PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to assess the sonographic findings of Osgood-Schlatter disease with correlation to radiographic findings and to determine value of sonography in the diagnosis of Osgood-Schlatter disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The population consist of 22 cases of Osgood-Schlatter disease and 15 healthy subjects of the same age range for comparison. The sonographic study was carried out with real time units equipped with linear probe of 7 MHz frequency. Radiography and sonography were done in all cases and follow-up sonography was performed in 10 cases. RESULTS: The sonographic features of the Osgood-Schlatter disease were swelling of cartilage over the anterior tibial tuberosity ossification center in 16 cases, fragmentation and/or irregularities of the ossification center of the anterior tibial tuberosity in 14 cases, localized thickening of the pateliar tendon in 14 cases, ossicles in the thickened pateliar tendon in 3 cases, and distension of the infrapatellar bursa in 2 cases. Fifteen of 22 cases of Osgood-Schlatter disease had abnormal findings on radiographs and sonograms. Out of 7 cases which had normal radiograph and abnormal findings on sonogram, 6 cases showed pateliar tendon thickening, cartilage swelling, and/or distended infrapatellar bursa and one case showed fragmentation of anterior tibial tuberosity on sonogram. CONCLUSION: Sonographic evaluation of Osgood-Schlatter disease provided a clear picture about pathologic changes in the superficial soft tissues and in the cartilage and also yielded the same diagnostic information on bony change as radiography Sonography is a reliable and useful method for the evaluation of young patients with clinically suspected Osgood-Schlatter disease.
Cartilage ; Diagnosis* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Osteochondrosis* ; Radiography ; Tendons ; Ultrasonography*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to assess the sonographic findings of Osgood-Schlatter disease with correlation to radiographic findings and to determine value of sonography in the diagnosis of Osgood-Schlatter disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The population consist of 22 cases of Osgood-Schlatter disease and 15 healthy subjects of the same age range for comparison. The sonographic study was carried out with real time units equipped with linear probe of 7 MHz frequency. Radiography and sonography were done in all cases and follow-up sonography was performed in 10 cases. RESULTS: The sonographic features of the Osgood-Schlatter disease were swelling of cartilage over the anterior tibial tuberosity ossification center in 16 cases, fragmentation and/or irregularities of the ossification center of the anterior tibial tuberosity in 14 cases, localized thickening of the pateliar tendon in 14 cases, ossicles in the thickened pateliar tendon in 3 cases, and distension of the infrapatellar bursa in 2 cases. Fifteen of 22 cases of Osgood-Schlatter disease had abnormal findings on radiographs and sonograms. Out of 7 cases which had normal radiograph and abnormal findings on sonogram, 6 cases showed pateliar tendon thickening, cartilage swelling, and/or distended infrapatellar bursa and one case showed fragmentation of anterior tibial tuberosity on sonogram. CONCLUSION: Sonographic evaluation of Osgood-Schlatter disease provided a clear picture about pathologic changes in the superficial soft tissues and in the cartilage and also yielded the same diagnostic information on bony change as radiography Sonography is a reliable and useful method for the evaluation of young patients with clinically suspected Osgood-Schlatter disease.
Cartilage ; Diagnosis* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Osteochondrosis* ; Radiography ; Tendons ; Ultrasonography*

PURPOSE: There has been little research regarding the effectiveness of oseltamivir for influenza B infections. We sought to identify the different clinical manifestations between patients treated with and without oseltamivir. METHODS: We retrospectively studied the medical records of 72 inpatients or outpatients from two medical centers diagnosed with influenza B infections by either a rapid antigen test or multiplex reverse transcriptase PCR between January 2012 and July 2012. We compared gender, age, past medical history, admission period, total fever duration, fever duration after hospitalization, post-oseltamivir medication peak temperature, laboratory test, chest X-ray, antibiotic medication, and the presence of concomitant viral or bacterial infections. RESULTS: The number of subjects in our study was 72 who were diagnosed with influenza B pneumonia, acute bronchitis, acute bronchiolitis, croup, and mean age was 3.6+/-2.8 year old. The demographic characteristics and clinical manifestations of oseltamivir and the non-oseltamivir groups, including hospitalization period (4.18+/-2.10 vs 4.79+/-1.49 days, P=.17) and total fever duration (5.32+/-2.07 vs 6.41+/-3.25 days, P=.09), demonstrated no significant differences. Notably, the oseltamivir group did have significantly reduced usage of antibiotic treatment than the non-oseltamivir group (P=.04). When we limited our patient group to patients under the age of three, similar results were seen. The group prescribed oseltamivir within 48 hours of fever onset had less antibiotic usage, in addition to a shorter fever duration. CONCLUSION: Oseltamivir appeared to have no benefit in improving the clinical course. However, if it is prescribed within the first 48 hours of symptoms, it may be more effective.
Bacterial Infections ; Bronchiolitis ; Bronchitis ; Child* ; Croup ; Fever ; Hospitalization ; Hospitals, University* ; Humans ; Influenza B virus* ; Influenza, Human ; Inpatients ; Medical Records ; Oseltamivir* ; Outpatients ; Pneumonia ; Retrospective Studies ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Thorax

No abstract available.
Meconium* ; Peritonitis*

No abstract available.
Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome*

Endocrine adrenal tumors are uncommon but clinically significant because they can be managed successfully by surgical therapy. During pregnancy, adrenal tumors can be a cause of death for both mother and baby, unless they diagnoses antenatally and managed properly. To investigate clinical characteristics of endocrine adrenal tumors, we analyzed 26 cases of adrenal tumor diagnosed and managed in Chung Ang Gil Hospital including cases associated with pregnancy and also a rare case of paraganglioma in liver. 1) There were 7 cases of Cushing's syndrome among which two cases were due to Cushing's disease and five cases were due to adrenal adenoma. Six cases were managed successfully by appropriate surgery. Another one case was associated with pregnancy but the patient expired due to sudden development of pulmonary edema and hypotension during preoperative preparation.2) Among 9 cases of primary aldosteronism, 8 cases were aldosterone-producing adenoma(APA) and 1 case was idiopathic hyperaldosteronism(IHA). In differential diagnosis between APA and IHA, diagnostic accuracy of postural study and adrenal CT was 86%, 78% respectively. In each one case of APA and IHA, adrenal venous aldosterone sampling was used for the differential diagnosis. Six cases of APA were managed by appropriate surgery. One patient with APA who refuses surgery and one patient with IHA were placed on spironolactone with good response.3) Among 10 cases of pheochromocytoma, seven cases were from adrenal gland and three cases were paragangliomas including one case originating from liver and two cases from abdominal ganglia. One patient with pheochromocytoma was diagnosed in 1st trimester of pregnancy and she was successfully treated by surgery.We observed 26 cases of endocrine adrenal tumors which were successfully managed except one case. We think that it is important to pay attention to adrenal tumor for early diagnosis particulary when associated with pregnancy. Paraganglioma in liver, although very rare, should be included in the differential diagnosis of space occupying lesion in liver.
Adenoma ; Adrenal Glands ; Aldosterone ; Cause of Death ; Cushing Syndrome ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Early Diagnosis ; Ganglia ; Humans ; Hyperaldosteronism ; Hypotension ; Liver ; Mothers ; Paraganglioma ; Pheochromocytoma ; Pregnancy ; Pulmonary Edema ; Spironolactone

PURPOSE: This study was done to identify the Domains, Classes, labels and nursing activities of nursing interventions used with 117 patients who were admitted to orthopedic nursing units. METHOD: Data were collected in January and February, 2004 using a computerized nursing process program that contained nursing diagnosis-outcome-intervention (NNN) linkages. The program was developed by the researcher. Frequencies and percentages were used in the analysis. RESULTS: Sixty-five nursing intervention labels were identified. The Domains of the nursing interventions showed higher percentages for 'physiological: basic' (75.9%), 'physiological: complex' (12.9%), 'behavioral' (7.8%) 'family' (1.3%), and 'safety' (1.1%). The Classes of nursing interventions showed higher percentages for 'activity and exercise management' (30.8%), 'physical comfort promotion' (19.3%), 'immobility management' (14.5%), 'drug management' (8.1%), and 'coping assistance' (5.6%). Nursing intervention labels showed higher percentages for 'pain management' (14.7%), 'body mechanics promotion' (8.0%), 'exercise therapy : ambulation' (7.2%), 'splinting' (5.4%), and 'positioning' (5.1%). In the comparison of numbers between performed nursing activities and nursing activities of NIC according to nursing intervention label, the mean of combined rate was 52.3%. CONCLUSION: These findings will help in building of a standardized language for orthopedic nursing units and enhance the quality of nursing care.
Humans ; Mechanics ; Nursing Care ; Nursing Process ; Nursing* ; Orthopedic Nursing* ; Orthopedics*

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of fluoride mouthrinse with low pH on the surface microhardness of artificial incipient carious enamel. METHODS: Firstly, the concentration of sodium fluoride and pH values were measured in commercially available mouthrinse. Secondly, DOCTOR Clean & Fresh(R) (Jang In Pharm, co., LTD. KOREA) with 0.02% sodium fluoride and pH value below pH 4.0 was selected as the experimental group, 0.02% sodium as the positive control group and distilled water as the negative control group. Enamel samples of n vine teeth (n=36) were divided into the three groups respectively and treated with the mouthrinse solutions for 3 and 20 minutes. The surface microhardness (Vickers hardness number, VHN) was measured with microhardness tester before and after the treatments. RESULTS: The average pH of DOCTOR Clean & Fresh(R) was 3.45+/-0.00, and it was acidic enough to cause tooth erosion. The difference of surface microhardness (DeltaVHN) before and after the 20 minute treatment was statistically significant among the groups: DOCTOR Clean & Fresh(R) (12.77+/-2.25 DeltaVHN), distilled water (0.24+/-0.75 DeltaVHN), 0.02% sodium fluoride solution (-0.62+/-1.62 DeltaVHN) (P<0.05). The DOCTOR Clean & Fresh(R) group with low pH showed greater changes on the surface microhardness of the carious enamel than those of other groups (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: It is suggested that the mouthrinse with low pH can reduce the surface microhardness of incipient carious enamel.
Dental Enamel ; Fluorides ; Hardness ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Sodium ; Sodium Fluoride ; Tooth ; Tooth Erosion ; Water

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the safe medication utilization and the education demands during pregnancy and it further reported the development of educational materials for pregnant women. METHODS: A survey was conducted in two tertiary care university hospitals and one community hospital specialized in obstetrics and gynecology from July 2 to 29 2014. The survey questionnaires included the usage of medications and the unmet needs on medication use during pregnancy. Ad ditionally, pregnant women's requests regarding to medication use were collected through group interviewing of community pharmacists. Based on these results, educational materials were de veloped and implemented. After implementing the education sessions, the satisfaction was evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 152 pregnant women answered completely the questionnaire. Among them, 130 participants (42.8%) were given the medication information from their physicians. Exposure to a teratogenic drug during pregnancy was a major concern for most pregnant women (79.6%). The majority (90.1%) of subjects reported a necessity of medication-related education during their pregnancy. The interview with 48 pharmacists indicated that the most commonly used OTC drugs in pregnancy were vitamins (25.2%), iron supplements (23.7%), and the most frequently used prescription drugs were antiinflammatory-analgesics (25.3%), followed by antibiotics (20.9 %). Based on the results, booklets of drug therapy during pregnancy, leaflet of pregnancy category index were made. Also, on-line flash and presentation materials for instructors were prepared. Through the trial education with the developed materials, it was confirmed that the contents of education materials were well understood and satisfied by the pregnant women. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed the need of the medication-related education for the pregnant women. The developed education materials would be helpful sources to provide accurate and reliable medication-related information to health professionals and pregnant women.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Drug Therapy ; Education ; Female ; Gynecology ; Health Occupations ; Hospitals, Community ; Hospitals, University ; Humans ; Interviews as Topic ; Iron ; Nonprescription Drugs ; Obstetrics ; Pamphlets ; Pharmacists ; Pregnancy* ; Pregnant Women ; Prescription Drugs ; Tertiary Healthcare ; Vitamins

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the perceived importance of nursing intserventions of psychiatric nurses according to domains, classes and interventions using the 3th NIC. METHOD: In this study, a 435 of 486 nursing interventions were selected from 75% consent reached by experts. Data were collected from 9 hospitals and 141 nurses(return rates : 94.0%) in Seoul, Kyonggi, Chungnam, Gwang-ju and Chonnam region from January, 2002 to February, 2002 using 4 point Likert scale. RESULT: Total perceived importance score was 2.905+/-0.463 and total correlation score with performance frequency was r=0.295. The most important perceived domain and class was found to be 'safety' (3.217+/-0.465) and 'community health promotion' (3.285+/-0.866). The most correlated domain and class with performance frequency appeared to be 'behavioral' (r=0.431, p=0.000) and 'communication enhancement' (r=0.439, p=0.000). The most important perceived nursing intervention was found to be 'active listening' (3.652+/-0.549). CONCLUSION: In conclusion, nurses in clinical settings were found to perform less than perceive its importance. Therefore, further researches are needed to identify factors related to impede and develop strategies to improve the performance of nursing interventions.