BACKGROUND: EGF and TGF-a are ligands for the EGF-receptor and act as mitogens for a variety of tissues. TGF-a, in particular, has been implicated as an autocrine growth factor for several cancer cell lines. TGF-B exerts an inhibitory effect on the growth of most epithelial cell types, and the loss of responsiveness to this growth inhibition has been implicated in the development of a variety of human cancers. In the present study, we evaluate whether EGF, TGF-a and TGF-B modulate apoptosis and cell cycle progression in cervical cancer cell lines. MATERIALS & METHODS: The effect of EGF, TGF-a and TGF-B on apoptosis and cell cycle such as CaSki and HeLa cell lines was analysed by flow cytometry RESULTS: 1. TGF-B did not induce apoptosis in CaSki and HeLa cell lines. 2. TGF-B as well as EGF, TGF-a, did not affect the process of apoptosis significantly. 3. The time to occur apoptosis was different between CaSki and HeLa cells treated by growth factots. 4. G1 phase was the checkpoint in CaSki and HeLa cells treated with TGF-B. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that TGF-B as well as EGF, TGF-a does not induce apoptosis and cell growth inhibition.
Apoptosis* ; Cell Cycle Checkpoints* ; Cell Cycle* ; Cell Line* ; Epidermal Growth Factor* ; Epithelial Cells ; Flow Cytometry ; G1 Phase ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Ligands ; Mitogens ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms*

We report a case of angiosarcoma of the jejunum in a 65-year-old female. This angiosarcoma developed 20 years after postoperative irradiation for cervical carcinoma of the uterus. Grossly, the resected jejunum showed a 8 cm long segmental hemorrhagic lesion with multiple, small hemorrhagic nodules or cysts on its serosa and mesentery. Microscopically, the wall of jejunum was infiltrated by epithelioid or polygonal tumor cells arranged in solid nests or lining irregular vascular spaces. The case is of interest that the tumor occurred in the very unusal site for angiosarcoma and the patient had a past history of irradiation for uterine cervical carcinoma 20 years ago. In addition, the resected intestine showed histologic changes of chronic irradiation effect. Therefore, this case supports the view that there is cause and effect relationship between irradiation adn angiosarcoma.
Female ; Humans ; Cysts

Stein-Leventhal syndrome is a clinicopathological entity characterized by chronic anovulation and sclerotic ovaries. Clinically, the affected patients typically present their third decade with a history of premenarchal obesity and postmenarchal onset of oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea, infertility, and clinical evidence of increased androgen production. In some patients, there are estrogenic phenomena such as menometrorrhagia with or without endometrial hyperplasia or carcinoma. Several studies have indicated that there may be an increased incidence of ovarian neoplasia in polycystic ovaries. Recently, we experienced two cases of polycystic ovaries assotiated with endometrial carcinoma in premenopausal women, who had clinical characteristics of Stein-Leventhal syndrome; one of the cases had additional serous cystandenofibroma.
Female ; Humans ; Incidence

Background: Although there are various interventions for eating disorders in type 1 diabetes patients, it is difficult to interpret them comprehensively. The purpose of this study is to analyze eating disorder intervention studies in type 1 diabetes patients and to compare the characteristics of each study. Methods: For this study, PICOTS-SD was established. We searched studies published in Korean and English from 2000 to 2020 in KCI, RISS, NDSL, KISS, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Pubmed, and Embase. Results: For the intervention of eating disorders in patients with type 1 diabetes, psycho-education and self-compassion programs were implemented. The intervention period varied from 4 to 6 weeks, and physiological variables, eating disorder variables, and emotional variables were used interventions. But the number of participants was small and the results of the study were inconsistent. Conclusions Through this study, the possibility of resolving the difficulties of eating disorder intervention in type 1 diabetes patients was confirmed. In the future, more randomized controlled trials with larger samples are needed to extend the evidence base.

BACKGROUND: The study aimed to determine the type of capsular insertion and the extent of capsular elongation in anterior shoulder instability by quantitatively evaluating their computed tomography arthrographic (CTA) findings, and to investigate the correlation of these parameters with surgical outcomes. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 71 patients who underwent CTA and arthroscopic capsulolabral reconstruction for anterior shoulder instability between April 2004 and August 2008. The control group comprised 72 patients diagnosed as isolated type II superior labrum anterior to posterior (SLAP) lesion during the period. Among the 143 patients, 71 were examined with follow-up CTA at an average 13.8 months after surgery. It was measured the capsular length and cross-sectional area at two distinct capsular regions: the 4 and 5 o'clock position of the capsule. RESULTS: With regards to the incidence of the type of anterior capsular insertion, type I was more common in the control group, whereas type III more common than in the instability group. Anterior capsular length and cross-sectional area were significantly greater in the instability group than in the control group. Among patients of the instability group, the number of dislocations and the presence of anterior labroligamentous periosteal sleeve avulsion lesion were significantly associated with anterior capsular redundancy. Postoperatively, recurrence was found in 3 patients (4.2%) and their postoperative capsular length and cross-sectional area were greater than those of patients without recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Capsular insertion type and capsular redundancy derived through CTA may serve as important parameters for the management of anterior shoulder instability.
Arthrography* ; Dislocations ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Incidence ; Joint Instability ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Shoulder*

Human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is generally used to identify highly degraded forensic samples, particularly when the extracted DNA is not sufficient for nuclear DNA analysis. However, direct sequencing, the most widely used mtDNA analysis method, is laborious and time-consuming, and precludes the simultaneous analysis of many samples. Here, we describe a rapid and simple screening method for mtDNA analysis in Koreans using single base extension (SBE) methods. Sixteen highly polymorphic mtDNA SNPs from the control region were selected, and a multiplex SBE system was constructed to analyze them. Because the developed system consists of two duplex PCRs, which produce small amplicons with fewer than 270 bp, it works well with highly degraded samples such as old skeletal remains. Using this multiplex SBE system, 145 different haplotypes were expected to be observed from 593 unrelated Koreans. Seventy-three haplotypes were expected to be observed only once, and the most frequent haplotype was expected to occur 80 times. Since the mean number of pairwise differences was estimated to be 4.55, the developed system could be useful to exclude samples that do not match evidence and reference samples. Therefore, the multiplex SBE system used in this study will be a useful tool to analyze many samples simultaneously and to efficiently screen out non-matching mtDNA sequences in forensic casework.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; DNA ; DNA, Mitochondrial* ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Mass Screening* ; Methods ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide*

Purpose: The diagnostic usefulness of fetal echocardiography in congenital heart disease is well known. One of the indications for fetal echocardiography is presence of extracardiac anomalies and such coexistent congenital heart disease may have important implications for obstetric and neonatal management. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 496 women with singleton pegnancies with amgenital anomalies that underwent penatal care and follow-up in Severance Hospital for 5 years from 1991 to 1995 were evaluated for the incidence of congenital heart disease. RESULTS: The incidence of congenital heart disease in fetuses with the associated extracardiac anomalies were as follows; central nervous system 6.9%(11/160), gastro-intestinal system 10.7%(8/75), genito-urinary sysem 4.7%(4/85), others 5.6%(4/72). Thirty-one of eighty-ane fetuses with congenital heart disease were found to have the associated extracardidac anomalies and ten of them chenoscenal abnormalities. CONCLUSION: We recommend that fetuses with congenital extracardiac anomalies sbould be checked for the presence of congenital heart disease and chmmosomal abnormalities, if needed.
Central Nervous System ; Echocardiography ; Female ; Fetus ; Follow-Up Studies ; Heart Defects, Congenital* ; Humans ; Incidence

Interferons(IFNs) exhibit an antiproliferative effect on many normal and transformed cells and have in vivo antitumor activity in a variety of cancers. Recent clinical studies have suggested major activity with IFNs, especially in advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the skin and cervix. With the objective of exploring how the IFNs might work in squamous carcinoma cell line, we studied the effect of IFN-a on cervical cancer cell lines. The effect of IFNs on apoptosis and cell cycle of cervical cancer cell lines(C33A, CaSki, SiHa, HeLa, ME-180) was analysed by flow cytometry in time dependent manner. Results were as follows: (1) According to cell count of studied cancer cell lines treated with 2,000 IU/ml IFN-a for 7 days exposure, IFN-a had the antiproliferative effect on all five tested cervical cancer cell lines. Also this antiproliferative effect was confirmed by WST-1 assay. (2) The effect of IFN-a on apoptosis of each cultute was analysed by flow cytometry after 3 days and 7 days exposure with 2,000 IU/ml IFN-a, Apoptosis was not induced by IFN-a treatment. (3) The effect of IFN-a on the cell cycle of each culture was analysed by flow cytometry after 3 days exposure with 2,000 IU/ml IFN-a. As compared to control cells, treatment with IFN-a resulted in a higher proportion of cells in S phase with lower portion of cells with G2/M phase. (4) Time course of IFN-a effect on HPV 16 and HPV 18 E6 mRNA levels was evaluated by northern blot analysis. In CaSki cell line, HPV 16 E6 mRNA expression induced by IFN-a was not inhibited. But in HeLa cell line, HPV 18 E6 inRNA expression was inhibited. IFN-a appears to have the antiproliferative effect on all five tested cervical cancer cell lines and the antiproliferative effect of IFN-a seemed to be induced not by apoptosis but by disruption on specific cell cycle. Also regulation of HPV E6 mRNA expression induced by IFN-a is not directly related to the mechanisms of the antiproliferative effect of IFN-a in cancer cell lines.
Apoptosis ; Blotting, Northern ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Cell Count ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Line* ; Cervix Uteri ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; HeLa Cells ; Human papillomavirus 16 ; Human papillomavirus 18 ; Humans ; RNA, Messenger ; S Phase ; Skin ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms*

Purpose: We compared the accuracy of central corneal thickness (CCT) measurements according to CCT measured by noncontact Tono-pachymetry and ultrasound pachymetry (USP). Methods: CCT was measured in 90 eyes of 90 subjects by two optometrists. The CCT measurements were compared and the correlations between the measurements were analyzed. To evaluate whether the measurements varied depending on CCT, the subjects were classified into three groups according to CCT (group 1: thin thickness group; group 2: medium thickness group; and group 3: thick thickness group). The differences in CCT obtained by the two devices (△CCT = Tono-pachymetry-USP) were compared and analyzed among the three groups. Results: The average CCT measurements by Tono-pachymetry and USP were 523.26 ± 32.93 μm and 527.08 ± 37.33 μm, respectively. CCT by Tono-pachymetry was significantly thinner than by USP (△CCT= -3.82 ± 15.34, p = 0.020). The two measurements were strongly correlated (r = 0.912, p < 0.001). The △CCT values were 5.40 ± 12.13 μm in group 1, -6.37 ± 15.07 μm in group 2, and -10.50 ± 14.39 μm in group 3 (p < 0.001). Conclusions CCT measured by tono-pachymetry was thinner on average compared to the value measured by USP and the differences in measurements between the two devices were different according to CCT. The thinner the CCT, the thicker the measurement, and the thicker the CCT, the thinner the measurement. Therefore, this trend should be considered when interpreting tono- pachymetry results in clinical practice.

Purpose: We compared the accuracy of central corneal thickness (CCT) measurements according to CCT measured by noncontact Tono-pachymetry and ultrasound pachymetry (USP). Methods: CCT was measured in 90 eyes of 90 subjects by two optometrists. The CCT measurements were compared and the correlations between the measurements were analyzed. To evaluate whether the measurements varied depending on CCT, the subjects were classified into three groups according to CCT (group 1: thin thickness group; group 2: medium thickness group; and group 3: thick thickness group). The differences in CCT obtained by the two devices (△CCT = Tono-pachymetry-USP) were compared and analyzed among the three groups. Results: The average CCT measurements by Tono-pachymetry and USP were 523.26 ± 32.93 μm and 527.08 ± 37.33 μm, respectively. CCT by Tono-pachymetry was significantly thinner than by USP (△CCT= -3.82 ± 15.34, p = 0.020). The two measurements were strongly correlated (r = 0.912, p < 0.001). The △CCT values were 5.40 ± 12.13 μm in group 1, -6.37 ± 15.07 μm in group 2, and -10.50 ± 14.39 μm in group 3 (p < 0.001). Conclusions CCT measured by tono-pachymetry was thinner on average compared to the value measured by USP and the differences in measurements between the two devices were different according to CCT. The thinner the CCT, the thicker the measurement, and the thicker the CCT, the thinner the measurement. Therefore, this trend should be considered when interpreting tono- pachymetry results in clinical practice.