PURPOSE:Obesity is a common complication in children who were surgically treated for craniopharyngioma. We analysed body composition, metabolic parameters and evaluated for correlation between adiponectin and metabolic parameters in children who were surgically treated for craniopharyngioma. METHODS:Sixteen patients with craniopharyngioma (9 males, 7 females) were included in this study (patient group). The data of patient group were compared to those of children who visited the clinic for normal short stature with appropriate gestational age (14 males, 4 females) (control group). Height SDS, weight SDS, BMI were calculated. Total body fat, abdominal fat distribution were measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Plasma levels of total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, adiponectin, and insulin were measured after overnight fasting. The degree of insulin resistance was calculated by HOMA-IR. RESULTS:Four of 16 patients were obese. and three were overweight. Patient group had higher total body fat percentage (27.5+/-6.8 vs 17.6+/-6.8, P=0.01), triglycerides (207.9+/-241.6 vs 76.7+/-30.8, P=0.001), lower HDL-cholesterol (37.5+/-14.6 vs 61.4+/-15.4, P=0.000) and adiponectin levels (7.1+/-4.2 vs 10.7+/-4.3, P=0.012). Adiponectin levels were correlated negatively with total body fat percentage (r=-0.631, P= 0.009), abdominal fat distribution (r=-0.547, P=0.03), triglycerides (r=-0.518, P=0.04), insulin (r=-0.525, P=0.037) and correlated positively with HDL-cholesterol (r=0.572, P=0.021). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that children who were surgically treated for craniopharyngioma, had tendency to develop obesity, dyslipidemia and Insulin resistance. Therefore, patients who were surgically treated, should be closely monitored to minimize the effect of metabolic syndrome on their health and well being.
Abdominal Fat ; Adiponectin ; Adipose Tissue ; Body Composition ; Child* ; Cholesterol ; Craniopharyngioma* ; Dyslipidemias ; Electric Impedance ; Fasting ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Insulin ; Insulin Resistance ; Male ; Obesity ; Overweight ; Plasma ; Triglycerides

No abstract available.
Fibrosis* ; Hypersplenism*

PURPOSE: Obesity is a significant health problem with medical and psychological consequences for children and adolescents. The purpose of this study was to assess the correlation between body fat percent using bioelectrical impedance(BI) and other variable methods. METHODS: We measured height, weight, body mass index(BMI) and body fat percent by skinfold thickness(ST) and BI in 1,035(496 male; 539 female) children from seven to 18 years of age. The correlation coefficients between BI and each of the other different methods were obtained. The sensitivity and specificity to predict obesity by these several methods were studied. RESULTS: Fat percent estimated by BI analysis and BMI showed a strong correlation(r=0.749). Fat percent estimated by BI analysis and ST showed a very strong correlation(r=0.835). At the 95th percentile cut-off point for BI, ST showed a sensitivity of 57.7%, and a specificity of 97.6% for estimating body fat. At the 95th percentile cut-off point for BI, BMI showed a sensitivity of 84.9%, and a specificity of 99.3% for estimating body fat. CONCLUSION: The fat percent estimated by BI analysis correlated strongly with ST or BMI. BI analysis is an objective and accurate method for estimating body fat in childhood obesity.
Adipose Tissue* ; Adolescent ; Body Mass Index ; Body Weight ; Child ; Electric Impedance* ; Humans ; Male ; Obesity ; Pediatric Obesity ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Skinfold Thickness

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship among academic self-efficacy, socially-prescribed perfectionism, and academic burnout in medical school students and to determine whether academic self-efficacy had a mediating role in the relationship between perfectionism and academic burnout. METHODS: A total of 244 first-year and second-year premed medical students and first- to fourth-year medical students were enrolled in this study. As study tools, socially-prescribed perfectionism, academic self-efficacy, and academic burnout scales were utilized. For data analysis, correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis, and hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted. RESULTS: Academic burnout had correlation with socially-prescribed perfectionism. It had negative correlation with academic self-efficacy. Socially-prescribed perfectionism and academic self-efficacy had 54% explanatory power for academic burnout. When socially-prescribed perfectionism and academic self-efficacy were simultaneously used as input, academic self-efficacy partially mediated the relationship between socially-prescribed perfectionism and academic burnout. CONCLUSION: Socially-prescribed perfectionism had a negative effect on academic self-efficacy, ultimately triggering academic burnout. This suggests that it is important to have educational and counseling interventions to improve academic self-efficacy by relieving academic burnout of medical school students.
*Burnout, Professional ; *Education, Medical, Undergraduate ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; *Perfectionism ; *Personality ; Regression Analysis ; *Schools, Medical ; Self Concept ; *Self Efficacy ; Students, Medical/*psychology

We evaluated the effects of guanosine 5′-monophosphate (GMP)-chelated calcium and iron (CaFe-GMP) on health and egg quality in layers experimentally infected with Salmonella Gallinarum. In this study, a CaFe-GMP feed additive was added to a commercial layer feed and fed to layers over a four-week period. All were inoculated with Salmonella Gallinarum. Body weight, mortality, clinical symptoms, and poultry production including feed intake, egg production, egg loss, and feed conversion rate were observed, and Salmonella Gallinarum was re-isolated from the liver, spleen, and cecum of the layers. All tested internal organs for the CaFe-GMP additive group exhibited significantly lower re-isolation numbers of Salmonella Gallinarum and less severe pathological changes than those in the control group, indicating that the CaFe-GMP feed supplement induced bacterial clearance and increased resistance to Salmonella Gallinarum. Additionally, due to the inhibitory action of CaFe-GMP on the growth of Salmonella Gallinarum, the CaFe-GMP additive group exhibited better egg production, including a higher laying rate and fewer broken eggs. The results suggest that a 0.16% CaFe-GMP additive may help prevent salmonellosis in the poultry industry.
Body Weight ; Calcium* ; Cecum ; Eggs ; Guanosine* ; Iron* ; Liver ; Mortality ; Ovum* ; Poultry ; Poultry Products ; Salmonella Infections ; Salmonella* ; Spleen

PURPOSE: Besides interferencence of esophageal motor function by the nasogastric tube, a decline of the positive gastro-esophageal pressure gradient caused by intermittent positive pressure ventilation seems to have a major role in the pathogenesis of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) in mechanically ventilated preterm infants. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of GER and associated risk factors in mechanically ventilated preterm infants. METHODS: Twenty four hour esophageal pH monitorings were performed using a antimony electrode on 11 mechanically ventilated preterm infants in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in Pusan National University Hospital. We evaluated the following reflux parameters; reflux index, reflux episodes/ hour, reflux episodes > or =5 min/hour, duration of longest episode, and percent episodes > or =5 min. Patients were considered to have significant GER if more than 2 among 5 parameters were satisfied. RESULTS: The mean gestational age of the patients was 30.9 weeks, mean birth weight was 1,568 g, and mean age at the time of pH monitoring was 2.8 days. Significant GER was detected in 4 patients (36.4%). There was no relationship between the incidence of GER and gestational age, birth weight, postnatal age, or the ventilator settings. CONCLUSION: The incidence of GER in mechanically ventilated preterm infants was similar, compared with other previous studies. Associated risk factors of GER in these patients were not detected. Therefore, mechanical ventilation in preterm infants does not seem to be the high risk factor of GER.
Antimony ; Birth Weight ; Busan ; Electrodes ; Esophageal pH Monitoring ; Gastroesophageal Reflux* ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Incidence ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature* ; Intensive Care, Neonatal ; Intermittent Positive-Pressure Ventilation ; Respiration, Artificial ; Risk Factors ; Ventilators, Mechanical

Injuries and infectious diseases have been the most important public health problems since the beginning of human life. Injuries result in death of about 30,000 people each year in South Korea. In terms of years of life lost, injuries are considerably more costly than either heart disease or cancer. In terms of cost - both the direct costs of care and the indirect costs to individuals, families, and societies of a diminished life - injuries are among the most expensive of all social problems. The main purposes of this study are (1) to describe the outcomes as well as treatment process of brain injured patients and (2) to identify the factors impacting on length of stay during hospitalization and hospital fees. The research method used in this study was to review the medical records of five hundreds brain injured cases using systemic random sampling. The multiple logistic regression was administered to identify the factors impacting on the outcomes. The results are as follow: (1) the consultation rate was found to be 72.9% while referral rate was 11.2%; (2) nearly 30% of the respondents were hospitalized over 30 days; (3) multiple logistic regression analyses revealed that the determinants influencing LOS were number of consultations, number of lab tests, and surgery; (4) the determinants of hospital fee were severity of brain injury, gender of patients, number of consultations, number of lab tests, and surgery.
Beginning of Human Life ; Brain Injuries ; Brain* ; Communicable Diseases ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Fees and Charges ; Heart Diseases ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Korea ; Length of Stay ; Logistic Models ; Medical Records ; Public Health ; Referral and Consultation ; Social Problems

No abstract available.
Stroke*

No abstract available.
Case-Control Studies* ; Health Promotion* ; Risk Factors*

Opioids are important drugs for the management of severe cancer pain without a ceiling effect. However, opioid administration leads to dose-limiting complications including drowsiness, hallucinations, delirium, respiratory depression, cognitive impairment, seizure, myoclonus, and hyperalgesia. Opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH) is a paradoxical phenomenon as opioid exposure increases pain sensitivity. Reducing or stopping opioids, opioid rotation, or co-administration of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonists have been suggested for the management of OIH. In this study, we report two clinical cases of successful management of OIH in cancer pain patients that were treated with opioids.
Analgesics, Opioid ; Cognition Disorders ; Delirium ; Hallucinations ; Humans ; Hyperalgesia ; Myoclonus ; N-Methylaspartate ; Pain Management ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; Seizures ; Sleep Stages