PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate osteoporosis knowledge, health beliefs, and influencing factors on health behaviors among female college students. METHODS: Using the Osteoporosis Quiz, the Health belief Scale, and the Health Behavior Questionnaire, data were collected from 314 female college students from 4 universities located in Chungcheong providence. RESULTS: The mean scores of knowledge and health belief were 12.7+/-3.81 and 90.9+/-12.66, respectively. There was a statistically significant correlation between osteoporosis knowledge and health belief (p<.001). Also, a statistically significant correlation was found between health belief and health behavior (p<.001). According to the regression model, knowledge, perceived benefit, perceived barrier, family history of osteoporosis, and health interest explained 6.7% of total variance in health behavior. CONCLUSION: Female college students should be taught to be aware of the importance of proper dietary intake and regular exercise as a way to maintain or promote the health of their bones so that they can prevent osteoporosis.
Female* ; Health Behavior* ; Humans ; Osteoporosis* ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVES: This study was carried out to determine nutritional status of elderly patients in a long-term care hospital according to meal type and eating ability. METHODS: Subjects were 47 female patients aged over 65 (79.3 +/- 7.1 years) who resided in a long-term care hospital in Seoul. Thirty seven patients who ate diet orally were grouped according to meal type (27 general diet and 10 soft diet) and eating ability (26 eating by oneself and 11 eaten with help) and 10 were on tube feeding. Nutritional status was determined by food consumption and mid-arm circumference. RESULTS: The mean adequacy ratios (MARs) of 12 nutrients (protein, calcium, phosphorus, zinc, vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, niacin, folic acid, vitamin C) were 0.687 for general diet, 0.565 for soft diet, 0.680 for eating by oneself and 0.677 for eaten with help, which were significantly lower than 0.982 for tube feeding (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). The patients on tube feeding had significantly lower % arm circumference compared to those who ate general diet (84.0% vs. 95.4%, respectively, p < 0.05). Nutrients intakes, nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) and index of nutritional quality (INQ) were not different between meal types as well as eating ability. The most insufficiently consumed nutrients by the patients on diet were folic acid, vitamin B2, and calcium (NAR 0.334~0.453, 0.515~0.539, and 0.516~0.533, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggested that regardless of meal type or eating ability, the subjects who were on diets in this study might have inadequate intake of folic acid as well as vitamin B2, and calcium, which need to be reflected on menu planning. The measurement of mid-arm circumference presented more risk of malnutrition of patients on tube feeding than those on diets, despite apparently better nutrient consumption.
Aged* ; Arm ; Calcium ; Diet ; Eating* ; Enteral Nutrition ; Female ; Folic Acid ; Humans ; Long-Term Care* ; Malnutrition ; Meals* ; Menu Planning ; Niacin ; Nutritional Status* ; Nutritive Value ; Phosphorus ; Riboflavin ; Seoul ; Thiamine ; Vitamin A ; Vitamin B 6 ; Vitamins ; Zinc

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of nursing college students who attended delivery practices at midwifery clinic. METHODS: This was a qualitative study using focus groups. Data were collected by group interviews with a total of 12 students who observed natural childbirth at midwifery clinic. Data were analyzed through Colaizzi's method in which meaningful statements were extracted. RESULTS: The meanings of experiences were identified five theme clusters from thirteen themes and thirty-one sub-themes. The five theme clusters were 'ultimate process of natural childbirth', 'allowed birth', 'role recognition of the midwife', 'positively changed perception', and 'barriers'. CONCLUSION: This study showed that observation of delivery at midwifery clinic was helpful for nursing students in terms of positive impression about natural childbirth with maternal and baby being centered. Nursing students expressed value and concern about delivery at midwifery clinic. Further in-depth study of natural childbirth in terms of husband and family perspective is required. For quality improvement of maternity nursing care, natural childbirth process needs to be included in nursing care at hospitals as well as students' clinical practicum.
Female ; Focus Groups ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Interviews as Topic ; Maternal-Child Nursing ; Midwifery* ; Natural Childbirth ; Nursing Care ; Nursing* ; Pregnancy ; Quality Improvement ; Spouses ; Students, Nursing

PURPOSE: This study is to analyze the effects of medical students’ social support and career barriers on career exploration behavior mediated by career decision-making self-efficacy. METHODS: We applied the t-test to investigate the difference among the variables based on gender and admission types. Also, we performed path analysis to verify the effect of perceived career barriers and social support on career exploration behavior with career decision efficacy as a mediator. RESULTS: First, we noted statistically significant gender and admission type difference in social support, career barriers and career exploration behaviors. Second, social support and career barriers were found to influence career exploration behavior as a mediating variable for career decision-making self-efficacy. CONCLUSION: Social support and career barriers as perceived by medical students influenced their career exploration behavior, with their decision-making self-efficacy serving as a full mediator. Therefore, this study has educational implications for career program development and educational training for career decision-making self-efficacy.
Humans ; Negotiating ; Program Development ; Students, Medical*

The culture media for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) were contrived from both egg-based and agar based ingredients. In 1903, Dorset introduced the first egg-based medium. It was followed by the invention of Lowenstein-Jensen and Ogawa media that contain whole eggs as nutrient and malachite green to inhibit the growth of contaminants. These media have been used worldwide for their usefulness and inexpensiveness. However they have a fundamental disadvantage that the cultivation time for mycobacterial growth takes more than 4 weeks. In 1947, Dubos introduced the first agar medium and followed by the invention of the 7H10 by Middlebrook and Cohn. A powder base of these media contains agar, combination of seven salts, L-glutamic acid, pyridoxine, biotin, and malachite green. This requires the addition of the oleic acid, albumin, dextrose, and catalase (OADC) growth supplement. BACTEC MGIT960 has recently been introduced for rapid cultivation of MTB, which is fully automated liquid culture system with modified 7H9 broth. Agar-based medium developed by Middlebrook has a number of advantages over egg-based medium. One of them is transparency, which enables earlier detection of growing colonies. The major disadvantages of agar media are the high cost of OADC and the need for a CO2 incubator. In conclusion, there is a need for a new agar medium, which can be produced at a lower cost and earlier growth detection. In this review, we introduced the growth promoting factors which can be used as an alternative new growth supplement, cAMP and resuscitation-promoting factor (Rpf). These factors may abrogate a lag in adaption of the bacilli in culture media.
Agar ; Biotin ; Catalase ; Culture Media ; Eggs ; Glucose ; Glutamic Acid ; Incubators ; Inventions ; Mycobacterium ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; Oleic Acid ; Ovum ; Pyridoxine ; Rosaniline Dyes ; Salts

PURPOSE: Troglitazone (TRO) is a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist. TRO has antiproliferative activity on many kinds of cancer cells via G1 arrest. TRO also increases Cu2+/Zn2+-superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) and catalase. Cell cycle, and SOD and catalase may affect on radiation sensitivity. We investigated the effect of TRO on radiation sensitivity in cancer cells in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three human cervix cancer cell lines (HeLa, Me180, and SiHa) were used. The protein expressions of SOD and catalase, and catalase activities were measured at 2-10 microM of TRO for 24 hours. Cell cycle was evaluated with flow cytometry. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured using 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate. Cell survival by radiation was measured with clonogenic assay. RESULTS: By 5 microM TRO for 24 hours, the mRNA, protein expression and activity of catalase were increased in all three cell lines. G0-G1 phase cells were increased in HeLa and Me180 by 5 microM TRO for 24 hours, but those were not increased in SiHa. By pretreatment with 5 microM TRO radiation sensitivity was increased in HeLa and Me180, but it was decreased in SiHa. In Me180, with 2 microM TRO which increased catalase but not increased G0-G1 cells, radiosensitization was not observed. ROS produced by radiation was decreased with TRO. CONCLUSION: TRO increases radiation sensitivity through G0-G1 arrest or decreases radiation sensitivity through catalase-mediated ROS scavenging according to TRO dose or cell types. The change of radiation sensitivity by combined with TRO is not dependent on the PPARgamma expression level.
Catalase ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Line ; Cell Survival ; Cervix Uteri ; Chromans ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; Fluoresceins ; Humans ; PPAR gamma ; Radiation Tolerance ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; RNA, Messenger ; Thiazolidinediones ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

Objective:To explore the function of the bridging epithelium between maxillary process and nasal process in the devel-opment of lip and palate.Methods:The fertilized white leghorn chick eggs incubated to the appropriate Hamburger and Hamilton(H-H)stages were examined by tissue histologic studies,scanning electron microscopy observation,BrdU assay and TUNEL assay re-spectively.Results:At H-H stage 24,the epithelia between maxillary,lateral nasal and globular process were juxtaposed.At H-H stage 26-27,string-like filopodia appeared and the bridging epithelium formed,then in the bridging epithelium cell proliferation was decreased and the apoptotic cells appeared.At H-H stage 28,the apoptosis of the bridging epithelium cells increased,the full fusion of the processes was completed.Conclusion:The occurrence of bridging epithelium between maxillary process and nasal process plays an important role in the development of lip and palate.

It is essential to build a system to generate proper neural stimulus signals with adjusting parameters. We developed a stimulator with up to four channels for separate settings in periodic and non-periodic modes. The device can support a closed-loop experimental system which utilizes neural information in real time as a feedback for controlling stimuli. To confirm whether stimulating signals are properly produced and delivered inside the brain, two experiments with rats were conducted. We observed that the change of firing rates and the cross-power spectral density increased after stimulation which meant that electric signals were transferred well and that they affected the neurons' activities. Thus, it is expected that the stimulator can be utilized to produce appropriate stimulation signals in accordance with various objectives.
Animals ; Brain ; Electric Stimulation ; Fires ; Neurons ; Rats

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in reproductive-aged women. This syndrome is characterized by its heterogeneous presentation including oligoovulation, hyperandrogenism and polycystic ovary morphology. Moreover, women with PCOS exhibit metabolic dysfunction and have an increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The treatment approach is dependent on the presenting phenotype. Hormonal contraceptives are the first-line management for menstrual abnormalities and androgen excess symptoms, whereas clomiphene is the first-line therapy for infertility. Metformin is beneficial for metabolic abnormalities and menstrual irregularities.
Clomiphene ; Contraceptive Agents ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperandrogenism ; Infertility ; Metformin ; Ovary ; Phenotype ; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome*

PURPOSE: The increasing survival rate of colorectal cancer demands various nursing interventions and continuous care for patients to adapt to their psychosocial daily lives. The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with psychosocial adjustment in colorectal cancer survivors. METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive study with face-to-face interviews was conducted of 156 colorectal cancer survivors after surgery visiting an outpatient cancer clinic at a tertiary hospital in S city, Korea. Posttraumatic growth, health-promoting behavior, length of treatment, difficulty in activities of daily living, and having a stoma were entered into the linear regression model. RESULTS: The strongest factor influencing the level of psychosocial adjustment was health-promoting behavior (β=.33, p < .001), followed by difficulty in activities of daily living (β=-.24, p=.001), posttraumatic growth (β=.20, p=.004), and having a stoma (β=-.19, p=.004). CONCLUSION: Nursing interventions for psychosocial adjustment in colorectal cancer survivors need to include the contents for posttraumatic growth, as well as health-promoting behavior, and activities of daily living.
Activities of Daily Living ; Colorectal Neoplasms* ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Korea ; Linear Models ; Nursing ; Outpatients ; Social Adjustment ; Survival Rate ; Survivors* ; Tertiary Care Centers