Currently, fixation with "absorbable plates and screws" is widely used for the treatment of facial bone fracture. But it is carefully used for mandible fracture, because it needs much stronger skeletal stability caused by deviation in part of fracture. And there are some complications by using it. We need "absorbable plates and screws" depending on the case of fracture site of mandible and combined fracture. And it was classified favorable or unfavorable fracture according to the aspect of fracture site. In favorable fracture without deviation of symphysis, only "one absorbable plate and screws" has been used, and in unfavorable fracture, we used "two absorbable plates and screws". In the cases of body and angle fracture, "two absorbable plates and screws" have been used because there is more underneath load in body and angle fracture than in symphysis fracture. As this way, we basically used Biosorb FX(R) 2.0 system and applied 21 patients in 34 cases. Finally, we got enough skeletal stability in mandibular fracture and there were not any complications such as malocclusion, ununion and late tissue response. So we report these results along with document consideration.
Facial Bones ; Humans ; Malocclusion ; Mandible* ; Mandibular Fractures

BACKGROUNDS: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome(OSA) can divided into two groups, positional (PP) and non-positional(NPP) obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, according to the body position while sleeping. In this study, we evaluated the differences of anthropometirc data and polysomnographic recordings between the two types of sleep apnea syndrome. MATERIALS: Fifty patients with OSA were divided two groups by Cartwright's criteria. The supine respiratory disturbance index (RDI) was at least two times higher than the lateral RDI in the PP group, and the supine RDI was less than twice the lateral RDI in the NPP group. This patients underwent standardized polysomnographic recordings. The anthropometirc data and polysomnographic data were analyzed, statistically. RESULTS: Of all 50 patients, 30% were found to be positional OSA. BMI was significantly higher in the PP group(p<0.05). Total sleep time was significantly longer in the PP group (350.6±46.0min, p<0.05). Sleep efficiency was high in the PP group(89.6± 6.4%, 85.6±9.9%, p<0.05). Deep sleep was significantly higher and light sleep was lower in the PP group than in the NPP group but no difference was observed in REM sleep between the two groups. Apnea index(AI) and RDI were significantly lower(17.0±10.6, 28.5±13.3, p<0.05) and mean arterial oxygen saturation was higher in the PP group(92.7 ±1.8%, p<0.05) than in the NPP group. CONCLUSION: Body position during sleep has a profound effect on the frequency and severity of breathing abnormalities in OSA patients. A polysomnographic evaluation for suspected OSA patients must include monitoring of the body position. Breathing function in OSA patients can be improved by controlling their obesity and through postural therapy.
Apnea ; Humans ; Obesity ; Oxygen ; Polysomnography ; Respiration ; Sleep Apnea Syndromes ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive* ; Sleep, REM

No abstract available.
Acinar Cells* ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle* ; Carcinoma, Acinar Cell* ; Parotid Gland*

Purpose: The purpose of this program is to develop an educational program to improve the nursing management competency of middle-level nursing managers. Methods: The program outline is based on the results of the Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) and Systematic Review (SR). Also performed the content validity accordingly. Results: The result of the concepts are derived from 6 competencies for planning process, 4 competencies for organizing process, 4 competencies for staffing process, 26 competencies for directing process, and 12 competencies for controlling process by integrating IPA and SR. This outline of the program was constructed according to the derived integrated concept and both content validity and structured outline were interpreted as valid. Conclusion This suggests that middle-level managers need a systematic program and support to effectively lead the organization by recognizing the importance rather than performance.

BACKGROUND: Green tea extracts are approved as nonprescription drug and available as health functional foods, health foods, and beverages. Clinical information on the products is lacking. METHODS: Information about the products on green tea nonprescription drugs was obtained from the website of the Korea Pharmaceutical Information Center. The Naver, i.e., a top ranking online search portal, was used for compiling the list of the health functional food products using key words of ‘green tea catechin’ on August 23, 2018. The recommended daily dosages of catechins were calculated as 30% of the total dried mass of green tea and about 50% of the catechins were considered as epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). RESULTS: A total of two types of nonprescription drugs containing green tea powder or extracts, nine health functional food products, and three types of health foods were found. The regulatory requirements of the EGCG exceeding 800 mg were reported to be associated with adverse effects of elevated liver enzyme. If consumers take several green tea products concurrently, such as nonprescription drugs with health functional foods or health foods, it could exceed the recommended amount of EGCG. CONCLUSION: The concurrent use of green tea products as nonprescription drugs, health functional foods, and healthy foods may lead to an increased exposure to EGCG. Pharmacists should be aware the availability of various types of green tea products and the potential risk of liver toxicity due to excessive consumption of EGCG.
Beverages ; Catechin ; Functional Food ; Humans ; Information Centers ; Korea ; Liver ; Nonprescription Drugs ; Pharmacists ; Tea* ; Weight Loss*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Infant* ; Leukemia, Megakaryoblastic, Acute* ; Sarcoma, Myeloid*

We report a case of intravenous infusion amiodarone induced acute hepatitis, occurs within 1 day after initiation of drug in a 72-year-old woman with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Liver function test before intravenous infusion amiodarone treatment was normal. She was treated with intravenous infusion amiodarone, and then developed acute hepatitis next day. We suspected drug induced hepatitis due to intravenous infusion amiodarone. The liver function test returned to normal after the amiodarone was stopped. We described an unusual case which intravenous infusion amiodarone induced acute hepatitis within.
Aged ; Amiodarone* ; Atrial Fibrillation* ; Female ; Hepatitis* ; Humans ; Infusions, Intravenous* ; Liver Function Tests

BACKGROUND: Dyspnea and a limitation in exercise performance are important cause of disability in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). A depleted nutritional state is a common problem in pati ents with a severe degree of chronic airflow limitation. This study was carried out to assess the factors determining the maximum exercise capacity in patients with COPD. METHODS: The resting pulmonary function, nutritional status, and maximum exercise performance was assessed in 83 stable patients with moderate to severe COPD. The nutritional status was evaluated by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Maximum exercise performance was evaluated by maximum oxygen uptake(VO2max). RESULTS: Among the 83 patients, 59% were characterized by nutritional depletion. In the delpleted group, a significantly lower peak expiratory flow rate(p<0.05), Kco(p<0.01) and maximum inspiratory pressure(p<0.05), but a significantly higher airway resistance(p<0.05) was observed. The maximum oxygen uptake and the peak oxygen pulse were lower in the depleted group. The VO2max correlated with some of the measures of the body composition : fat-free mass (FFM), fat mass (FM), body mass index(BMI), intracellular water index (ICW index), and pulmonary function: forced vital capacity(FVC), forced inspiratory vital capacity(FIVC), diffusion capacity(DLCO) : or maximum respiratory pressure: maximum inspiratory pressure(PImax), maximum expiratory pressure(PEmax). Stepwise regression analysis demonstrated that the FFM, DLCO and FIVC accounted for 68.8% of the variation in the VO2max. CONCLUSIONS: The depletion of the FFM is significant factor for predicting the maximum exercise performance in patients with moderated to severe COPD.
Body Composition ; Diffusion ; Dyspnea ; Electric Impedance ; Humans ; Nutritional Status ; Oxygen ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive*

We describe a case of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus(lDDM) with a mutation at nucleotide 3243 of mitochondrial DNA. A 24-years-old female presented with recurrent episodes of generalised tonic clonic seizures, cognitive decline, short stature, bilateral sensory neural hearing loss, bilateral optic neuropathy, lactic acidosis, and basal ganglia calcifications in addition to IDDM. Maternal transmission of the disease was suggested, by the fact that her mother have died of diabetic complications of the age of 50. Heteroplasmy of wild type and mutant mitochondrial DNA derived from peripheral leucocytes was detected by Apa I digestion of the polymerase chain reaction products amplified with a set of primer for tBNALUR(UUR) Adenosin-to guanidine substitution, occurring at nucleotide position 3243 in tRNALUR(UUR) gene in comparison with reference sequences was confirmed.
Acidosis, Lactic ; Basal Ganglia ; Diabetes Complications ; Diabetes Mellitus* ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 ; Digestion ; DNA, Mitochondrial* ; Female ; Guanidine ; Hearing Loss, Bilateral ; Humans ; Insulin* ; MELAS Syndrome ; Mothers ; Optic Nerve Diseases ; Point Mutation* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Seizures

OBJECTIVES: The Korean government in January 2006 instigated an exemption policy for hospitalized children under the age of six years old. This study examines how this policy affected the utilization of medical care in Korea. METHODS: A total of 1,513,797 claim records from the Health Insurance Review Agency were analyzed by complete enumeration methods. The changes of medical utilization were compared from 2005 to 2006. In addition, the changes of medical utilization between 2004 and 2005 were compared as a pseudocontrol group. RESULTS: The admission rate increased 1.14-fold from 15.20% in 2004 to 17.32% in 2005, and this further increased 1.08-fold to 18.65% in 2006. The increase of patients with a common cold (1.2-fold) was higher than that of both the general patients (1.08-fold) and the patients with the top 10 fatal diseases (0.91-fold). The average length of stay per case for clinics showed the highest increase rates (1.06-fold). The rates of patients with the common cold showed a higher increase (1.05-fold) than that of the general patients. The average medical expense per case was increased by 1.10-fold from 2005 to 2006, which was higher than that from 2004 to 2005 (1.04-fold). The increase rate for patients with the common cold was higher at 1.18-fold than that of the general patients. CONCLUSIONS: The cost exemption policy has especially led to an increase in the utilization of clinics and the utilization by patients with a common cold.
Child, Preschool ; Cost Sharing/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *Health Policy ; Health Services/*utilization ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Insurance Claim Review ; Korea ; Length of Stay