No abstract available.
Tuberculosis*

No abstract available.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast*

BACKGROUND: The aim of this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was to evaluate dose effects of ephedrine pretreatment on the onset time and intubating conditions after cisatracurium administration. METHODS: A total of 140 adult patients were randomized into 4 groups to receive either 30 microg/kg ephedrine (Group 30, n = 35), 70 microg/kg ephedrine (Group 70, n = 35), 110 microg/kg ephedrine (Group 110, n = 35), 3 ml normal saline (Group C, n = 35) as pretreatment given 30 s before anesthetic induction. Neuromuscular block was achieved with 0.15 mg/kg cisatracurium, evaluated accelomyographically with train-of-four stimulation. An anesthesiologist blinded to patient grouping assessed the intubating conditions 1.5 min after cisatracurium administration. RESULTS: An onset time of 70 s was obtained in the ephedrine groups (Group 30: 155.4 +/- 44.7 s, Group 70: 152.6 +/- 40.3 s, Group 110: 151.2 +/- 51.6 s) compared to Group C (224.6 +/- 56.9 s) after 0.15 mg/kg of cisatracurium (P < 0.001). Ephedrine doses of either 70 or 110 microg/kg for pretreatment significantly improved intubating conditions (P < 0.05). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate at 1 min after tracheal intubation were significantly increased than other times in all groups (P < 0.001), with no differences among the groups. However, 5 patients in Group 110 experienced marked hypertension (systolic/diastolic blood pressure: > 200/100 mmHg) 1 min after tracheal intubation with no patients in other groups. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that pre-treatment with ephedrine 70 microg/kg improved intubating conditions 1.5 min after cisatracurium administration and facilitated the onset of neuromuscular block (70 s) without adverse hemodynamic effects.
Adult ; Blood Pressure ; Ephedrine* ; Heart Rate ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Intubation ; Neuromuscular Blockade

The explosive development of genomics technologies including microarrays and next generation sequencing (NGS) has provided comprehensive maps of cancer genomes, including the expression of mRNAs and microRNAs, DNA copy numbers, sequence variations, and epigenetic changes. These genome-wide profiles of the genetic aberrations could reveal the candidates for diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarkers as well as mechanistic insights into tumor development and progression. Recent efforts to establish the huge cancer genome compendium and integrative omics analyses, so-called "integromics", have extended our understanding on the cancer genome, showing its daunting complexity and heterogeneity. However, the challenges of the structured integration, sharing, and interpretation of the big omics data still remain to be resolved. Here, we review several issues raised in cancer omics data analysis, including NGS, focusing particularly on the study design and analysis strategies. This might be helpful to understand the current trends and strategies of the rapidly evolving cancer genomics research.
Coat Protein Complex I ; DNA ; Epigenomics ; Genome ; Genomics ; MicroRNAs ; Population Characteristics ; Research Design ; RNA, Messenger ; Statistics as Topic ; Biomarkers

The explosive development of genomics technologies including microarrays and next generation sequencing (NGS) has provided comprehensive maps of cancer genomes, including the expression of mRNAs and microRNAs, DNA copy numbers, sequence variations, and epigenetic changes. These genome-wide profiles of the genetic aberrations could reveal the candidates for diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarkers as well as mechanistic insights into tumor development and progression. Recent efforts to establish the huge cancer genome compendium and integrative omics analyses, so-called "integromics", have extended our understanding on the cancer genome, showing its daunting complexity and heterogeneity. However, the challenges of the structured integration, sharing, and interpretation of the big omics data still remain to be resolved. Here, we review several issues raised in cancer omics data analysis, including NGS, focusing particularly on the study design and analysis strategies. This might be helpful to understand the current trends and strategies of the rapidly evolving cancer genomics research.
Coat Protein Complex I ; DNA ; Epigenomics ; Genome ; Genomics ; MicroRNAs ; Population Characteristics ; Research Design ; RNA, Messenger ; Statistics as Topic ; Biomarkers

Cardiovascular complications have emerged as the leading cause of death after liver transplantation, particularly among those with advanced liver cirrhosis. Therefore, a thorough and accurate cardiovascular evaluation with clear comprehension of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy is recommended for optimal anesthetic management. However, cirrhotic patients manifest cardiac dysfunction concomitant with pronounced systemic hemodynamic changes, characterized by hyperdynamic circulation such as increased cardiac output, high heart rate, and decreased systemic vascular resistance. These unique features mask significant manifestations of cardiac dysfunction at rest, which makes it difficult to accurately evaluate cardiovascular status. In this review, we have summarized the current knowledge of heart and liver interactions, focusing on the usefulness and limitations of cardiac evaluation tools for identifying high-risk patients.
Autonomic Nervous System ; Cardiac Output, High ; Cardiomyopathies ; Cause of Death ; Comprehension ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Echocardiography ; Heart ; Heart Rate ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Liver Transplantation* ; Liver* ; Masks ; Vascular Resistance