No abstract available.
Contraception*

This study was conducted to assess macro- and micronutrient compositions in school lunch menus based on the 'Dietary Guideline' for School Lunches. Ninety-five dieticians in elementary school in Chungbuk were asked to complete a questionnaire on characteristics of the school lunch program (such as type of foodservice, food production system), the information about dietitians (such as age, education, and job history), and the extent of the use of processed foods and frozen foods. They were asked to return the questionnaire with the menus including the name and the quantity of every food ingredient offered during a week. A total of 554 lunch menus provided for a week of June 2004 were analyzed. Average nutrient content per meal was as follows; 660 kcal, energy; 92.9 g, carbohydrate; 26.7 g, protein; 21.1 g, fat; 287 microgramRE, vitamin A; 0.5 mg, thiamin; 0.5 mg, riboflavin; 29.3 mg, vitamin C; 338.2 mg, calcium; 3.9 mg, iron; and 97 mg, cholesterol. Average percentages of energy from carbohydrate, protein and fat was 56.2%, 16.2%, and 29.0%, respectively. The mean nutrient content per meal was higher in rural-type than in urban-type schools. The weekly menu of 40% of the schools provided < 55% of energy from carbohydrate, and 39% of the schools offered lunch that provided > or =30% of energy from fat. The micronutrient content was generally high when the percent energy from fat was less than 25%. Our results showed that only 52.6% of the schools provided lunches with the energy composition as in the 'Dietary Guideline' of School Lunches. Whole Milk was the major contributor to fat, saturated fatty acid and cholesterol. We suggest that school foodservices start to provide low fat milk instead of whole milk to reduce fat, saturated fatty acid and cholesterol. If low fat milk is served instead of whole milk, percentage of energy from fat and saturated fat can be reduced from 29% to 25%, and from 10.2% to 9.1%, respectively, and cholesterol could be reduced from 97 mg to 79 mg. Efforts to meet 'Dietary Guideline' for School Lunches should be made, especially to reduce fat intake, while maintaining essential nutrient intake at sufficient levels for children.
Ascorbic Acid ; Calcium ; Child ; Cholesterol ; Chungcheongbuk-do ; Education ; Frozen Foods ; Humans ; Iron ; Lunch* ; Meals ; Micronutrients ; Milk ; Nutritionists ; Riboflavin ; Vitamin A

No abstract available.
Anemia* ; Humans* ; Kidney Failure, Chronic*

Leiomyosarcoma of the soft tissue is a well-defined and characteristic entity histologically, but cytomorphological studes are lacking. A correlaive cytological study of 2 cases of leiomyosarcoma is presented. The smears from case 1 were rich in tumor cells and most cells were arranged in large sheets or clusters. The cells showed round to oval nuclei containing fine chromatin and small promiment nucleoli. The smears from case 2 were moderate in cellularity with loose clusters or isolated cells. The characteristic blunt-ended and cigar-shaped nuclei containing coarse chromatin and prominent nucleoli were identified in case 2. Nuclear atypia, prominent nucleoli and high cellularity permit diagnosis of malignancy, although the atypia is generally less pronounced than in the histology. The cytological diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma may be auxiliary in the diagnosis of recurrence or metastasis in the patients with alleged leiomyosarcoma.
Child* ; Chromatin ; Diagnosis ; Dialysis* ; Humans ; Leiomyosarcoma ; Lipoproteins* ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Recurrence

Human angiotensin converting enzymcC4CE) gene displays an insertion/deletion polymorphism in 16 intron, and three genotypes are determined by presence or absence of a 287-bp fragment of DNA; II, ID and DD genotype. DD genotype has been suggested as a risk factor of various cardiovascular diseases and chronic nephropathies such as IgA nephropathy and diabetic nephropathy. This study was designed to investigate if the ACE polymor-phism is related to the clinical and pathologic findings of minimal change nephrotic syndrome(MCNS) and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis(FSGS) in children. Ninety children with primary nephrotic syndrome(MCNS and steroid responsive nephrotic syndrome : 68 cases, FSGS; 22 cases) and 97 healthy normal controls were examined. The genotype for the polymorphism was determined by PCR method. The distribution of ACE genotypes in primary nephrotic syndrome(II 28.6%, ID 53.8%, DD 17.6%) was not different from that in controls(II 39.2%, ID 41.2%, DD 29.6%). The IJ genotype was more frequent in FSGS(II 64.7%, ID 23.5%, I)D 11.8%) than in MCNS and steroid responsive nephrotic syndrome(I 20.3%, ID 60.8%, DD 18.9%, p<0.03). The ACE genotypes were not associated either with frequency of relapse in MCNS or steroid responsive nephrotic syndrome or with presence of hypertension, responsiveness to steroid therapy and progression of renal dysfunction in FSGS. We concluded that deletion polymorphism of ACE gene is not associated with increased risk for renal progression in children with primary nephrotic syndrome.
Angiotensins* ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Child* ; Diabetic Nephropathies ; DNA ; Genotype ; Glomerulonephritis, IGA ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Introns ; Nephrotic Syndrome* ; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Recurrence ; Risk Factors

There had been total 20 patients with early onset(4 months~2 years) primary nephrotic syndrome in the Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, during the period from March 1987 to February 1993. We analysed clinical courses, response to treatment, pathological findings and prognosis of the patients And the results were as follows; 1) The initial responders to steroid treatment were 10(50%), of whom 3 became late nonresponders. Of the 10 initial nonresponders, 8 revealed continuing nonresponsiveness. 2) Incidence of hypertension was significantly higher in the intial nonresponders than in the initial responders. 3) Renal biopsies were performed in 9 initial nonresponders and 2 late nonresponders. And the results were 6 with minimal change lesion, 4 with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and 1 with mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis. 4) Six continuing or late nonresponders received methylprednisolone pulse therapy or cyclophosphamide. And partial remission was induced in 4 of them. 5) The overall 3 year maintenance rate of normal renal function was 81%(100% in the initial responders and 64% in the initial nonresponders). In conclusion, the initial steroid responsiveness and prognosis were poorer in patients with early onset nephrotic syndrome than in patients with usual childhood nephrotic syndrome.
Biopsy ; Cyclophosphamide ; Glomerulonephritis, Membranoproliferative ; Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Incidence ; Methylprednisolone ; Nephrotic Syndrome* ; Pediatrics ; Prognosis ; Seoul

We reviewed the clinical features, histrologic patterns and clinical courses of 30 children with lupus nephritis retrospectively, and the results were summerized as follows; 1) The male to female ratio was 1:2.8, and the mean age at the onset was 10 8/12 years. 2) The clinical symptoms were diverse, and malaise, weight loss, anorexia, fever and malar rash were the most frequent findings. 3) Among the immunologic tests, FANA and anti-ds-DNA test revealed the highest sensitivity with positive rates of 97% and 87%, respectively. 4) Clinically, 57% of patients had active nephrotic syndrome at the onset, and 33% showed (?) was the most common findings (70%). 5) During the follow-up period, one children with Class IV lupus nephritis expired. And 8 out of 9 cases with renal insufficiency at the onset showed improvement of renal function after treatment with corticosteroid and cytotoxic agents. In conclusion, the clinical features and histologic findings of lupus nephritis in children were diverse. Early diagnosis and proper treatment can prevent rapid deterioration of renal function and improve long-term survival rate.
Anorexia ; Child* ; Cytotoxins ; Early Diagnosis ; Exanthema ; Female ; Fever ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Immunologic Tests ; Lupus Nephritis* ; Male ; Nephrotic Syndrome ; Renal Insufficiency ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; Weight Loss

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Nephrotic Syndrome*

No abstract available.
Child ; Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory*

No abstract available.
Child ; Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory*