PURPOSE: The pathophysiological mechanisms of the bladder dysfunction in postmenopausal state are not well understood especially in moleclular level. Therefore we investigated the changes of bladder in female rat following bilateral ovariectomy by proteomic approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total 10 female Sprague-Dawley rats were obtained at 8 weeks of age and randomly divided into 2 groups in each 5 rats; sham operation group as the control group and the bilateral ovariectomy group. Whole urinary bladders of the rats were excised 4 weeks after the beginning of the experiment. Conventional proteomics was performed with high resolution 2-D gel electrophoresis followed by computational image analysis and protein identification using mass spectrometry. RESULTS: Bladder weight was not changed by oophorectomy. A comparison of bladder of ovariectomy group with control showed that 8 proteins; Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A was over-expressed, and chaperone grp 75 precursor, guanine deaminase, keratin complex 2, Gelsolin precursor, peroxiredoxin 2, Enol protein and contrapsin-like inhibitor 1 precursor were under-expressed in the oophorectomy group. CONCLUSION: These data suggested that the bilateral oophorectomy might make a bladder to have a cellular apoptosis and a change of contractility in the rat bladder. However more information is needed in human bladder tissue for clinical usage and long-term proteomic changes are needed.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional ; Female ; Female* ; Gelsolin ; Guanine Deaminase ; Humans ; Mass Spectrometry ; Ovariectomy* ; Peptide Initiation Factors ; Peroxiredoxins ; Proteomics ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Urinary Bladder*

Emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN) is a necrotizing infection of the renal parenchyma and its surrounding tissues that results in the accumulation of gas in the renal parenchyma, collecting system or perinephric tissue. EPN is a potentially life-threatening condition, which is most commonly associated with poorly controlled diabetes. We describe a case of emphysematous pyelonephritis associated with emphysematous ureteritis and cystitis in a 68-year-old diabetic woman, who was cured with medical treatment and surgical intervention.
Aged ; Cystitis ; Female ; Humans ; Pyelonephritis ; Ureter

Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis is a rare, drug-induced disease that is occasionally accompanied by acute renal failure. It is characterized by the abrupt onset of widespread pustules on an erythematous base and rapid spontaneous healing. We report a case involving a 47-year-old male who presented with exanthematous pustules after taking medication. Azotemia was found in the resulting blood test. We were able to achieve the final diagnosis by skin biopsy. After instructing the patient not to take the previous medication, oral steroids were prescribed. He recovered within 2 weeks with just desquamations remaining.
Acute Generalized Exanthematous Pustulosis ; Acute Kidney Injury ; Azotemia ; Biopsy ; Hematologic Tests ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Skin ; Steroids

Internal iliac artery aneurysm (IIAA) is a type of abdominal aneurysm that is a rare cause of lower urinary tract symptoms because of its anatomic location. If diagnosed after rupture, it can be lethal and surgery is mandatory. A 57-year-old male presented with acute urinary retention and syncope. An intra-abdominal mass initially thought to be an aneurysm was apparent by ultrasound. A computed tomography scan of the abdomen confirmed an internal iliac artery aneurysm accompanied by rupture. The patient was discharged without any complications within 20 days after receiving a vascular graft and resection of the aneurysm.
Abdomen ; Aneurysm ; Humans ; Iliac Aneurysm ; Iliac Artery ; Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Rupture ; Syncope ; Transplants ; Urinary Retention

Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia (SED) comprises a heterogeneous group of skeletal dysplasias that primarily affect the epiphyses and vertebral bodies. Patients affected by SED usually exhibit short stature and experience early development of degenerative osteoarthritis. SED is subdivided into congenita and tarda forms according to the age at onset and clinical severity, and further subdivided into genetically different forms according to the mode of inheritance and the gene involved. We report a 14-yr-old Korean male who presented with a disproportionately short stature and a short trunk. A pedigree analysis of 3 generations with 6 affected persons revealed an X-linked recessive mode of inheritance. Mutation analysis of the TRAPPC2 (previously called SEDL) gene, the only gene associated with X-linked spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda (X-linked SEDT; MIM 313400), was performed, and a splice-donor site mutation in intron 3 of the TRAPPC2 gene (c.93+5G>A) was identified in the proband and in his unaffected mother (a heterozygote). This mutation is one of the 2 most frequent mutations reported in the medical literature, and is known to result in exon 3 skipping. This is the first report of a genetically confirmed X-linked SEDT case in Korea and highlights the importance of recognizing the mode of inheritance in the diagnosis of X-linked SEDT.
Adolescent ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group/*genetics ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Exons ; Genetic Diseases, X-Linked/*genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Membrane Transport Proteins/*genetics ; Osteochondrodysplasias/*genetics/radiography ; Pedigree ; Republic of Korea ; Transcription Factors/*genetics

Extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP) is a common plasma cell tumor often involving the upper aerodigestive tract. Although extremely rare, mediastinal involvement is possible. An 81-year-old man was presented to our emergency department with chest and back pain with weakness in both legs. Chest X-ray showed a large mass in the upper right mediastinum; subsequently, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging evaluated the mass. He was diagnosed with mediastinal EMP, which progressed to spinal cord compression. The patient was treated with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Spinal cord compression, due to metastatic tumor, is an emergency clinical situation that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment. Emergency medicine physicians should be aware of the clinical presentation and complications associated with EMP.
Aged, 80 and over ; Back Pain ; Diagnosis ; Drug Therapy ; Emergencies ; Emergency Medicine ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Humans ; Leg ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Mediastinum ; Multiple Myeloma ; Plasmacytoma* ; Radiotherapy ; Spinal Cord Compression* ; Spinal Cord* ; Thorax

Objective: Troponin I is a cardiac biomarker to diagnose acute myocardial infarction and is known to be elevated in sepsis patients as well. Recent studies have shown a correlation between troponin I results the prognosis of sepsis patients. We attempted to correlate the serial measurements of high-sensitivity troponin I (Hs-TnI) results with the prognosis of sepsis patients visiting the emergency room (ER). Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of patients who visited the ER from December 2019 to May 2021 with a diagnosis of infectious disease and a quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) score of over two. Those who had been administered the 3-hour interval Hs-TnI test were selected and the difference between two Hs-TnI (delta Hs-TnI) results were correlated with the prognosis of the patient. Results: A total of 76 patients were included in the study, including 56 28-day survivors and 20 28-day non-survivors. The delta Hs-TnI was higher in the non-survivor group and associated with a poorer prognosis (P=0.004). Multivariate logistic regression was used, and log(delta Hs-TnI) showed an odds ratio (OR) of 2.227 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.171-5.818), (P=0.023) while the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score showed an OR of 1.478 (95% CI, 1.229-1.777) (P<0.001). The area under the curve (AUC) was calculated using the receiver operating characteristic curve and the AUC for the SOFA score was 0.893 and that from the log(delta Hs-TnI) was 0.724. Conclusion An increase in delta Hs-TnI is correlated with the poorer prognosis of sepsis patients. Hence, it would be useful to check the serial Hs-TnI to predict the 28-day outcome of sepsis patients visiting the ER.

Fruits are generally recommended for a balanced meal, as they are good sources of vitamins, minerals, and fiber, which may improve blood glucose control. However, fruits have simple sugars with a wide glycemic index (GI) range. The purpose of this study was to analyze the sugar content and composition and to determine the glycemic indices of the most frequently consumed fruits in Korea, including apple, tangerine, pear, water melon, persimmon, grape, oriental melon, and peach. The sugar content and composition of the fruits were analyzed by high performance anion-exchange chromatography (Dinonex model DX-600). The GI of the fruits was measured in 13 healthy subjects (seven females and six males) after permission was received from the University Hospital institutional review board (KHU-IRB 1114-06). The subjects consumed 50 g of glucose as a reference and carbohydrate portions of eight fruits. Blood samples were collected at 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after consuming the fruits. The GI values for the fruits were calculated by expressing the increase in the area under the blood glucose response curve for each subject. As a result, the total sugar contents of 100 g fruits were: grape (13.9 g), apple (12.3 g), persimmon (11.9 g), oriental melon (11.2 g), watermelon (9.3 g), tangerine (8.9 g), peach (8.6 g), and pear (8.3 g). The GI values of the fruits were as follows: GI value of peach (56.5 +/- 14.17), watermelon (53.5 +/- 18.07), oriental melon (51.2 +/- 18.14), tangerine (50.4 +/- 15.16), grape (48.1 +/- 14.05), persimmon (42.9 +/- 18.92), pear (35.7 +/- 14.38), and apple (33.5 +/- 11.92). These findings will help individuals choose fruit for controlling blood sugar.
Blood Glucose ; Carbohydrates ; Chromatography ; Citrullus ; Cucurbitaceae ; Diospyros ; Ethics Committees, Research ; Female ; Fruit ; Glucose ; Glycemic Index ; Humans ; Korea ; Meals ; Minerals ; Prunus persica ; Pyrus ; Vitamins ; Vitis

The white button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) is one of the most widely cultivated species of edible mushroom. Despite its economic importance, relatively little is known about the genetic diversity of this species. Illumina paired-end sequencing produced 43,871,558 clean reads and 69,174 contigs were generated from five offspring. These contigs were subsequently assembled into 57,594 unigenes. The unigenes were annotated with reference genome in which 6,559 unigenes were associated with clusters, indicating orthologous genes. Gene ontology classification assigned many unigenes. Based on genome data of the five offspring, 44 polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were developed. The major allele frequency ranged from 0.42 to 0.92. The number of genotypes and the number of alleles ranged from 1 to 4, and from 2 to 4, respectively. The observed heterozygosity and the expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.00 to 1.00, and from 0.15 to 0.64, respectively. The polymorphic information content value ranged from 0.14 to 0.57. The genetic distances and UPGMA clustering discriminated offspring strains. The SSR markers developed in this study can be applied in polymorphism analyses of button mushroom and for cultivar discrimination.
Agaricales* ; Alleles ; Classification ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; Estrone ; Gene Frequency ; Gene Ontology ; Genetic Variation ; Genome ; Genotype ; Microsatellite Repeats*

Background: Mandibular condyle remodeling and displacement are post-orthognathic surgery concerns that can potentially lead to occlusal issues after bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy. This retrospective study examined the relationship between condylar volume changes and position alterations after surgery in patients with skeletal class II and III malocclusions using cone-beam CT. Methods: The study included 16 patients (6 with Class II malocclusion, 10 with Class III malocclusion) who underwent bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy at Chonnam National University Hospital. Cone-beam CT data were collected at three specific time points: before surgery, immediately after surgery, and approximately 6 months post-surgery.Mandibular movement was measured using InVivoDental 5.4.6. ITK-SNAP 3.8.0 was used to assessed condylar volume changes post-surgery. Condyle positions were evaluated in four parts with RadiAnt DICOM Viewer 4.6.9. Statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS version 23. Results: Considering both Class II and III malocclusion, a 2.91% volume reduction was noted immediately and at 6 months after surgery. Both Class II and III cases demonstrated a decrease in superior joint space by -0.59 mm and medial joint space by -1.09 mm. No significant correlation was found between this process and condylar volume change. Conclusions The mandibular condyle volume decreased, and superior-medial movement of the condyle was detected in patients with Class II and III malocclusion immediately and at 6 months after surgery with no volumeposition correlation.