Under-occlusion (‘infraocclusion’ as defined in the natural teeth) after implant restoration in the posterior area is commonly encountered in clinical practice;however, it has rarely been reported. Most importantly, the under-occlusion change mechanism remains unknown. The purpose of this case report was to analyze how the dentition of both arches changed in a patient, including teeth tilting, elongation and occlusal plane change with under-occlusion of the posterior implant restoration after long-term function. Based on this, we hypothesized a mechanism of under-occlusion of the posterior implant restoration. Among patients showing the under-occlusion phenomenon, three patients who had a long-term follow-up and had a model produced at the time of restoration were enrolled. The dentition changes were analyzed via digital scanning and superimposition of the model at the time of restoration, with the current model showing under-occlusion. Based on the result of superimposition, tooth elongation occurs mainly in the maxilla, and two types of positional changes occur in the mandible, specifically in the anterior-superior and posteriorinferior direction. The mechanism of under-occlusion of the posterior implant could be the result of tooth elongation and the relative positional change of the mandible.

Under-occlusion (‘infraocclusion’ as defined in the natural teeth) after implant restoration in the posterior area is commonly encountered in clinical practice;however, it has rarely been reported. Most importantly, the under-occlusion change mechanism remains unknown. The purpose of this case report was to analyze how the dentition of both arches changed in a patient, including teeth tilting, elongation and occlusal plane change with under-occlusion of the posterior implant restoration after long-term function. Based on this, we hypothesized a mechanism of under-occlusion of the posterior implant restoration. Among patients showing the under-occlusion phenomenon, three patients who had a long-term follow-up and had a model produced at the time of restoration were enrolled. The dentition changes were analyzed via digital scanning and superimposition of the model at the time of restoration, with the current model showing under-occlusion. Based on the result of superimposition, tooth elongation occurs mainly in the maxilla, and two types of positional changes occur in the mandible, specifically in the anterior-superior and posteriorinferior direction. The mechanism of under-occlusion of the posterior implant could be the result of tooth elongation and the relative positional change of the mandible.

Under-occlusion (‘infraocclusion’ as defined in the natural teeth) after implant restoration in the posterior area is commonly encountered in clinical practice;however, it has rarely been reported. Most importantly, the under-occlusion change mechanism remains unknown. The purpose of this case report was to analyze how the dentition of both arches changed in a patient, including teeth tilting, elongation and occlusal plane change with under-occlusion of the posterior implant restoration after long-term function. Based on this, we hypothesized a mechanism of under-occlusion of the posterior implant restoration. Among patients showing the under-occlusion phenomenon, three patients who had a long-term follow-up and had a model produced at the time of restoration were enrolled. The dentition changes were analyzed via digital scanning and superimposition of the model at the time of restoration, with the current model showing under-occlusion. Based on the result of superimposition, tooth elongation occurs mainly in the maxilla, and two types of positional changes occur in the mandible, specifically in the anterior-superior and posteriorinferior direction. The mechanism of under-occlusion of the posterior implant could be the result of tooth elongation and the relative positional change of the mandible.

Under-occlusion (‘infraocclusion’ as defined in the natural teeth) after implant restoration in the posterior area is commonly encountered in clinical practice;however, it has rarely been reported. Most importantly, the under-occlusion change mechanism remains unknown. The purpose of this case report was to analyze how the dentition of both arches changed in a patient, including teeth tilting, elongation and occlusal plane change with under-occlusion of the posterior implant restoration after long-term function. Based on this, we hypothesized a mechanism of under-occlusion of the posterior implant restoration. Among patients showing the under-occlusion phenomenon, three patients who had a long-term follow-up and had a model produced at the time of restoration were enrolled. The dentition changes were analyzed via digital scanning and superimposition of the model at the time of restoration, with the current model showing under-occlusion. Based on the result of superimposition, tooth elongation occurs mainly in the maxilla, and two types of positional changes occur in the mandible, specifically in the anterior-superior and posteriorinferior direction. The mechanism of under-occlusion of the posterior implant could be the result of tooth elongation and the relative positional change of the mandible.

Under-occlusion (‘infraocclusion’ as defined in the natural teeth) after implant restoration in the posterior area is commonly encountered in clinical practice;however, it has rarely been reported. Most importantly, the under-occlusion change mechanism remains unknown. The purpose of this case report was to analyze how the dentition of both arches changed in a patient, including teeth tilting, elongation and occlusal plane change with under-occlusion of the posterior implant restoration after long-term function. Based on this, we hypothesized a mechanism of under-occlusion of the posterior implant restoration. Among patients showing the under-occlusion phenomenon, three patients who had a long-term follow-up and had a model produced at the time of restoration were enrolled. The dentition changes were analyzed via digital scanning and superimposition of the model at the time of restoration, with the current model showing under-occlusion. Based on the result of superimposition, tooth elongation occurs mainly in the maxilla, and two types of positional changes occur in the mandible, specifically in the anterior-superior and posteriorinferior direction. The mechanism of under-occlusion of the posterior implant could be the result of tooth elongation and the relative positional change of the mandible.

BACKGROUND: Korean national cancer screening program selected fecal occult blood test (FOBT) as a primary screening method of colorectal carcinoma in adult > or =50 yr old irrespective of symptom. Notice to pre-analytical errors is especially important for the FOBT because examinees collect and submit their specimens to laboratories by themselves. We examined the influences of the fecal storage temperatures, durations and with or without buffer on the FOBT results. METHODS: Thirty FOBT-positive specimens above 100 ng/mL were used for the study from July to August 2008. Quantitative FOBT was performed with OC-sensors II (Eiken Chemical Co., Japan). Each specimen was divided into 4 groups. Two groups in plastic buffer-free containers were kept either at 4degrees C or room temperature (25-28degrees C), respectively. Another two groups in buffer-tubes were also kept either at 4degrees C or room temperature. Each group was repeatedly examined with same method every 24 hr up to 120 hr. RESULTS: Eleven specimens (36.7%) in buffer-free containers converted to negative results (below the 100 ng/mL) after 24 hr and 17 specimens (56.7%) did after 48 hr at room temperature. Ten specimens (33.3%) in buffer-free containers converted to negative after 48 hr at 4degrees C. Specimens contained in buffer-tubes showed little change; 3 specimens (10.0%) at room temperature and no specimen at 4degrees C showed negative conversions after 48 hr. CONCLUSIONS: Buffer-tube minimizes false negative FOBT results during pre-analytical delay of specimen. The examinees using buffer-free containers need to be educated to hand in their specimens to laboratories as soon as possible.
Buffers ; Colorectal Neoplasms/*diagnosis ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; *Occult Blood ; *Specimen Handling ; Temperature ; Time Factors

Background: Nonpharmacological interventions (NPIs) reduce the incidence of respiratory infections. After NPIs imposed during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic ceased, respiratory infections gradually increased worldwide. However, few studies have been conducted on severe respiratory infections requiring hospitalization in pediatric patients.This study compares epidemiological changes in severe respiratory infections during pre-NPI, NPI, and post-NPI periods in order to evaluate the effect of that NPI on severe respiratory infections in children. Methods: We retrospectively studied data collected at 13 Korean sentinel sites from January 2018 to October 2022 that were lodged in the national Severe Acute Respiratory Infections (SARIs) surveillance database. Results: A total of 9,631 pediatric patients were admitted with SARIs during the pre-NPI period, 579 during the NPI period, and 1,580 during the post-NPI period. During the NPI period, the number of pediatric patients hospitalized with severe respiratory infections decreased dramatically, thus from 72.1 per 1,000 to 6.6 per 1,000. However, after NPIs ceased, the number increased to 22.8 per 1,000. During the post-NPI period, the positive test rate increased to the level noted before the pandemic. Conclusion Strict NPIs including school and daycare center closures effectively reduced severe respiratory infections requiring hospitalization of children. However, childcare was severely compromised. To prepare for future respiratory infections, there is a need to develop a social consensus on NPIs that are appropriate for children.

Background: The advent of the omicron variant and the formulation of diverse therapeutic strategies marked a new epoch in the realm of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Studies have compared the clinical outcomes between COVID-19 and seasonal influenza, but such studies were conducted during the early stages of the pandemic when effective treatment strategies had not yet been developed, which limits the generalizability of the findings.Therefore, an updated evaluation of the comparative analysis of clinical outcomes between COVID-19 and seasonal influenza is requisite. Methods: This study used data from the severe acute respiratory infection surveillance system of South Korea. We extracted data for influenza patients who were infected between 2018 and 2019 and COVID-19 patients who were infected in 2021 (pre-omicron period) and 2022 (omicron period). Comparisons of outcomes were conducted among the pre-omicron, omicron, and influenza cohorts utilizing propensity score matching. The adjusted covariates in the propensity score matching included age, sex, smoking, and comorbidities. Results: The study incorporated 1,227 patients in the pre-omicron cohort, 1,948 patients in the omicron cohort, and 920 patients in the influenza cohort. Following propensity score matching, 491 patients were included in each respective group. Clinical presentations exhibited similarities between the pre-omicron and omicron cohorts; however, COVID-19 patients demonstrated a higher prevalence of dyspnea and pulmonary infiltrates compared to their influenza counterparts. Both COVID-19 groups exhibited higher in-hospital mortality and longer hospital length of stay than the influenza group. The omicron group showed no significant improvement in clinical outcomes compared to the pre-omicron group. Conclusion The omicron group did not demonstrate better clinical outcomes than the pre-omicron group, and exhibited significant disease severity compared to the influenza group. Considering the likely persistence of COVID-19 infections, it is imperative to sustain comprehensive studies and ongoing policy support for the virus to enhance the prognosis for individuals affected by COVID-19.

In November 2021, 14 international travel-related severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) B.1.1.529 (omicron) variant of concern (VOC) patients were detected in South Korea. Epidemiologic investigation revealed community transmission of the omicron VOC. A total of 80 SARS-CoV-2 omicron VOC-positive patients were identified until December 10, 2021 and 66 of them reported no relation to the international travel.There may be more transmissions with this VOC in Korea than reported.