No abstract available.
Animals ; Horns* ; Nevus, Sebaceous of Jadassohn*

No abstract available.
Brain ; Brain Abscess ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; Head

No abstract available.
Ascites*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate a school-based peer leader centered smoking prevention program. METHODS: Non-equivalent control group with a pre/post-test design was used. Students (n=174) in two boys' junior high schools located in D city, Korea participated with 85 being selected for the experimental group and 89 for the control group. Five sessions were given to the experimental group and a 50 minute lecture to the control group. Knowledge, attitude, non-smoking intention, and non-smoking efficacy were measured for the both experimental and control group at two weeks before the program and one month after the program was completed. Data were analyzed using chi2-test, Fisher's exact test, independent t-test and paired t-test with the SPSS 21.0 program. RESULTS: The experimental group showed higher overall knowledge, negative attitude toward smoking, and higher non-smoking intention and efficacy. After receiving the school based peer leader centered smoking prevention program scores for attitude toward smoking and non-smoking efficacy increased in the experimental group were higher than in the control group. CONCLUSION: The school-based peer leader centered smoking prevention program needs longitudinal evaluation, but from this study, there is an indication that this program can be used with junior high school students and effectively change students' attitude toward smoking and promote non-smoking efficacy.
Adolescent ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Male ; Peer Group ; *Program Evaluation ; Questionnaires ; School Health Services ; Smoking/*prevention & control ; Students/*psychology

No abstract available.
Snake Bites* ; Snakes*

No abstract available.
Snake Bites* ; Snakes*

OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to investigate the effect of delivery nursing care using essential oils on labor stress response, labor anxiety and postpartum status anxiety for primipara. METHODS: This study used nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The subjects of this experiment consisted of forty eight primipara with single gestation, full term, & uncomplicated pregnancies. Twenty four primipra were in the experimental and control group each. Their mean age was 27.9 years old, their mean gestation period 279.9 days. As a treatment, delivery nursing care using essential oils was applied by nurses. Data collected epinephrine, norepinephrine, anxiety during labor. In the 24 hours after birth, the data for the postpartum mother's status anxiety was collected. Data was analyzed by t-test, repeated measures ANOVA, Mann-Whitney U test, & Wilcoxon signed ranks test with SPSS Program. RESULTS: Plasma epinephrine, norepinephrine were significantly low in the experimental group (P=0.001, P=0.033, respectively). There was no significant difference between the two groups in anxiety during labor and postpartum mother's status anxiety. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that delivery nursing care using essential oils could be effective in decreasing plasma epinephrine, norepinephrine. But, that could not be verified in decreasing mother's anxiety.
Stress/*prevention & control ; Pregnancy ; Postpartum Period/*psychology ; Oils, Volatile/*therapeutic use ; Norepinephrine/blood ; Labor, Obstetric/*psychology ; Humans ; Female ; Epinephrine/blood ; Delivery, Obstetric/*nursing ; *Aromatherapy ; Anxiety/*prevention & control ; Adult

PURPOSE: Both genetic and epigenetic alterations can lead to abnormal expression of metastasis-regulating genes in tumor cells. Recent studies suggest that aberrant epigenetic alterations, followed by differential gene expression, leads to an aggressive cancer cell phenotype. We examined epigenetically regulated genes that are involved in ovarian cancer metastasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We developed SK-OV-3 human ovarian carcinoma cell xenografts in mice. We compared the mRNA expression and DNA methylation profiles of metastatic tissues to those of the original SK-OV-3 cell line. RESULTS: Metastatic implants showed increased mRNA expression of the carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9) gene and hypomethylation at CpG sites in the CA9 promoter. Treatment of wild-type SK-OV-3 cells with the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine reduced methylation of the CA9 promoter and increased CA9 mRNA expression. Eight CpGs, which were located at positions -197, -74, -19, -6, +4, +13, +40, and +86, relative to the transcription start site, were hypomethylated in metastatic tumor implants, compared to that of wild-type SK-OV-3. Overexpression of CA9 induced an aggressive phenotype, including increased invasiveness and migration, in SK-OV-3 cells. CONCLUSION: Alterations in the DNA methylation profile of the CA9 promoter were correlated with a more aggressive phenotype in ovarian cancer cells.
Animals ; Azacitidine/*analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Carbonic Anhydrases/metabolism ; *DNA Methylation ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/*drug effects ; Humans ; Mice ; Neoplasm Invasiveness/genetics ; Neoplasm Metastasis/genetics/*pathology ; Neoplasms, Experimental ; Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial/genetics/*metabolism/pathology ; Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics/*metabolism/pathology ; Phenotype ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare anxiety, depression and quality of life according to the severity of urinary incontinence in married women. METHOD: The participants were 168 married women aged 30-65 years who experienced urinary incontinence. The data were collected from May to July, 2006 using a structured questionnaire. Frequencies, percent, means and standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, chi-square-test and Scheffe test with SPSS win 14.0 program were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: The distribution of urinary incontinence severity was mild 87.5%, or moderate 12.5%. Significant differences in the severity of urinary incontinence were found for the general characteristics of age, education level, having a job and having a spouse and for the obstetric characteristics of type of delivery, and menopause. Differences in the score for anxiety (t=-2.41, p=0.001) and quality of life (t=5.50, p<0.001) according to the severity of urinary incontinence were statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Women with moderate to severe urinary incontinence should be screened for psychosocial factors. Severity of urinary incontinence in married women negatively affects their quality of life. Further research is needed to determine factors predicting the quality of life for incontinent women.
Anxiety* ; Depression* ; Education ; Female ; Humans ; Menopause ; Psychology ; Quality of Life* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Spouses ; Urinary Incontinence*

Choriocarcinoma is a malignant tumor arising from chorionic villi following normal or abnormal gestation. It rarely originates in the extragonadal region such as retroperitoneum and mediastinum. In these extragonadal choriocarcinomas, primary gastric choriocarcinoma is extremely rare. A 37-year old woman with primary choriocarcinoma of the stomach presented with amenorrhea and anemia. Serum level of beta-hCG was moderately elevated. There was gastric choriocarcinoma with histologic pattern of adenocarcinoma. We wish to report the extremely rare finding of a choriocarcinoma occurring as a primary gastric neoplasm with gynecologic symptom.
Adenocarcinoma ; Adult ; Amenorrhea ; Anemia ; Choriocarcinoma* ; Chorionic Villi ; Female ; Humans ; Mediastinum ; Pregnancy ; Stomach ; Stomach Neoplasms