No abstract available.
Cell Line* ; Hantaan virus* ; Humans*

No abstract available.
Child* ; Guillain-Barre Syndrome* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Alexander Disease*

No abstract available.
MELAS Syndrome*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Cell Line* ; Guinea Pigs* ; Guinea* ; Hantaan virus* ; Humans*

No abstract available.
Syringomyelia*

BACKGROUND: We compared thiopental sodium with propofol as induction agents under propofol-N2O anesthesia for cesarean sections. METHODS: We selected 68 pregnant women with a single fetus undergoing an elective cesarean section under general anesthesia and randomly allocated them to the thiopental sodium group (group N) or the propofol group (group P). Without premedication, thiopental sodium 5 mg/kg and succinylcholine 1 mg/kg were injected for induction in group N, and propofol 2 mg/kg and succinylcholine 1 mg/kg in group P. Propofol 10 mg/kg/hr was infused continuously with 50% N2O in both groups. We checked the blood pressure and the heart rate before and after injection. We analysed blood gas of maternal artery, umbilical artery, and umbilical vein at delivery and checked Apgar scores at 1 minute and 5 minutes after delivery. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in blood pressure, heart rate and Apgar scores between groups. Oxygen partial pressure (35.6 +/- 5.8 mmHg) and oxygen saturation (66.2 +/- 12.0%) of the umbilical vein in group P was higher than in group N (32.7 +/- 4.9 mmHg, 58.7 +/- 11.5%). Carbon dioxide partial pressure and pH did not differ between groups. CONCLUSIONS: There was no beneficial effect of thiopental sodium compared with propofol as an induction agent under propofol anesthesia. Propofol is a useful drug for cesarean sections.
Anesthesia* ; Anesthesia, General ; Arteries ; Blood Pressure ; Carbon Dioxide ; Cesarean Section* ; Female ; Fetus ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Oxygen ; Partial Pressure ; Pregnancy ; Pregnant Women ; Premedication ; Propofol* ; Succinylcholine ; Thiopental* ; Umbilical Arteries ; Umbilical Veins

No abstract available.
Drainage* ; Prognosis*

It is well known that the spatial patterns of basement membrane[BM] components show a close correlation with the morphogenetic process in developing organs during pre- and postnatal period. But little is known about the chronological changes in BM components during the development of thyroid gland. To investigate the correlation of the distribution of BM components with the development of the thyroid gland, immunohistochemical localization of the BM components was performed, using rat fetuses[from 15 to 21 days of gestation] and pups[from 1 to 14 days]. According to the histological features with H.E. staining, prenatal development[El5-21] of the rat thyroid could be divided into 3 representative stages : 1] Undifferentiated primordium of thyroid epithelia, forming cell cords or cell nests [until El5 day]. 2] An intervening stage of cell proliferation with the pattern of lobulation[El6-17 days]. 3] Stage of maturing follicles[El8-21 days]. It could be concluded that differentiation of the thyroid follicle are terminated during the prenatal period and growth in size and number occurs during the first two weeks after birth. By the immunohistochemical localization of laminin[LM], fibronectin[FN], type IV collagen[CIV], the basement membranes investing thyroid follicles could be clearly delineated at 15 days of gestation. Reactivity for LN and CIV associated with BM increased with advancing development, while that of FH was apparently weakened during the 2 weeks after birth. On the other hand immunoreactivity for CIV in the same age group increased, compared to that of previous swage of development. These results indicate that BM components were expressed in distinct spatial patterns with advancing development of thyroid gland. Based on these observations, it could be concluded that these BM components are important determinants in epithelial growth and differentiation during thyroid development.
Animals ; Basement Membrane* ; Cell Proliferation ; Collagen Type IV ; Fibronectins ; Hand ; Humans ; Laminin ; Parturition ; Pregnancy ; Rats* ; Thyroid Gland*

BACKGROUND: Although pain after cholecystectomy was reduced significantly since the advent of laparoscopic surgery, many patients still complain of moderate pain after the surgery. Recently intraperitoneal instillation of local anesthetics is known as safe, simple, and effective method of treatment for pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. METHODS: Three groups are randomized; group I (normal saline 80 ml), group II (0.5% lidocaine 80 ml+1:400,000 epinephrine) and group III (0.125% bupivacaine 80 ml+1:400,000 epinephrine). Local anesthetics are instilled via subdiaphragmatic trocar hole just after creation of carboperitoneum. Visual analogue scale (VAS), total used analgesics amount, time to first analgesics request, time to out of first flatus and complications are compared. Lidocaine blood concentrations are checked in five cases of the patients after lidocaine instillation. RESULTS: The VAS was insignificant among groups except 3 hr, 6 hr postoperatively. Time to first analgesics request are prolonged in lidocaine and bupivacaine group. Used analgesics amount are significantly less in lidocaine group than control group. Time to out of first flatus was significantly shorter in bupivacaine group. No significant complications were noted. The blood concentration of lidocaine were variable and the highest concentration in five of one case was 1.8 microgram/ml. CONCLUSIONS: Although intraperitoneal instillation of local anesthetics is simple, safe method for controlling pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy, it is not so much effective because of dilution with irrigating saline and suctioning intraoperatively and postoperative scavenging by evacuator.
Analgesics ; Anesthetics, Local* ; Bupivacaine ; Cholecystectomy ; Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic* ; Flatulence ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Lidocaine ; Pain, Postoperative* ; Suction ; Surgical Instruments