This study was performed to assess the effect of one year's of meal service for home-staying urban elderly with low incole on their nutritional status. One hundred and eighty three subjects, who had already completed the first nutritional survey, were assigned to two group : meal served(served) and non-meal served(non-served). A meal containing approximately on half of the RDA for energy, protein, calcium and iron was served as lunch everyday to served group. After on year of meal service, follow-up-nutritional survey was done and changes of parameters were analyzed with paired t-test. Served female showed signficantly increased intake of riboflavin and calcium, while non-served female showed significantly decreased intake of calcium. Serum total protein, serum albumin and serum cholesterol were significantly increased in female regardless of meal service. Served remale was observed with significantly elevated LDL-cholesterol, whereas non-served female showed singnificantly lowered HDL-cholesterol. Significantly decreased serum iron, serum transferrin saturaion and significantly increased TIBC were observed for female regardless of meal service. But the proportion of anemic elderly according to Hb or serum iron was decreased more in served group. Female showed significantly increased serum zinc and copper regardless of meal service, whereas only served male showed significantly increased serum copper.
Aged* ; Calcium ; Cholesterol ; Copper ; Female ; Humans ; Iron ; Lunch ; Male ; Meals* ; Nutrition Surveys ; Nutritional Status ; Riboflavin ; Serum Albumin ; Transferrin ; Zinc

No abstract available.
Aged* ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; Nutritional Status*

A purpose of present study is to provide basic information evaluating the utility of Magnetic Resonance imaging as a biological marker estimating manganese effects to central nervous system among welders, which is conducted by comparing urinary and blood manganese concentrations and signal intensities of brain MR images between exposed group and non-exposed group, evaluating the objectivity of subjective grading estimated by correlations between Pallidal signal intensity index (P. I) and subjective grades among exposed group, and comparing the difference of signal intensities according to presence of neurologic symptoms, signs and exposure variables among the exposed group. The exposed group is composed of 11 welders complaining severe symptoms or showing neurological signs, and the non-exposed group is composed of 5 patients who admitted a hospital. Urinary manganese concentrations and signal intensities in T1-weighted MR images among exposed group were higher than those of the non-exposed group significantly, which exhibits that increased signal intensities in T1-weighted MR image represent the effect of manganese exposure. P. Is among the exposed group revealed relatively high correlations with subjective grades ( gamma =0.63, p=0.037) , which suggests the objectivity of subjective grade. Signal intensity in globus pallidus was a suitable single variable representing the effect of manganese accumulation in C.N.S system appropriately, which was verified as follows ; Increased signal intensities among the exposed group had the highest frequency and intensity in the globus pallidus, and the P.I. had a relatively high correlation coefficient ( gamma 0.62, p=0.044) with total score of subjective grades. Signal intensity with subjective grading in globus pallidus represented very high correlation gamma =0.97, p=0.00) with total score of subjective grades, and had a similar correlation coefficient with many variables. It is hard to argue that signal intensities are markers representing pathologic change in C.N.S system or can be used as a diagnostic tool for manganese intoxication, because signal intensities had no difference between the exposed group and the non-exposed group according to presence of neurological signs.
Biological Markers ; Brain ; Central Nervous System ; Globus Pallidus ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Male* ; Manganese ; Neurologic Manifestations

No abstract available.
Cyclosporine* ; Scleredema Adultorum*

The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of nutrition education program and pamphlet for the lower grades elementary students focused on individual daily needed food exchange units using Food Exchange System. Program consisted of four lessons (40 min/lesson), "5 major nutrients & function", "6 food group and sources", "daily needed food exchange units for normal body weight", and "smart snack choice and exercise". Pamphlet as activity book was developed for the program. The subjects were 3rd grade elementary students (educated group, 31 vs. non-educated group, 31). Educated group were lessoned as group and/or individual. We examined the differences in nutrition knowledge, dietary attitudes, dietary intakes and satisfaction of the program and pamphlet. In educated group, there were positive improvements on nutrition knowledge score "function and foods of 5 nutrients" and on dietary attitudes "type of breakfast and snacks". In the evaluation of dietary intakes according to KDRI, there were positive improvements on intakes level of riboflavin, vit. C, folate, Ca, P, Fe and Zn in educated group. In satisfaction with the program and pamphlet, contents, font size, visual, figure, difficulty and program curriculum were over 2.90/3.0. It showed that the developed nutrition education program and pamphlet focused on individual daily needed food exchange units using Food Exchange System improved nutrition knowledge, dietary attitudes and nutrients intake level in the lower grades elementary students.
Breakfast ; Curriculum ; Folic Acid ; Humans ; Pamphlets ; Riboflavin ; Snacks

Torticollis is an usual symptom that can be the result of various disorders, such as sternocleidomastoid muscle pathology, bony abnormalities of the cervical spine, disorders of the central or peripheral nervous system, various ocular diseases, and brain tumors, especially in children. A 12-month-old male visited our hospital because of torticollis. He was normal on systemic examination, with no neurological abnormality, and his cervical spine CT was also normal. About 4 weeks later, he revisited the emergency department due to vomiting with altered mental status, and was diagnosed with a cerebellar tumor with hemorrhage. Although torticollis is known to be an important sign of a posterior fossa tumor, associated neurological or ocular symptoms are usually present. We report here a patient with posterior fossa tumor where torticollis was the only initial presenting symptom.

Torticollis is an usual symptom that can be the result of various disorders, such as sternocleidomastoid muscle pathology, bony abnormalities of the cervical spine, disorders of the central or peripheral nervous system, various ocular diseases, and brain tumors, especially in children. A 12-month-old male visited our hospital because of torticollis. He was normal on systemic examination, with no neurological abnormality, and his cervical spine CT was also normal. About 4 weeks later, he revisited the emergency department due to vomiting with altered mental status, and was diagnosed with a cerebellar tumor with hemorrhage. Although torticollis is known to be an important sign of a posterior fossa tumor, associated neurological or ocular symptoms are usually present. We report here a patient with posterior fossa tumor where torticollis was the only initial presenting symptom.
Nervous System Diseases ; Torticollis

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to integrate and synthesize findings from qualitative studies exploring male students' experiences of adapting to nursing education programs so as to obtain further understanding of the phenomenon. METHODS: The meta-synthesis process was primarily guided by Noblit and Hare's approach, which consists of four stages including searching, appraisal of an individual study's quality, data extraction for analysis, and meta-synthesizing the results. RESULTS: Findings from the literature reviewed were synthesized into six themes: 1) extraordinary choice based on job stability and gender scarcity; 2) unexpected feeling of marginalization as minority far apart from the mainstream; 3) assimilation and negotiation for relational adaptation through perspective shift; 4) fortifying the vision and identity as nursing students by meaning making for adapting to the nursing major; 5) mutual support among colleague male students; and 6) serving in the military as way of hiding out and achieving maturation. CONCLUSION: The findings illustrate that nursing education programs need practical changes promoting male students' adaptation to the program itself as well as preparation to be a professional nurse in the future.
Data Accuracy ; Education, Nursing* ; Humans ; Male* ; Military Personnel ; Negotiating ; Nursing* ; Qualitative Research ; Students, Nursing

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Because treatment duration directly influences both patient compliance and side effects in the eradication of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), shortening the duration remains the main goal of therapeutic strategies. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of short-term regimen (weekend therapy) for curing the H. pylori infection. METHODS: Twenty-eight patients with H. pylori-positive peptic ulcer received omeprazole 40 mg once daily for 7 days (from Monday to Sunday), bismuth 240 mg q.i.d., amoxicillin 1 g q.i.d., and metronidazole 500 mg q.i.d. for only 2 days (Saturday and Sunday). We compared the eradication rate with that of seventy-eight patients with H. pylori-positive peptic ulcer who had received either OAC (omeprazole, amoxicillin, and clarithromycin) or BMA (bismuth, metronidazole, and amoxicillin) regimens during the same period. H. pylori infection was assessed before treatment by rapid urease test or histologic examination. Four weeks after the end of treatment, the infection was also assessed by rapid urease test, histologic examination or urea breath test in weekend group and by urea breath test in control group. RESULTS: H. pylori eradication rates were 61.1% by per-protocol analysis and 39.3% by intention-to-treatment analysis. There were no treatment associated serious side effects, and only one patient (5.6%) showed mild epigastric discomfort. All patients completed the course of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Weekend therapy have relatively low eradication rate, however, this therapeutic approach is safe and shows good compliance for the treatment of H. pylori infection.
Amoxicillin ; Bismuth ; Breath Tests ; Compliance ; Helicobacter pylori* ; Helicobacter* ; Humans ; Metronidazole ; Omeprazole ; Patient Compliance ; Peptic Ulcer ; Urea ; Urease

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) can survive in the acid milieu of stomach by producing urease, which generates acid neutralizing ammonia by splitting gastric urea and creates a satisfactory environment for H. pylori. Thus the patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) with increased diffusion of blood urea to gastric lumen may be theoretically more susceptible to colonization with H. pylori. To investigate the infection rate of H. pylori in CRF and its relation to gastrointestinal symptoms, we performed prospective controlled study. METHODS: We performed gastroscopy in forty-two patients with CRF. Rapid urease test and histologic examination for H. pylori infection were performed. Histological gastritis was graded by updated Sydney classification. Gastrointestinal symptoms were assessed in all CRF patients and serum blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels were also measured. RESULTS: Twenty-one (50.0%) demonstrated H. pylori infection in patients with CRF. H. pylori infection and major endoscopic findings were not related to the gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with CRF. In H. pylori-positive CRF patients, density of H. pylori and grade of histological gastritis were not related to the severity of gastrointestinal symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: The infection rate of H. pylori was 50% in patients with CRF. Gastrointestinal symptoms in CRF were related to factors other than H. pylori infection.
Ammonia ; Blood Urea Nitrogen ; Classification ; Colon ; Creatinine ; Diffusion ; Gastritis ; Gastroscopy ; Helicobacter pylori* ; Helicobacter* ; Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic* ; Prospective Studies ; Stomach ; Urea ; Urease