We experienced a case of acquired bronchial stenosis in a male premature infant who had recurrent postextubation atelectasis of the right lung. Bronchography showed the stenosis of the distal portion of right main bronchus and the proximal portion of intermediate bronchus and autopsy findings showed ill-defined irregularly elevated nodule with fibrotic scarring in the trifurcation of right main bronchus. Endotracheal suction was suspected as the main cause. A brief review of literature was made.
Autopsy ; Bronchi ; Bronchography ; Cicatrix ; Constriction, Pathologic* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Lung ; Male ; Pulmonary Atelectasis ; Suction*

Accessory breast is an ectopic breast tissue from developemental remnants. It sometimes begins to make symptoms, pain and swelling, during premenstrual period or pregnancy. For it has been known as a rere condition, it has occasionally misdiagnosed as a abnormal mass, such as lymphadenitis or hidradenitis. We have analyzed 52 accessory breast tissues prospectively, to document the characteristic findings of accessory breast. In summary, the characteristic sonographic findings of accessory breast were the presence of breast tissue superficial to the axillary fascia or underlying fascia if not in axilla, resembling the patient's own breast pattern, the presence of converging appearance of dilated ducts, presence of nipple and/or areola, the obliteration of inner wall of dermis, the obliteration of sucutaneous fat layer, and the downward displacement of axillary fascia or underlying fascia if not in axilla wighout interruption.
Axilla ; Breast* ; Dermis ; Fascia ; Hidradenitis ; Lymphadenitis ; Nipples ; Pregnancy ; Prospective Studies ; Ultrasonography

Development of a malignant tumor within a mature cystic teratoma is a serious event, and occurs in about 1%~4% of cases. The malignant transformation occurs most frequently in the squamous epithelium with the formation of a squamous cell carcinoma. There are 10 cases reported in the literature, in Korea. We report 4 additional cases, which include 3 squamous cell carcinomas and 1 adenosquamous carcinomas, arising in cystic teratoma of the ovary.

PURPOSE: Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL or AML, M3) represents an unique model for cancer research in terms of biological and clinical features. Since 1988, it has been widely confirmed that all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) can induce complete clinical remission in over 85% of APL patients by a differentiation process, with PML-RARalpha protein possibly being the direct target of ATRA. However, ATRA treatment has two clinical limitations, namely, retinoic acid syndrome and retinoic resistance. Recently, it has been shown that arsenic trioxide used in some traditional Chinese remedy is very effective in retinoic resistant APL treatment. We tried to observe arsenic effect on cell lines and APL patient cells. MEHTODS: We investigated arsenic trioxide-induced apoptosis on APL, HL60, K562, KPH1 cell lines through MTT assay, DNA fragmentation assay and morphologic features. RESULTS: In MTT assay, cell survival rate decreased as the concentration of arsenic trioxide increased. In DNA fragmentation assay with HL60 cell line, DNA fragmentation was more frequent in high concentrations of arsenic trioxide than in low concentrations. During arsenic trioxide treatment, the morphologic change in bone marrow cells of APL patient, included nuclear differentiation and dark cytoplasmic granule during arsenic trioxide treatment. Serum arsenic reached peak level at 4hr after injection. We experienced a case of a 9-year-old male with APL who had relapsed after cessation of retinoic acid treatment. The patient successfully achieved remission following arsenic trioxide treatment without bone marrow depression and exacerbating bleeding diathesis. CONCLUSION: Arsenic trioxide can be used effectively to treat APL patients by inducing apoptosis and partial differentiation in tumor cells. The precise cellular and molecular mechanisms of its therapeutic effects remain to be determined.
Apoptosis ; Arsenic* ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Bone Marrow ; Bone Marrow Cells ; Cell Line ; Cell Survival ; Child ; Cytoplasmic Granules ; Depression ; Disease Susceptibility ; DNA Fragmentation ; Hemorrhage ; HL-60 Cells ; Humans ; Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute* ; Male ; Tretinoin

Foreign body aspiration (FBA) is a common accident in young children. Undiagnosed and retained foreign bodies may result in severe early and late complications such as asphyxia, pneumonia, atelectasis and bronchiectasis. Moreover, because it can mimic bronchiolitis, croup or asthma, an accurate history and a high index of suspicion are of paramount importance for early diagnosis. With our experience on bronchial FBA initially misdiagnosed as acute bronchiolitis, we emphasize that a minute radiological finding should not be neglected and a repeat chest radiograph may be helpful when the initial study shows normal findings. Multidetector computed tomography is a very useful noninvasive diagnostic modality for FBA.
Asphyxia ; Asthma ; Bronchi ; Bronchiectasis ; Bronchiolitis ; Child ; Croup ; Early Diagnosis ; Foreign Bodies* ; Humans ; Multidetector Computed Tomography ; Pneumonia ; Pulmonary Atelectasis ; Radiography, Thoracic

PURPOSE: Metabolic bone diseases have been major problems in children with renal diseases and steroid treatment is the main precipitating factor reducing bone mineral density(BMD). This study was performed to assess the prevalence of osteoporosis and to evaluate the clinical factors associated with decreased BMD in children with renal diseases. METHODS: Forty-four children with renal diseases who were diagnosed at the pediatric nephrology division of Ajou University hospital since Oct. 1994 were included. Using a new quantitative ultrasound device, BMD and the prevalence of osteoporosis were evaluated. The clinical and serological data were analyzed in association with decreased BMD. RESULTS: A total of 44 patients were evaluated. The age at initial diagnosis was 6.7+/-4.2 years. At the time of evaluation, the chronological and bone age was 9.3+/-4.2 years and 8.2+/-4.6 years, respectively. The renal diseases included nephrotic syndrome 24(54.5%), Henoch Schonlein purpura nephritis 7(15.9%), IgA nephropathy 6(13.9%), reflux nephropathy(RN) 2 (4.5%), and other renal disease 5(%). The prevalence of osteoporosis was 11%. There was no difference in the clinical factors between the long-term and the short-term treated steroid groups. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of osteoporosis was 12% in 44 children with renal diseases. No significant factor was found in association with decreased BMD and there was no relationship between osteoporosis and steroid usage duration or cumulative dose. A new quantitative ultrasound, which is relatively easy to perform, especially in children, is expected to be in common use and will enable clinicians to evaluate metabolic bone disorders with ease.
Bone Density ; Bone Diseases, Metabolic ; Child ; Diagnosis ; Equidae* ; Glomerulonephritis, IGA ; Humans ; Nephritis ; Nephrology ; Nephrotic Syndrome ; Osteoporosis ; Precipitating Factors ; Prevalence ; Purpura, Schoenlein-Henoch ; Ultrasonography*

A total of 213 fine needle aspirations from pulmonary lesions in 193 patients performed from January, 1986 to March, 1989 were analyzed. The cytologic diagnoses were unsatisfactory in 10, negative in 60, atypical in 6, suspicious in 11 and malignant in 126 cases. The cytologic types of the malignant cases were 47 squamous cell carcinomas, 40 adenocarcinomas, 10 small cell carcinomas, 6 large cell carcinomas and 10 metastatic tumors. They were verified by the histologic confirmation in 31 cases and by the clinical data in the remainder. There were 5 false-negative cases and none was false-positive, representing 96% sensitivity and 100% specificity. Primary lung cancers were accurately typed in 73% of histologically confirmed case. Cell blocks, prepared in 99 cases, were helpful in tumor typing of 11 cases.
Neoplasm Metastasis ; Lung Neoplasms

No abstract available.
Glycogen Storage Disease*

Extrarenal Wilms' tumor is extremely rare and occurs predominantly in children. There are less than 50 well-documented cases of extrarenal Wilms' tumor in the literature. Herein, a case of extrarenal Wilms' tumor, whose mass was found in the inguinal region during an operation for the cryptorchidism, is reported in a 2 year old child with a brief review of literature. This case report illustrates the importance of pathologic examination of similar soft masses, found incidentally during operations.
Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cryptorchidism ; Humans ; Male ; Wilms Tumor*

No abstract available.
Allografts* ; Parturition* ; Pregnancy*