Purpose: This study determined the effects of interprofessional education (IPE) on self-efficacy and attitude by comparing an interprofessional (IP) group of medical students (MSs) and nursing students (NSs) and a uniprofessional (UP) group of MSs. Methods: An experimental IP group consisting of 49 MSs and 62 NSs was selected, alongside a UP control group of 48 other MSs. The groups participated in a class titled “Team Communication and Interprofessional Collaboration.” A sub-analysis of the two groups’ professions was also conducted. The groups participated in the same lesson separately, with a week’s interval. The Interprofessional Attitudes Scale (IPAS) and the Self-Efficacy Perception for Interprofessional Experiential Learning (SEIEL) scale were used before and after the class to compare changes in reports of self-efficacy and attitudes in both groups. Students’ responses to learning experiences and satisfaction were also evaluated. Results: IPAS and SEIEL values increased after the class for MSs in both groups; there were no differences between the groups. IPAS and SEIEL values increased after the class in MSs and NSs in the IP group, and the effect size for IPAS was larger for IP-group NSs than for IP-group MSs. Satisfaction scores exceeded 3.70 in both groups. Conclusion The UP group showed similar IPE effects as the IP group, as measured by SEIEL and IPAS, in a single IPE program that used role-play and case-based discussion. However, it would be desirable for the UP group to interact with other professions to improve understanding and experience.

Magnetic Resonance image(MRI) is used as the diagnostic modality for evaluation of suspected intramedullary tumors and differential diagnosis of these tumors at the spinal cord. We experienced intramedullary astrocytoma of cerviced cord with large syrinx and multiple peritumoral cysts consisted of subacute and chronic hemorrhage at the margin and within the syrinx and cysts on MRI.
Astrocytoma* ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Hemorrhage* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Spinal Cord*

Interprofessional education (IPE) fosters knowledge, skills, and attitudes related to interprofessional collaboration (IPC) for safe, quality patient care. In recent years, the importance of IPC has extended beyond the medical field to local community settings. However, IPE has only recently been introduced and has yet to become widespread. This study reviews the origin and development of IPE in Korean medical education by comparing it with established models in other countries that provide useful insights into future directions for IPE in Korea. Dedicated institutions led the IPE effort in other countries; however, IPE initiatives in Korea were mainly driven by individual professors’ and medical schools’ interest and commitment, without structural support systems. An important finding of this study is that the lack of awareness and organizational support within the medical education community resulted in the absence of a mandatory curriculum for IPE, as it was omitted from the accreditation standards. For more organized adoption and implementation of IPE in Korea, this study suggests the need to widely communicate the importance of IPE to the medical community and the public. It is also imperative to establish leadership capable of guiding IPE, share materials through trusted institutions with IPE experience, and include IPE in the accreditation standards. These steps are essential for actively implementing IPE and meeting societal healthcare needs in Korea.

No abstract available.
Cervix Uteri* ; Female ; Pregnancy*

PURPOSE: Feeding problems are common for typically developing children and have negative effects on physical, behavioral, and cognitive development. The purpose of the current study was to examine factors related to childhood feeding problems for typically developing children via parental reports. METHODS: The feeding questionnaire developed by the authors and the Childhood Eating Behavior Inventory (CEBI) were administered to 796 parents of children who recruited from 2 pediatric outpatient clinics (n=379) and community (n=417). Problem eaters (PE) were identified by parental report and frequency analysis was conducted for types of feeding problems and its severity, problem behaviors during mealtime, the feeding methods of the parents, and the need for treatment. RESULTS: The CEBI scores were significantly different between the PE and non-problem eaters (NPE), which suggests that the parental reports were reliable. The younger children had more feeding problems than the older children. The most frequent and severe feeding problems were selective eating and longer mealtimes across all age groups. One-half of the children had more than one problem behaviors during mealtime. Most parents of PE used ineffective methods to deal with children's behaviors during meal time, such as cajoling, which was related to their increased level of stress. Many parents reported their children need professional help for the feeding problems. CONCLUSION: Feeding problems are prevalent among children, especially younger children. Children with feeding problems showed a number of problem behaviors during mealtime and parental coping methods appeared to be ineffective. The need for treatment was considerable, thus the characteristics of this population must be acknowledged for providing proper treatment and advice.
Ambulatory Care Facilities ; Child ; Eating ; Feeding Behavior ; Feeding Methods ; Humans ; Meals ; Parents ; Surveys and Questionnaires

No abstract available.
Child* ; Glomerulonephritis, Membranous* ; Hepatitis B virus ; Hepatitis B* ; Hepatitis* ; Humans

Bednar tumor was described by Bednar in 1957. The histologic pattern of this tumor shows similar to dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) but melanin pigments are scattered within the tumor, It's rare neoplasm accounting for approximately 1-5% of all case of DFSP. Clinically, this tumor is considered to be intermediated malignancy, because of slow growth and frequent local recurrence and lack of distant metastasis. The majority are located on the trunk and the upper and lower extremities, but extremely rate in the head and neck area. Microscopically, this tumor is characterized by tight storiform spindle cells and long slender cells that admixed with a small population of melanin containing dendritic cells. This dendritic cells are the primary features distinguising this lesion from conventional DFSP. Complete surgical excision and close follow-up case are necessany for this neoplasm because of probable intermediate malignancy. A patient was admitted to Our Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery due to swelling on right parotid area and numbness of the right lower lip on September, 1994, By clinical examinations and C-T finding, we dignosed tentatively as myxoma or pleomorphic adenoma. Surgical excision of this tumor was performed with parotidectomy and mandibular osteotomy under the frozen biopsy. By final microscopic and electromicroscopic examination and immunohistochemical study, this tumor was diagnosed as Bednar tumor. So, we report a case of pigmented DFSP with review of literatures.
Adenoma, Pleomorphic ; Biopsy ; Dendritic Cells ; Dermatofibrosarcoma* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Head ; Humans ; Hypesthesia ; Lip ; Lower Extremity ; Mandibular Osteotomy ; Melanins ; Myxoma ; Neck ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Recurrence ; Surgery, Oral

This study aimed to analyze the subjects, situations, and reflection levels related to role modeling experienced by medical students during their clinical clerkship and their own reflections. This study intends to suggest ways of improving how residents and clinical faculty should treat and teach medical students. Written interviews were conducted regarding senior medical students’ role modeling experiences during their clinical clerkships in 2018 and 2019. Content analysis was conducted for a total of 224 cases from 196 students. Content analysis revealed three types of role modeling content: subjects (faculty, residents, nurses, peer students), situations (clinical competence, personal qualities, teaching skills), and the level of reflection (critical reflection, reflection, thoughtful action, and habitual action) in each case. As role model subjects, faculty were found to be the paramount role model (n=142, 62.83%). Role modeling was the most frequently performed for clinical competence (n=103, 45.98%). Clinical competence was frequently shown in communication and empathic listening during rounds and outpatient relationships between the patient and doctor. Regarding the level of reflection for role modeling, the number of critical reflections was 86 (38.39%) and that of reflections was 80 (35.71%). In particular, negative role modeling showed a high level of critical reflection in relation to faculty (64.44%) and nurses (8.89%). In conclusion, role modeling of medical students participating in clinical clerkships occurs in situations that the role models are not aware of, with positive or negative effects on the formation of professional identity among medical students.

BACKGROUND: Prediction of therapeutic response to radioactive iodine (RAI) in Graves disease is poorly understood. Although thyrotropin binding inhibitor immunoglobulin (TBII) level is a strong index for relapse after antithyroid drug treatment, conflicting results are described regarding its prognostic significance in Graves disease treated with RAI. This study is to evaluate possible prognostic factors including TBII wbich affect the outcome of RAI therapy in Graves disease. METHODS: Two hundred and one patients with Graves disease who were followed for over 12 months after RAI treatment were studied retrospectively. The subjects were divided into hypothyroid, euthyroid and hyperthyroid groups, based on the thyroid function evaluated at 12 months after RAI therapy. We evaluated the association of clinical parameters including patients age, goiter size, degree of hyperthyroidism and TBII index with outcome of RAI treatment. RESULTS: In Graves disease, response rate to RAI was 70.1% (hypothyroid 22.4% and euthyroid 47.7%) until 12th month. The mean age of hypothyroid group was 40+/-11 years, significantly older than that other groups (euthyroid: 33+/-12, hyperthyroid: 35+/-13, p<0.05). Initial level of thyroid function, duration of antithyroid drug treatment prior to RAI, goiter size and dosage of RAI were not significantly different between the groups. There were 61 patients who had both TBII tests before and after RAI. Twelve had negative TBII and 49 had positive TBII before RAI admini-stration. The rate of unremitted hyperthyroidism after RAI therapy was significantly lower in patients with negative TBII than in those with positive TBII prior to RAI treatment( 0% versus 46.9%, p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Graves patients with positive TBII prior to RAI therapy were associated with lower therapeutic response to RAI than those with negatve TBII. And old age was associated with the development of early hypothyroidism after RAI therapy. These results suggest these factors be also considered in the treatment of Graves disease with RAI.
Goiter ; Graves Disease* ; Humans ; Hyperthyroidism ; Hypothyroidism ; Immunoglobulins ; Iodine* ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Thyroid Gland ; Thyrotropin

No abstract available.
Endosonography ; Gastric Mucosa/pathology ; Gastritis, Hypertrophic/*diagnosis/pathology/surgery ; Gastroscopy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed