PURPOSE: To evaluate the US findings of soft tissue hemangiomas in extremities and to correlate the echo-pattern with MR signal characteristics of hemangiomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively studied forty-two patients either with pathologically proven cases or with characteristic features of hemangiomas on MRI, US and plain film. Hemangiomas were divided into two types according to the locations;subcutaneous and intramuscular. Analytic points on US and MR findings were gross morphology of the mass, internal echo-pattern or signal characteristics. We correlated the echo-pattern with MR signal characteristics in hemangiomas. RESULTS: Subcutaneous hemangiomas revealed homogeneously anechoic mass on US, which were well correlated with MR signal characteristics' homogeneous low singnal intensity(SI) on Tl-weighted image(WI) and high SI on T2-WI. Intramuscular hemangiomas showed heterogeneously mixed echoic masses on US. An anechoic component on US corresponded to dilated vascular channels on MRI. The signal intensity of intramuscular hemangioma was less than that of subcutaneous fat on T1-WI and greater than that of fat on T2-WI. Both types of hemangiomas had tubular or lace-like appearance with interspersed fibrofatty septa. CONCLUSION: The echo-patterns in US were well associated with MR signal characteristics on MRI. Regarding US and MR features, intramuscular hemangiomas were different to subcutaneous hemangiomas.
Extremities* ; Hemangioma* ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Retrospective Studies ; Subcutaneous Fat

Organophosphate is known to damage both the peripheral and central nervous system. We report a case of organophosphate-induced peripheral polyneuropathy with myelopathy. A 46 years old woman who had ingested a large amount of insecticide (organophosphate) was transported to our hospital. Following medical treatment, she was transferred to the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine 1 month later. Upon admission to rehabilitation medicine, the patient was quadriplegic with markedly decreased muscle tone and strength. Electrodiagnostic examination revealed low amplitude of sensory nerve action potential (SNAP), unevokable compound muscle action potential in distal muscles and abnormal spontaneous activities with needle electromyography, which were compatible with peripheral polyneuropathy. Three months later, motor and sensory function of upper extremities were normalized. The muscle tone of lower extremity increased to Ashworth grade II. Follow-up electrodiagnostic examination revealed normalization of SNAP and disappearance of spontaneous activities, but somatosensory evoked potential which were initially normal, revealed prolonged P40 latencies in the lower extremities. These electrophysiological findings were thought to result from the spinal cord lesion and correlated with clinical findings. We diagnosed the patient as peripheral polyneuropathy with delayed myelopathy induced by organophosphate.
Action Potentials ; Central Nervous System ; Electromyography ; Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lower Extremity ; Middle Aged ; Muscle Hypotonia ; Muscles ; Needles ; Polyneuropathies* ; Rehabilitation ; Sensation ; Spinal Cord ; Spinal Cord Diseases* ; Upper Extremity

No abstract available.
MELAS Syndrome*

OBJECTIVES: This study was performed to investigate the relationship between age of onset in late-life depression and T2 hyperintensities observed in the brain MRI, we tried to see part of pathophysiology of late-life depression. METHOD: The subjects consisted of 18 patients whose first depressive episode occurred before age 50, and 20 patients whose first depressive episode occurred after age 50 years, and 20 agematched controls. Depressive patients were diagnosed according to DSM-IV. Established hyperintensity rating systems were used to analyse the T2 weighted images and blood pressure, cholesterol level, DM, EKG were measured to compare the relationships. RESULTS: 1) Signal hyperintensities on T2 weighted image were more severe in late-life depressive patients whose first depressive episode after age 50 (p<0.05) and there is no significant difference between patients whose first episode before age 50 and age-matched control subjects. 2) Mild signal hyperintensities were observed in all elderly depressed patients and control subjects, but severe hyperintensities were observed in late-onset depression. 3) Signal hyperintensities were related to age, hypertension, blood cholesterol level (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The late onset depressive patients had more white matter hyperintensities on T2 weighted image than early onset depressive patients. this results support previous hypothesis that white matter change is the important biological factor of late-onset elderly depression and old age, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia may be associated with signal hyperintensities.
Age of Onset ; Aged ; Biological Factors ; Blood Pressure ; Brain* ; Cholesterol ; Depression ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Electrocardiography ; Humans ; Hypercholesterolemia ; Hypertension ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging*

Sex typing may become the start point in investigations that are usually performed through amelogenin typing. In cases involving genotype-phenotype discrepancy, amelogenin typing could yield misleading results. The rare XX male syndrome is characterized by a phenotypic male with a 46, XX female karyotype. In this point, this case report would help understand the importance of genotype-phenotype discrepancy.
Amelogenin ; Female ; Genes, sry ; Humans ; Karyotype ; Klinefelter Syndrome ; Male ; Y Chromosome

No abstract available.
Drainage* ; Prognosis*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate factors which effect clinical nurses' exhaustion. METHODS: This research was conducted targeting 140 clinical nurses. Data were collected from 18 September to 30 September 2015. Data were analyzed using the program SPSS/WIN 18.0. Descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and Stepwise multiple regression analysis were used. RESULTS: Burnout was significantly different by age (F=7.99, p=.001), marital status (t=8.69, p=.004), department area (F=7.65, p<.001), frequency of night work in a month (F=7.65, p=<.001), and clinical career (F=3.68, p=.028). There was positive correlations between menstrual attitudes of participants and premenstrual syndrome (r=34, p<.001), menstrual attitudes and stress (r=.40, p<.001), and menstrual attitudes and burnout (r=.16, p=.031). There were positive correlations between premenstrual syndrome and stress (r=.46, p<.001), between premenstrual syndrome and burnout (r=.35, p<.001), and between stress and burnout (r=.36, p<.001). Factors influencing burnout were premenstrual syndrome (β=.335) and age (β=.216), with an explanatory power of 18.0%. CONCLUSION: There is a need to develop and apply program for reducing clinical nurses' pre-menstrual syndrome. In addition, policies are needed to allow for menstruation leave, thereby making it legal.
Female ; Marital Status ; Menstruation ; Premenstrual Syndrome*

OBJECTIVE: To document the outcome of the conservative treatment in plantar heel pain patients. Specific objectives included the evaluation the difference of outcome between patients, who revealed the different clinical menifestation, and the evaluation of prognostic factors. METHOD: We devided the plantar heel pain patients to two groups by the location of maximal tenderness on the heel(Group A - localized severe tenderness over the medial calcaneal tuberosity, Group B - diffuse tenderness over the central heel) and performed the conservative treatment according to a standard protocol(relative rest,nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications and stretching exercise during initial 2 weeks. And then viscoelastic polymer heel cushion, functional custom-made insole for all patients. Steroid injections were used for the patients of Group A who suffer from pain despite of standard treatment. In order to evaluate the results, we reviewed all charts and conducted the follow-up survey by questionnairs. 21 patients(8 males, 13 females; 26 heels; average age, 47.9 years; 15 group A, 6 group B) were available for review. RESULTS: The average follow-up was 9 months. Clinical results were classified as good(resolution of symptoms) for 3 patients, fair(continued symptoms but no limitation of activity) for 13 patients, poor(continued symptoms limiting activity) for 5 patients. The overall successful improvement(including good and fair) were 76.2% within 2.6 months. There were no significant difference of the successful improvement between two groups, which were 73.3% in group A, 83.3% in group B. The overweight was the only predictive factor of poor result. CONCLUSION: The outcome of a conservative treatment in patients with plantar heel pain is successful. But it is not different in spite of difference of clinical menifestation.
Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Heel* ; Humans ; Male ; Overweight ; Polymers

The present report presents a case of dens invaginatus (DI) in a patient with 4 maxillary incisors. A 24-year-old female complained of swelling of the maxillary left anterior region and discoloration of the maxillary left anterior tooth. The maxillary left lateral incisor (tooth #22) showed pulp necrosis and a chronic apical abscess, and a periapical X-ray demonstrated DI on bilateral maxillary central and lateral incisors. All teeth responded to a vitality test, except tooth #22. The anatomic form of tooth #22 was similar to that of tooth #12, and both teeth had lingual pits. In addition, panoramic and periapical X-rays demonstrated root canal calcification, such as pulp stones, in the maxillary canines, first and second premolars, and the mandibular incisors, canines, and first premolars bilaterally. The patient underwent root canal treatment of tooth #22 and non-vital tooth bleaching. After a temporary filling material was removed, the invaginated mass was removed using ultrasonic tips under an operating microscope. The working length was established, and the root canal was enlarged up to #50 apical size and obturated with gutta-percha and AH 26 sealer using the continuous wave of condensation technique. Finally, non-vital bleaching was performed, and the access cavity was filled with composite resin.
Abscess ; Bicuspid ; Dental Pulp Calcification ; Dental Pulp Cavity ; Dental Pulp Necrosis ; Female ; Gutta-Percha ; Humans ; Incisor ; Tooth ; Tooth Bleaching ; Ultrasonics ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: This study was performed to investigate the epidemiology of enterovirus (EV) infections in children at a secondary hospital during recent 5 years. METHODS: We collected the cerebrospinal fluid, stool and throat swab samples from the pediatric patients with suspected EV infections in KEPCO Medical Center, Seoul, Korea from July 2006 to September 2010. EV detection and genotype identification were performed by RT-PCR at Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. RESULTS: A total of 386 samples were collected from 277 patients during study period. Ninety-eight patients (35.4%) were diagnosed with EV infections. The RT-PCR positive rate was the highest in throat swab samples (48.3%). The median age of patient was 4.7 years (range, 0.1-12.5 years). Aseptic meningitis (50, 51.0%) was the most common clinical manifestation; herpangina (22, 22.4%) and hand-foot-mouth disease (18, 18.4%). One hundred EVs were isolated from 98 patients and 20 genotypes of EV were identified; Echovirus 30 (28 cases, 28%), Enterovirus 71 (12 cases, 12%), Echovirus 25 (10 cases, 10%), Echovirus 9 (9 cases, 9%) and Coxsackievirus A6 (8 cases, 8%). Aseptic meningitis caused by Echovirus 30 was the most common manifestation in 2008. There was no complicated case caused by Enterovirus 71. CONCLUSION: This study showed the epidemiology of confirmed EV infection in children from 2006 to 2010. There is a need for continuous surveillance of EV infections and its clinical manifestations.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) ; Child ; Echovirus 9 ; Enterovirus ; Enterovirus B, Human ; Enterovirus Infections ; Genotype ; Herpangina ; Humans ; Korea ; Meningitis, Aseptic ; Pharynx