No abstract available.
Periodicity* ; Skin*

PURPOSE: Nutritional as well as genetic and hormonal factors play an important role in the bone mineralization during childhood and adolescence. There are several physical and metabolic changes in obese children, and these changes may influence on the mineralization of the skeleton. The studies about bone mineralization of obese children are rare and contradictory. This study was performed to evaluate the influence of childhood obesity on bone mineral density(BMD). METHODS: The BMD of 49 obese and 41 non-obese children were measured at lumbar spines(L2-L4) using dual energy X-ray bone absorptiometry. Then, the results were assessed and compared according to the degree of obesity and pubertal sex maturation. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in BMD between obese children and non-obese children(0.87+/-.19 g/cm2 vs 0.81+/-.13 g/cm2). BMD increased according to the Tanner' pubertal staging, and the most marked increment was observed at overt puberty. No sex difference in BMD was seen in both obese and non-obese children. BMD was highly correlated with age, height, weight and body mass index(BMI), but there was no significant correlation between BMD and osteocalcin. CONCLUSION: BMD of obese children was not significantly different from that of non-obese children, and BMD also was not changed according to the degree of obesity. These findings suggest that BMD is not influenced by obesity in children.
Adolescent ; Bone Density* ; Calcification, Physiologic ; Child* ; Humans ; Obesity* ; Osteocalcin ; Pediatric Obesity ; Puberty ; Sex Characteristics ; Sexual Maturation ; Skeleton

PURPOSE: Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL or AML, M3) represents an unique model for cancer research in terms of biological and clinical features. Since 1988, it has been widely confirmed that all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) can induce complete clinical remission in over 85% of APL patients by a differentiation process, with PML-RARalpha protein possibly being the direct target of ATRA. However, ATRA treatment has two clinical limitations, namely, retinoic acid syndrome and retinoic resistance. Recently, it has been shown that arsenic trioxide used in some traditional Chinese remedy is very effective in retinoic resistant APL treatment. We tried to observe arsenic effect on cell lines and APL patient cells. MEHTODS: We investigated arsenic trioxide-induced apoptosis on APL, HL60, K562, KPH1 cell lines through MTT assay, DNA fragmentation assay and morphologic features. RESULTS: In MTT assay, cell survival rate decreased as the concentration of arsenic trioxide increased. In DNA fragmentation assay with HL60 cell line, DNA fragmentation was more frequent in high concentrations of arsenic trioxide than in low concentrations. During arsenic trioxide treatment, the morphologic change in bone marrow cells of APL patient, included nuclear differentiation and dark cytoplasmic granule during arsenic trioxide treatment. Serum arsenic reached peak level at 4hr after injection. We experienced a case of a 9-year-old male with APL who had relapsed after cessation of retinoic acid treatment. The patient successfully achieved remission following arsenic trioxide treatment without bone marrow depression and exacerbating bleeding diathesis. CONCLUSION: Arsenic trioxide can be used effectively to treat APL patients by inducing apoptosis and partial differentiation in tumor cells. The precise cellular and molecular mechanisms of its therapeutic effects remain to be determined.
Apoptosis ; Arsenic* ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Bone Marrow ; Bone Marrow Cells ; Cell Line ; Cell Survival ; Child ; Cytoplasmic Granules ; Depression ; Disease Susceptibility ; DNA Fragmentation ; Hemorrhage ; HL-60 Cells ; Humans ; Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute* ; Male ; Tretinoin

PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to investigate the colonization rate of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in neonates by different clinical characteristics, to presume the origin of MRSA acquisition, and to identify the risk factors associated with MRSA colonization. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 1,733 neonates admitted to Seoul Eulji hospital Neonatal Intensive Care Unit between January 2008 and December 2011. Nasal, inguinal and rectal swab specimens were obtained upon admission and each week until discharge. We classified the route of MRSA acquisition as; hospital associated (HA-MRSA) and community associated (CA-MRSA) according to the case definition. RESULTS: Among 1,733 neonates, 415 (23.9%) were colonized with MRSA. Gestational age, birth weight, delivery type, maternal antibiotics usage before delivery, birth place and care place before admission were influencing factors in colonization of MRSA. The colonization rate was significantly high in neonates without maternal prophylactic antibiotics use before delivery than in the other group (relative risk 2.77, 95% CI 1.88-4.07; P<0.01), and outborns showed higher MRSA colonization rate compared to inborns (relative risk 2.28, 95% CI 1.17-4.42; P=0.015). CONCLUSION: We identified the neonatal MRSA colonization rate to be 23.9%. We estimated HA-MRSA colonization rate to be 10% (51/511) and CA-MRSA colonization rate to be 36% (309/858). We ascertained that risk factors in MRSA colonization in neonates were prophylactic use of antibiotics in mothers and the birth place.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Birth Weight ; Colon ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Hypogonadism ; Infant, Newborn ; Intensive Care, Neonatal ; Medical Records ; Methicillin Resistance ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ; Mitochondrial Diseases ; Mothers ; Ophthalmoplegia ; Residence Characteristics ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Staphylococcus aureus

The soil bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens is a plant pathogen that causes crown gall tumors by infecting the wounded dicotyledonous plants and subsequent integration of bacterial DNA into plant nuclear DNA. Virulent A. tumefaciens strains harbor a large Ti (tumor–inducing) plasmid that carries genes essential for tumorigenesis. In the present study, 13 strains (Malus pumila Mill; A₁₋₃, Populus monilifera; W₁₋₆, Populus tomentiglandlosa; P₁₋₃ and Rosa species; R₁) of Agrobacterium isolated in korean crown gall tumors and plasmids were observed in 6 strains (W₂, W₃, W₆, P₁, P₃ and A₂). The test for crown gall tumor formation was resulted only in ATCC15955 and KW2 strains inoculated into the stem of sun flower and the development was observed for 4 and 6 weeks after inoculation. Above two Ti plasmids (pTi) were purified by cesium chloride-ethidium bromide density gradient centrifugation and digested with restriction enzyme and fragments of pTiATCC15955 and pTiKW₂ observed by EcoR I ; 25&27, Hind III ; 23&21, BamH I ; each 20 and Hpa I ; 12&27. And sizes of pTiATCC15955 and and pTiKW₂ calculated as 200 and 87 kbases. Octopine was isolated from tumor tissue (W₁₋₆ and P₁₋₃) and these strains confirmed as octopine type.
Agrobacterium tumefaciens ; Agrobacterium* ; Carcinogenesis ; Centrifugation, Density Gradient ; Cesium ; DNA ; DNA, Bacterial ; Flowers ; Korea* ; Plant Tumor-Inducing Plasmids ; Plant Tumors ; Plants ; Plasmids* ; Populus ; Rosa ; Soil ; Solar System ; Wounds and Injuries

Congenital absence of nails usually occur as a rare isolated anomaly or combined with other ectodermal defects. This anomaly is regarded as an inherited disorder either dominantly or recessively but quite a few cases were reported as sporadically developed. The patient was a 2-month-old girl who had no nails on both her 2nd, 3rd toes but had rudimentary nails on her left big toe and both 4th toes at birth. We could not find any other congenital deformity, any family history of inherited diseases related to anonychia. Radiological findings revealed no visualization of both 4th distal phalanges, only. We report this case as congenital anonychia of a sporadic type which may have developed independently from an underlying bone abnormality. We also review other reported cases in the literature.
Congenital Abnormalities ; Ectoderm ; Female ; Hallux ; Humans ; Infant ; Parturition ; Toes*

Pseudohypoparathyroidism is a medical disorder characterized by a complex disorder of renal resistance to parathyroid hormone and the mechanism underlying the disease is still unclear. The authors described two cases of pseudohypoparathyroidism in sibling,who had metabolic anomalies(hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia, high circulatin immunoreactive PTH)and basal ganglia calcification. Bilateral basal ganglia calcifications, which was not visible on plain skull film, was detected by CT scan of brain MRI. We report these cases with a review of related literatures.
Basal Ganglia ; Brain ; Humans ; Hyperphosphatemia ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Parathyroid Hormone ; Pseudohypoparathyroidism* ; Siblings* ; Skull ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

We experienced a case of acquired bronchial stenosis in a male premature infant who had recurrent postextubation atelectasis of the right lung. Bronchography showed the stenosis of the distal portion of right main bronchus and the proximal portion of intermediate bronchus and autopsy findings showed ill-defined irregularly elevated nodule with fibrotic scarring in the trifurcation of right main bronchus. Endotracheal suction was suspected as the main cause. A brief review of literature was made.
Autopsy ; Bronchi ; Bronchography ; Cicatrix ; Constriction, Pathologic* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Lung ; Male ; Pulmonary Atelectasis ; Suction*

No abstract available.
MELAS Syndrome*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this research was to provide baseline data by utilizing solutions to health problems caused by work-related stress and to examine a way of treatment by comparing and analyzing how the stresses link to fatigue and quality of researchers' life. METHODS: A survey was conducted with 50 researchers working for in H research institute in Daejeon Metropolitan City from April 10th to May 10th, 2012 to examine the correlation of work stress, fatigue and quality of life. The data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test to look into examine the difference in work stress, fatigue, and quality of life. Also, the correlation of work stress, fatigue and quality of life was measured through by the Pearson correlation coefficient. The data collected through the questionnaires was were analyzed by SPSS 21.0 based on the significant level with a p-value, 0.05. RESULTS: The results showed that fatigue was caused by work stresses in researchers and quality of life was ranked in a relatively low level. Correlation of work stresses, quality of life and fatigue and work stresses against mental health index was negative and fatigue against physical index was also negative. CONCLUSION: It is necessary to maintain more detailed provisions in order to improve mental health and stress level of researchers. Moreover, systematic, in-depth evaluation should be done to reduce researcher's work-related stress and fatigue. In addition, stress management and prevention program should be implemented for these researchers.
Academies and Institutes ; Fatigue* ; Humans ; Mental Health ; Quality of Life* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Research Personnel