No abstract available.
Aneurysm, Infected* ; Endocarditis* ; Mesenteric Artery, Superior*

PURPOSE: There has been little research regarding the effectiveness of oseltamivir for influenza B infections. We sought to identify the different clinical manifestations between patients treated with and without oseltamivir. METHODS: We retrospectively studied the medical records of 72 inpatients or outpatients from two medical centers diagnosed with influenza B infections by either a rapid antigen test or multiplex reverse transcriptase PCR between January 2012 and July 2012. We compared gender, age, past medical history, admission period, total fever duration, fever duration after hospitalization, post-oseltamivir medication peak temperature, laboratory test, chest X-ray, antibiotic medication, and the presence of concomitant viral or bacterial infections. RESULTS: The number of subjects in our study was 72 who were diagnosed with influenza B pneumonia, acute bronchitis, acute bronchiolitis, croup, and mean age was 3.6+/-2.8 year old. The demographic characteristics and clinical manifestations of oseltamivir and the non-oseltamivir groups, including hospitalization period (4.18+/-2.10 vs 4.79+/-1.49 days, P=.17) and total fever duration (5.32+/-2.07 vs 6.41+/-3.25 days, P=.09), demonstrated no significant differences. Notably, the oseltamivir group did have significantly reduced usage of antibiotic treatment than the non-oseltamivir group (P=.04). When we limited our patient group to patients under the age of three, similar results were seen. The group prescribed oseltamivir within 48 hours of fever onset had less antibiotic usage, in addition to a shorter fever duration. CONCLUSION: Oseltamivir appeared to have no benefit in improving the clinical course. However, if it is prescribed within the first 48 hours of symptoms, it may be more effective.
Bacterial Infections ; Bronchiolitis ; Bronchitis ; Child* ; Croup ; Fever ; Hospitalization ; Hospitals, University* ; Humans ; Influenza B virus* ; Influenza, Human ; Inpatients ; Medical Records ; Oseltamivir* ; Outpatients ; Pneumonia ; Retrospective Studies ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Thorax

No abstract available.
Animals ; Cell Line* ; Guinea Pigs* ; Guinea* ; Hantaan virus* ; Humans*

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the intrauterine hypoxic effect in term small-for-date (SGA) neonates by comparing the umbilical venous erythropoietin (EPO) concentration between appropriately-grown (AGA) and SGA neonates at delivery and to determine the variables that correlate with the umbilical venous EPO concentration by multiple regression analysis. METHODS: 183 term singleton neonates (gestational weeks > OR =37) were enrolled and divided into 136 cases of AGA (10th-90th percentile of birth weight for the gestational age) and 47 cases of SGA (< 10th percentile of birth weight for the gestational age. At each delivery, blood gas values, concentration of EPO by radioimmunoassay and the number of nucleated erythrocytes (NRBC) per 100 white blood cells in smear of umbilical venous blood were obtained. The placentas were examined microscopically for presence of pathological infarct. Statistical analysis was done by Mann-Whitney U test, x2 test, and univariate and multiple regression analysis using SPSS statistical package (version 10). RESULTS: The median umbilical venous EPO concentration, fetal hemoglobin level were significantly higher in SGA neonates than those in AGA neonates. There was no difference in number of NRBC between AGA and SGA neonates. Multiple regression analysis model with level of NRBC, presence of placental infarct and SGA provided prediction of EPO level in umbilical venous blood at delivery (regression equation: EPO=-103.94+4.75NRBC+68.07placental infarct+36.40SGA F=15.57. r2=0.47). CONCLUSION: Term SGA neonates was considered to have compensatory, not pathological intrauterine hypoxic effect by showing increased level of EPO and normal level of NRBC in umbilical venous blood at delivery, compared with thoses of AGA. In the suspected cases of SGA antenatally, measurement of NRBC level and placental pathologic examination for infarct can be informative for estimating the extent and duration of intrauterine hypoxia.
Anoxia ; Birth Weight ; Erythroblasts ; Erythropoietin* ; Fetal Hemoglobin ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Leukocytes ; Placenta ; Pregnancy* ; Radioimmunoassay

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the intrauterine hypoxic effect in term small-for-date (SGA) neonates by comparing the umbilical venous erythropoietin (EPO) concentration between appropriately-grown (AGA) and SGA neonates at delivery and to determine the variables that correlate with the umbilical venous EPO concentration by multiple regression analysis. METHODS: 183 term singleton neonates (gestational weeks > OR =37) were enrolled and divided into 136 cases of AGA (10th-90th percentile of birth weight for the gestational age) and 47 cases of SGA (< 10th percentile of birth weight for the gestational age. At each delivery, blood gas values, concentration of EPO by radioimmunoassay and the number of nucleated erythrocytes (NRBC) per 100 white blood cells in smear of umbilical venous blood were obtained. The placentas were examined microscopically for presence of pathological infarct. Statistical analysis was done by Mann-Whitney U test, x2 test, and univariate and multiple regression analysis using SPSS statistical package (version 10). RESULTS: The median umbilical venous EPO concentration, fetal hemoglobin level were significantly higher in SGA neonates than those in AGA neonates. There was no difference in number of NRBC between AGA and SGA neonates. Multiple regression analysis model with level of NRBC, presence of placental infarct and SGA provided prediction of EPO level in umbilical venous blood at delivery (regression equation: EPO=-103.94+4.75NRBC+68.07placental infarct+36.40SGA F=15.57. r2=0.47). CONCLUSION: Term SGA neonates was considered to have compensatory, not pathological intrauterine hypoxic effect by showing increased level of EPO and normal level of NRBC in umbilical venous blood at delivery, compared with thoses of AGA. In the suspected cases of SGA antenatally, measurement of NRBC level and placental pathologic examination for infarct can be informative for estimating the extent and duration of intrauterine hypoxia.
Anoxia ; Birth Weight ; Erythroblasts ; Erythropoietin* ; Fetal Hemoglobin ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Leukocytes ; Placenta ; Pregnancy* ; Radioimmunoassay

Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia (PASH) of the breast occurs in premenopausal women and is characterized by anastomosing channels lined by spindle cells. It has been suggested to be of hormonal origin. This unusual condition may also be mistaken for a vascular tumor. We analyzed eight cases of PASH of the breast in Samsung Cheil Hospital from 1992 through 1998. All patients were premenopausal and had painless breast lump. Clinical diagnoses were fibroadenomas. Grossly, the masses were well circumscribed, nonhemorrhagic and measure 2.2 to 5 cm. Histologically, they consisted of complex interanastomosing channels lined by slender spindle cells, which resembled low grade angiosarcoma. Cells that line the interanastomosing channels showed no immunoreactivity for Factor VIII and electron microscopic findings consistent with fibroblast. All patients were treated with surgical excision and none of them had recurrence for 1 to 69 months (mean: 19 months) postoperatively. Pathologic diagnosis of PASH may be difficult unless the pathologists are aware of the presence of a mass lesion and appreciate the characteristic stromal changes. PASH should be included in the differential diagnosis of a circumscribed mass, especially in the premenopausal women.
Breast* ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Factor VIII ; Female ; Fibroadenoma ; Fibroblasts ; Hemangiosarcoma ; Humans ; Hyperplasia* ; Recurrence

Magnetic Resonance image(MRI) is used as the diagnostic modality for evaluation of suspected intramedullary tumors and differential diagnosis of these tumors at the spinal cord. We experienced intramedullary astrocytoma of cerviced cord with large syrinx and multiple peritumoral cysts consisted of subacute and chronic hemorrhage at the margin and within the syrinx and cysts on MRI.
Astrocytoma* ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Hemorrhage* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Spinal Cord*

Recently developed new classifications (Holland, Van Nuys, modified Lagios) of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) linked to outcome have emphasized the importance of nuclear morphology rather than architecture. We have evaluated these three classifications in ductal carcinomas composed of in situ and invasive carcinomas. The reproducibility of three classifications was assessed (n=49), and the histological grade of the DCIS was compared with the histologic differentiation (modified Bloom & Richardson method) and nuclear grade (modified Black method) of the coexisting invasive ductal carcinoma (n=45). According to Holland classification, the DCIS component was poorly differentiated in 51.0%, intermediately differentiated in 40.8%, and well differentiated in 8.2%. Using the Van Nuys classification, the DCIS component was group 3 (high grade with or without necrosis) in 44.9%, group 2 (non-high grade with necrosis) in 28.6%, and group 1 (non-high grade without necrosis) in 26.5%. According to the modified Lagios classification, the DCIS component was high-grade in 42.8%, intermediate-grade in 32.7%, and low-grade in 24.5%. The histologic grades of the three classifications revealed significant correlations between Holland and Van Nuys classification (p<0.0001) and between Holland and modified Lagios classification (p<0.0001), especially in poorly differentiated/group 3/high-grade DCIS. The reproducibility of classification of the DCIS was 71.4% in the Holland, 61.2% in the Van Nuys, and 55.1% in the modified Lagios classifications. The grade of the DCIS showed significant correlation with the grade of coexisting invasive ductal carcinoma (p<0.0001), especially in poorly differentiated/group 3/high-grade DCIS. In conclusion, DCIS grade, determined by the Holland, Van Nuys or modified Lagios classifications, is closely correlated with the histologic grade of the invasive ductal component in tumors composed of in situ and invasive ductal carcinoma, and may be a useful factor to estimate clinical behavior of DCIS. In our experience the Holland classification is recommended for DCIS classification due to its high reproducibility.
Breast* ; Carcinoma, Ductal* ; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating* ; Classification* ; Netherlands

OBJECTIVE: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) increases angiogenesis. It is known that one of angiogenetic factors, angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) stabilizes maturity of normal vessels and angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) antagonizes the action of angiopoietin-1 by binding Tie-2 that is their receptor. Recently those factors are known to be involved in carcinogenesis. The aim was to investigate the mRNA expression of those factors in epithelial ovarian cancer including normal ovary and ovarian cyst and to evaluate their role in ovarian carcinogenesis. METHODS: The tissue samples of 16 ovarian cyst, and 29 epithelial ovarian cancer patients who were diagnosed at Ewha Woman's University MokDong Hospital from 1997 to 2003, and 18 normal ovary subjects who had hysterectomy and salpingoophorectomy due to uterine myoma and confirmed as normal controls, were obtained. The mRNA expressions of Angiopoietin-1, Angiopoietin-2, Tie-2 and Vascular endothelial growth factor were measured by Quantitative Competitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Their expressions were analyzed with ANOVA test and Spearman correlation test. RESULTS: The expressions of Ang-1 mRNA were higher in normal ovary than those of ovarian cyst and ovarian cancer (p<0.05). The expressions of Tie-2 mRNA were higher in ovarian cyst than those of normal ovary and ovarian cancer (p<0.05). The expressions of VEGF mRNA were higher in ovarian cancer than those of normal ovary and ovarian cyst (p<0.05). The expression of Ang-2 mRNA in ovarian cancer was related with the expression of VEGF and Tie-2 mRNA. CONCLUSION: The lower expression of Ang-1 mRNA and higher expression of VEGF mRNA might be a role in ovarian carcinogenesis. The expression of Ang-1, Tie-2 and VEGF might be related to ovarian carcinogenesis, together. However, this study is based on limited number of cases and short-term period of follow up, further prospective studies on a larger population should be done.
Angiopoietin-1* ; Angiopoietin-2* ; Carcinogenesis ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Leiomyoma ; Ovarian Cysts* ; Ovarian Neoplasms* ; Ovary* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA, Messenger* ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A*

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine thymosin beta4 expression in epithelial ovarian cancer compared to normal ovarian tissue. METHODS: Normal and pathologic ovarian tissues were obtained from healthy women (n=18), and from patients with ovarian cancer (n=27). The expression of thymosin beta4 mRNA was examined by quantitative competitive polymerase chain reaction (QC PCR). Thymosin beta4 mRNA expression was examined with angiopoietic factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor, angiopoietin-1 and 2. RESULTS: The expression of thymosin beta4 mRNA in epithelial ovarian cancer was higher than that in the normal ovary (p<0.05). Thymosin beta4 mRNA expression was not correlated with ovarian cancer stages, pathologic types, preoperative CA125 levels, or metastasis to lymph nodes but was correlated with the expression vascular endothelial growth factor and angiopoietin-2 (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that overexpression of thymosin beta4 mRNA may be a biologic marker to differentiate epithelial ovarian cancer from normal ovary and it may play a role in angiogenesis of epithelial ovarian cancer.
Angiogenesis Inducing Agents ; Angiopoietin-1 ; Angiopoietin-2 ; Biomarkers ; Female ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; Ovary ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA, Messenger ; Thymosin ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A