Purpose: : This study aimed to identify the moderating and mediating effects of resilience on the relationship between role conflict and job satisfaction among nurses working in a comprehensive nursing care service ward. Methods: : Participants were 130 comprehensive nursing care service ward nurses from four hospitals. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed by t-test, ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson correlation coefficients, and hierarchical multiple regression analysis, using SPSS 25.0. The mediating effect of resilience on the relationship between role conflict and job satisfaction was analyzed using multiple regression analysis according to Baron and Kenny’s procedure. Results: : Statistically significant negative correlations were found between role conflict and resilience (r=-.25, p<.007) and between role conflict and job satisfaction (r=-.38, p<.001). A significant positive correlation was found between resilience and job satisfaction (r=.54, p<.001). A partial mediating effect of resilience was found between role conflict and job satisfaction (Z=-2.53, p=.012) but no moderating effect was found. Conclusion : To improve the job satisfaction of comprehensive nursing care service ward nurses, interventions for alleviating role conflict and improving resilience as well as evaluations of the two variables are necessary.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the findings of magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) of posterior fossa hemangioblastoma and usefulness of contrast enhancement with Gd-DTPA. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seven patients with posterior fossa hemangioblastoma were studied with both pre- and post-enhanced MRI. The MR images were reviewed regarding the location, size, signal intensities of cysts and mural nodules, and their contrast enhancement pattern. RESULTS: Five tumors were located in cerebellar hemisphere, one in vermis, and one in posterior part of medulla. One patient with von HippeI-Lindau disease had a medullary hemangioblastoma with multiple pancreatic cysts. In 6 cases, the major portion of the tumor was cysts and had small mulkal nodules. The solid portion was relatiely lange in one case, cemprising half of the tumor Cysts were oval shaped and their sizes were 3--6.7cm in diameter. In five cases(71%), septations were noted within the cysts. Cysts were isointense or slightly hyperintense on Tl-weighted image and hyperintense on T2-weighted image compared with cerebrospinal fluid. Mural nodules were oval or rounded appearance in five cases and flattened appearance in two, and their size was 0.5--2.5cm in diameter. Mural nodules were isointense to gray matter. They were detected in five cases on Tl-weighted images and one case on T2-weighted images. In two cases, vascular signal void area was noted in mural nodules. On contrast-enhanced Tl-weighted images, all mural nodules were intensely enhanced. CONCLUSION: MRI proved to be a good diagnostic method to detect and characterize posterior fossa hemangioblastoma. The most common finding is Cystic posterior fossa lesion with enhancing mural nodule. Contrast enhancement is essential for specific diagnosis.
Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Diagnosis ; Gadolinium DTPA ; Hemangioblastoma* ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Pancreatic Cyst

Background: Prevention of chronic diseases such as hypertension and diabetes is important, but few studies have identified barriers to healthy lifestyle practices among adults in their 30-50s. Therefore, this study is intended to be used as basic data for establishing a prevention and control strategy for chronic diseases. Methods: This study is a qualitative content analysis study using the focus group interview methodology. According to the inductive content analysis method, data were analyzed through the steps of ‘making sense of the data and whole’, ‘open coding’, ‘grouping’, ‘categorization’, and ‘abstraction’. Results: The categories of barriers to healthy lifestyle practice were derived as follows. ‘Low interest in health care’ in the intrapersonal domain, ‘absence of an assistant’ in the interpersonal domain, ‘organizational environment in which it is difficult to a healthy lifestyle practice’ in the organizational domain, ‘lack of infrastructure’ and ‘restrictions on use of public health centers’ in the community domain. Conclusions For the prevention and management of chronic diseases, adults in their 30-50s should be encouraged to take an interest in healthy lifestyle practices and increase their will. For healthy lifestyle practice, it is necessary to allow family members and friends to participate as helpers. In addition, at work, employers should pay attention to workers' health management, adjust working hours, and reduce the burden of company dinner to create an organizational environment for healthy lifestyle practice. Lastly, infrastructure such as public sports facilities should be additionally expanded, and the contents of public health centers' programs should be promoted.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is three-fold: 1) to evaluate factors influencing hearing aid (HA) satisfaction; 2) to provide a profile of HA satisfaction in daily life; and 3) to examine the reasons why people gave up using HAs. Materials and Methods: Data for 1148 respondents were statistically analyzed and reported. Results: In the study, age (β=-0.03, p<0.01), level of education (β=1.21, p<0.01), HA purchase price (β=1.50, p<0.01), bilateral amplification (β=1.23, p<0.01), wearing time (β=0.28, p<0.01), and HA fitting and fine tuning on a regular basis (β=1.71, p<0.01) significantly influenced HA satisfaction. In addition, the authors observed that the most satisfactory factors were clarity of sound (53.5%), people’s trust in their HA (61.7%), and listening from a quiet environment (72.8%) in the domains of sound quality, HA features, and listening environments, respectively. Finally, with multiple choices being possible, 65% of the 40 respondents who no longer used HAs answered that their HAs ended up in a drawer since the background noise was annoying and distracting. Conclusion This study is significant in that it is a large-scale multi-center research to comprehensively examine the factors influencing HA satisfaction in South Korea. This data will provide helpful information that could lead to the successful rehabilitation of hearing loss with HAs.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the symptoms and interference of activities of daily living (ADL) of chemotherapy induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) in patients receiving taxane and platinums. METHODS: 141 cancer patients were recruited in the cross-sectional survey design. The instruments used in the study was the Chemotherapy-induced Peripheral Neuropathy Assessment Tool (CIPNAT) developed by Tofthagen and colleagues. RESULTS: The patients experienced the symptom and interference of ADL of CIPN moderately. The most common symptom was nerve pain (70.2%) and the patients with high cumulative doses showed a significant of tingling sensation in the feet. Symptom severity increased substantially with cumulative dose of chemotherapeutic agents. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy increase due to repeated chemotherapy and nursing intervention is necessary to reduce symptom severity and interference of ADL of CIPN.
Activities of Daily Living* ; Bridged Compounds ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Drug Therapy ; Foot ; Humans ; Neuralgia ; Nursing ; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases* ; Platinum* ; Sensation ; Taxoids*

OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted in order to determine the validity and reliability of the Korean Version of the Conners Adult ADHD Rating Scales-42 items & 26 items (K-CAARS-42 & K-CAARS-26) in nonclinical adult subjects. METHODS: The K-CAARS-42 & K-CAARS-26 was tested in non-clinical (n=270) native Korean-speakers. Internal consistency reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha and test-retest reliability was measured using Pearson correlations. To see validity, we performed the confirmatory factor analysis for determination of whether the four-factor model fit the data. RESULTS: The results showed that the subscales had acceptable internal consistency reliability and high test-retest reliability ; and the second-order scores showed significant correlation with the Korean version of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11-Revised and Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire. The Confirmatory factor analysis revealed a four-factor structure of both K-CAARS-42 and K-CAARS-26. CONCLUSION: The K-CAARS-42 & K-CAARS-26 is reliable and has possible utility for symptom assessment of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder in nonclinical adult subjects. Further research is needed in order to determine the cutoff score for administration of the K-CAARS-42 & K-CAARS-26 to clinical adult subjects.
Adult* ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity* ; Factor Analysis, Statistical ; Humans ; Memory ; Prospective Studies ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Reproducibility of Results* ; Retrospective Studies ; Symptom Assessment

PURPOSE: To draw attention to patient safety and increase its awareness among medical students, we developed a program that teaches patient safety based on common medical error cases. The aim of this study is to introduce this program and improve student receptivity to it. METHODS: As part of the "Patient, Doctor, and Society" course, third-year medical students participated in 8 hours of a medical error education program. Students discussed recent, typical medical lawsuits that were generated from internal medicine, surgery, pediatrics, obstetrics and gynecology, neurosurgery, medication, anesthesia, and blood transfusion cases. Students weighed these issues in small groups, using various discussion methods. After finishing the program, students completed a course evaluation questionnaire. RESULTS: The students rated this program as satisfactory, highly motivating, and helpful in preparing their future practices. They responded that although the cases were interesting, some were difficult. They stated that the small group discussion techniques encouraged them to take active part in the discussion and to consider the cases more deeply. CONCLUSION: Small group discussion of medical error cases is an effective method for students to study patient safety.
Anesthesia ; Blood Transfusion ; Group Processes ; Gynecology ; Humans ; Internal Medicine ; Malpractice ; Medical Errors ; Neurosurgery ; Obstetrics ; Patient Safety ; Pediatrics ; Safety Management ; Students, Medical ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to evaluate the possibility of prolonged culture of human embryonic stem cells (hESC; SNUhES2) on human amniotic fluid cells (hAFC), which had been storaged after karyotyping. METHOD: The hAFC was prepared for feeder layer in the presence of Chang's medium and STO medium (90% DMEM, 10% FBS) at 37degrees C in a 5% CO2 in air atmosphere. Prior to use as a feeder layer, hAFC was mitotically inactivated by mitomycin C. The hESCs on hAFC were passaged mechanically every seven days with ES culture medium (80% DMEM/F12, 20% SR, bFGF). RESULTS: The hAFC feeder layer support the growth of undifferentiated state of SNUhES2 for at least 59 passages thus far. SNUhES2 colonies on hAFC feeder appeared slightly angular and flatter shape as compared with circular and thicker colonies observed with STO feeder layer and showed higher level with complete undifferentiation in seven days. Like hESC cultured on STO feeders, SNUhES2 grown on hAFC expressed normal karyotype, positive for alkaline phosphatase activity, high telomerase activity, Oct-4, SSEA-3, SSEA-4, Tra-1-60 and Tra-1-81 and formed embryoid bodies (EBs). CONCLUSION: The hAFC supports undifferentiated growth of hESC. Therefore, these results may help to provide a clinically practicable method for expansion of hESC for cell therapies.
Alkaline Phosphatase ; Amniotic Fluid* ; Atmosphere ; Embryoid Bodies ; Embryonic Stem Cells* ; Feeder Cells ; Female ; Humans* ; Karyotype ; Karyotyping ; Mitomycin ; Telomerase

OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted in order to determine the validity and reliability of the Korean version of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11-Revised (K-BIS-11-R) in Nonclinical Adult Subjects. METHODS: The K-BIS-11-R was tested in non-clinical (n=270) native Korean-speakers. Internal consistency reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha and test-retest reliability was measured using Pearson correlations. To see external validity, we performed confirmatory factor analysis for determination of whether the three-factor model, proposed by the previous report, fit the data. RESULTS: According to the results, the K-BIS-11-R had an acceptable test-retest reliability and internal consistency reliability. In addition, the K-BIS-11-R total score and second-order subscale score showed significant correlation with Conners' Adult attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder Rating Scale-Korean and Buss & Durkee Hostility Inventory. In addition, no significant difference was observed between the K-BIS-11-R total score and demographic variables. Thus, the K-BIS-11-R total score was transformed to standard score. CONCLUSION: K-BIS-11-R is a reliable and valid measure and has possible utility for assessment of impulsiveness in nonclinical adult subjects. Further research is needed in order to determine the cutoff score for administration of K-BIS-11-R to clinical adult subjects.
Adult ; Factor Analysis, Statistical ; Hostility ; Humans ; Reproducibility of Results

PURPOSE: This study was intended to investigate the frequency of job performance of the Korean professional medical support staffs (PMSS).METHOD: The data of 1,666 PMSS from 36 hospitals and over 500 beds were analyzed. The participants were divided into 5 groups: advanced practice nurses (APN), clinical nurse experts, physician assistants (PA), coordinators, and others.RESULTS: Among the 5 main domains of job performance, advanced clinical practice has the highest frequency (111.36 d/y), followed by consultation/collaboration (75.66 d/y), education/counseling (53.54 d/y), leadership (23.90 d/y), and research (19.14 d/y). There was a significant difference in the frequency of job performance between the 5 groups of participants. The invasive activities were more frequent in the PA group. In the education and counseling domain, APNs had a higher level of job frequency than others (p < .001). In the research and leadership domains, APNs and coordinators had more prominent performance frequency than other groups (p < .01). However, there are some ambiguities in the job performance of the 5 groups depending on institutional characteristics.CONCLUSION: To establish the scope of work of PMSS, organizational and individual efforts are needed to promote and expand the leadership and research domains. To resolve the ambiguities of PMSS' roles, it is necessary to reorganize their titles.
Counseling ; Education ; Humans ; Job Description ; Leadership ; Methods ; Nurse Clinicians ; Physician Assistants ; Work Performance