No abstract available.
Drainage* ; Prognosis*

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of ERK and PPAR gamma on the TGF-beta1 induced human endometrial stromal cell decidualization in vitro. METHOD: Endometrial stromal cells are cultured under the following condition: DMEM/F12 (10% FBS, 1 nM E2 and 100 nM P4). TGF-beta1 (5 ng/ml), Rosiglitazone (50 nM), and PD98059 (20 microgram) were added according to experimental purposes. Trypan-Blue and hematocytometer were utilized to count cell number. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and western blotting were utilized to detect proteins. RESULT: TGF-beta1 inhibited proliferation of cultured human endometrial stromal cells and induced expression of PGE2 and prolactin. This effect was mediated by Smad and ERK activation. Administration of rosiglitazone, PPAR gamma agonist, prevented TGF-beta1 effect on cell proliferation. Furthermore, Rosiglitazone inhibited TGF-beta1 induced activation of ERK, consequently reduced PGE2 and prolactin production. CONCLUSION: TGF-beta1 induced decidualization of endometrial stromal cell through Smad and ERK phosphorylation. PPAR gamma acts as a negative regulator of human endometrial cell decidualization in vitro.
Blotting, Western ; Cell Count ; Cell Proliferation ; Dinoprostone ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Humans* ; Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors* ; Phosphorylation ; PPAR gamma ; Prolactin ; Stromal Cells* ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1*

This study was designed to find the effect of Minocycline loaded microcapsule applied locally to tissue by measuring drug concentration in tissue and serum by HPLC and to achieve optimal drug delivery system and duration to a specific target site. Control group were administrated minocycline intramuscularly twice a day with 0.2microgram/100g for 1 to 10 days. In experimental group, surgical wound was created on Rt. cheek and then minocycline loaded microcapsule was applied into the space between superficial and deep layer of masseter muscle. Animals were sacrificed at 1, 3, 5, 7, 10 days after initial administration, blood was obtained from heart and right masseter muscle was excised. Blood sample was centrifuged at 3000rpm for 15min. Tissue sample was homogenized, left at room temperature for 48hr and centrifuged at 4000g for 5min. Supernatant was completely dried and dissolved in distilled water. Analysis was conducted using a mu Bondapack C18 column. The mobile phase was 0.2M Ammonium Oxalate/0.1M EDTA/DMF=11/4/5 solution, which was injected into the column and detected with photodiode detector at 344nm wavelength. The results were as follows: 1. This method was reliable, could be replicated and suitable for minocycline analysis in tissue as well as serum. 2. In tissue, concentration of minocycline of experimental group was higher than that of control group for 5days. 3. Except 1 day, concentration of minocycline in serum of experimental group was lower than that of control group. 4. Concentration of minocycline in tissue was much higher than that in serum. From these results, minocycline loaded microcapsule might be effective tool for local drug delivery system might be useful for treatment of infections of oral and maxillofacial region and management of infected surgical wound, minimizing systemic effects.
Ammonium Compounds ; Animals ; Cheek ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Chromatography, Liquid* ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Heart ; Masseter Muscle ; Minocycline* ; Water ; Wounds and Injuries

Adult ; Humans ; Malocclusion ; Orthodontics ; Tooth

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of abnormal parameters in commonly tested peripheral nerves and clinical findings in diabetic neuropathy. METHOD: Parameters in tested peripheral nerves are all 18 as follows; Distal latency and amplitude of median motor, median sensory, ulnar motor, ulnar sensory, tibial motor, peroneal motor, and sural sensory (14) plus conduction velocity of median motor, ulnar motor, peroneal motor, and tibial motor (4). Person who had at least one abnormal parameter out of 18 parameters counted as abnormal group and then it was divided 3 groups depending on numbers of abnormal parameter as follows; one to two abnormal parameters as mild group, three to five as moderate group, and more than 6 as severe group. RESULTS: The factors which were correlated with number of abnormal parameters on nerve conduction study (NCS) were 1) duration of diabetes mellitus and 2) age of patients but not the level of HbA1c (p<0.05). The involved nerves in the order of frequency were sural sensory (49.7%), peroneal motor (43.2%), median sensory (32.7%), ulnar sensory (31.2%), median motor (29.6%), and ulnar motor (23.1%). In persons having mild grade on NCS, amplitude of sensory nerve action potential (SNAP) was more frequently involved than distal latency of SNAP. Among the parameters, amplitude of median compound muscle action potential (CMAP), amplitude of ulnar CMAP, distal latency of ulnar SNAP and the amplitude and distal latency of tibial CMAP seemed to be less affected in diabetic neuropathy. CONCLUSION: The amplitude of SNAP seemed to be valuable parameter in detection of early diabetic neuropathy.
Action Potentials ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Diabetic Neuropathies* ; Humans ; Neural Conduction* ; Peripheral Nerves

Recurrent abortion has been defined as the occurrence of three or more clinically recognized pregnancy loss before 20 weeks and it occurs in 1% of women. The chromosomal abnormalities of abortuses have been suggested as the most common causes of recurrent abortion. We have studied the incidence of chromosomal abnormalities in 57 patients with recurrent abortion using the chorionic villi samples. Of the 57 abortuses analysed, 32 (56.1%) had chromosomal abnormalities. Trisomy was predominant (23 cases, 40.4%), followed by mosaicism 3 (5.2%), tetraploidy 2 (3.5%), monosomy 2 (3.5%), and structural anomaly 1 (1.8%). Trisomy for the chromosome 16 was most prevalent among trisomies. The incidence of trisomy was positively related to matemal age above 35 year-old. But there is not statistically significant. And there are no correlation between gestational age and chromosomal abnormalities. In conclusion, the incidence of chromosomal abnormalities of recurrent abortuses was 56.1% which was similar to that of the other reports. This means that the analysis of karyotype of chorionic villi, as the first test to investigate the cause of recurrent abortion, may be not useful, however, it will require further.
Abortion, Habitual ; Adult ; Chorion* ; Chorionic Villi Sampling ; Chorionic Villi* ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16 ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Incidence ; Karyotype ; Monosomy ; Mosaicism ; Pregnancy ; Tetraploidy ; Trisomy

PURPOSE: This study investigated the possible relationship between viral infection and first trimester pregnancy loss. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective study was performed on 51 gravidas with missed abortion, fetal anomaly, pre-term delivery, and full-tem delivery at Hanyang University Hospital. Enteroviruses were detected by semi-nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry in abortive tissues and placentas. Enterovirus serotypes were confirmed by genome sequencing. Herpesviruses were detected by PCR. RESULTS: Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) was detected in 8 of 14 missed abortion cases, 1 of 27 full-term cases, and none of the 9 pre-term cases. Coxsackievirus B1 (CVB1) was detected in an encephalocele case. Herpes simplex virus type 1 was found in 4 full-term cases, 3 pre-term cases, and none of the missed abortion cases. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of CVB3 was significantly higher in missed abortion cases compared to full-term or pre-term delivery cases. CVB infection may therefore be an important etiological agent of missed abortion.
Abortion, Missed/*etiology ; Adult ; Coxsackievirus Infections/complications/*diagnosis/virology ; Enterovirus B, Human/genetics/*isolation & purification ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Placenta/virology ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/*virology ; Pregnancy Trimester, First ; Prevalence ; Prospective Studies ; Republic of Korea ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Uterus/*virology

In patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), the BRAF V600E mutation has been reported to be associated with several clinicopathological features and poor survival. However, the prognostic implications of BRAF V600E mutation and the associated clinicopathological characteristics in CRCs remain controversial. Therefore, we reviewed various clinicopathological features, including BRAF status, in 349 primary CRCs and analyzed the relationship between BRAF status and various clinicopathological factors, including overall survival. Similar to previous studies conducted in Eastern countries, the incidence of the BRAF V600E mutation in the current study was relatively low (5.7%). BRAF-mutated CRC exhibits distinct clinicopathological features from wild-type BRAF-expressing cancer independent of the microsatellite instability (MSI) status. This mutation was significantly associated with a proximal tumor location (P = 0.002); mucinous, signet ring cell, and serrated tumor components (P < 0.001, P = 0.003, and P = 0.008, respectively); lymphovascular invasion (P = 0.004); a peritumoral lymphoid reaction (P = 0.009); tumor budding (P = 0.046); and peritoneal seeding (P = 0.012). In conclusion, the incidence of the BRAF V600E mutation was relatively low in this study. BRAF-mutated CRCs exhibited some clinicopathological features which were also frequently observed in MSI-H CRCs, such as a proximal location; mucinous, signet ring cell, and serrated components; and marked peritumoral lymphoid reactions.
Colorectal Neoplasms* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Microsatellite Instability* ; Microsatellite Repeats* ; Mucins

BACKGROUND: During cesarean delivery, hypotension is a frequently occurring adverse effect following spinal anesthesia. Our hypothesis was that hypotension could be avoided or delayed with a lateral decubitus position for 10 minutes after intrathecal injection, by reducing the detrimental effects of the aortocaval compression. METHODS: Spinal anesthesia was performed in the lateral decubitus position with 8 mg of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine and 15 µg of fentanyl. Forty-one patients undergoing elective cesarean delivery were randomly assigned to one of two groups. In the experimental group, patients were maintained in the lateral position for 10 minutes following intrathecal injection (group Decubitus). In the control group, patients were repositioned to supine immediately after the injection (group Supine). Incidence of hypotension, the required dose of ephedrine, and characteristics of the sensory blockade, were subsequently investigated. RESULTS: The incidence of hypotension, the incidence of nausea, and total amount of ephedrine, were not statistically different between the two groups. In group Decubitus, the onset of hypotension was delayed significantly (5.6 ± 1.7 min vs. 13.8 ± 1.7 min, P < 0.001), and the maximal blockade level was more cephalad (T3 [T1–T4] vs. T4 [T3–T5], P < 0.001) when compared to that of group Supine. Apgar scores were comparable in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Maintaining the lateral position for 10 min following intrathecal injection during cesarean delivery did not influence the incidence of maternal hypotension. However, it caused delayed onset of hypotension and higher cephalad spread of sensory block.
Anesthesia, Spinal* ; Bupivacaine ; Ephedrine ; Fentanyl ; Humans ; Hypotension* ; Incidence ; Injections, Spinal ; Nausea

We found the funding acknowledgment in this article was omitted as published.