A retrospective morphological study was conducted on 1677 lymph nodes which were removed surgically under the diagnosis of gastric carcinoma, breast carcinoma, colonic carcinoma, chronic gastric ulcer, and superficial lymph nodes nuder the diagnosis of reactive follicular hyperplasia at Chosun University Hospital during a period of 5 years from 1980 to 1984. The hematoxylin and eosin stained sections were examined to evaluate for any vascular changes. In selected cases further levels were prepared from the paraffin blocks for Gomori's reticulin stain. The vascular abnormalities were divided into 3 groups, such as hemangiomatoid, pan-nodal vasodilatation and miscellaneous types. The miscellaneous type included the proliferation of smooth muscle which encircled numerous small hilar arteries and veins. The results obtained were as follows: 1) The hemangiomatoid lesions were localized lesions which appeared to be associated with local malignancy, but infrequent in incidence. 2) A more frequent vascular abnormality was pan-nodal vasodilatation, which tend to affect many nodes in a single group and is relatively associated with chronic gastric ulcer. 3) Miscellaneous lesion was nonspecific and appeared both local malignancy and chronic inflammation. 4) All three vascular reactions were somewhat more frequent in female than male.
Female ; Humans ; Incidence

No abstract available.
Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the US findings of soft tissue hemangiomas in extremities and to correlate the echo-pattern with MR signal characteristics of hemangiomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively studied forty-two patients either with pathologically proven cases or with characteristic features of hemangiomas on MRI, US and plain film. Hemangiomas were divided into two types according to the locations;subcutaneous and intramuscular. Analytic points on US and MR findings were gross morphology of the mass, internal echo-pattern or signal characteristics. We correlated the echo-pattern with MR signal characteristics in hemangiomas. RESULTS: Subcutaneous hemangiomas revealed homogeneously anechoic mass on US, which were well correlated with MR signal characteristics' homogeneous low singnal intensity(SI) on Tl-weighted image(WI) and high SI on T2-WI. Intramuscular hemangiomas showed heterogeneously mixed echoic masses on US. An anechoic component on US corresponded to dilated vascular channels on MRI. The signal intensity of intramuscular hemangioma was less than that of subcutaneous fat on T1-WI and greater than that of fat on T2-WI. Both types of hemangiomas had tubular or lace-like appearance with interspersed fibrofatty septa. CONCLUSION: The echo-patterns in US were well associated with MR signal characteristics on MRI. Regarding US and MR features, intramuscular hemangiomas were different to subcutaneous hemangiomas.
Extremities* ; Hemangioma* ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Retrospective Studies ; Subcutaneous Fat

Imaging studies play an important role in the detection, diagnosis, assessment of resectability, staging, and determination of patient-tailored treatment options for pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Recently, for patients diagnosed with borderline resectable or locally advanced pancreatic cancers, it is recommended to consider curative-intent surgery following neoadjuvant or palliative therapy, if possible. This review covers how to interpret imaging tests and what to consider when assessing resectability, diagnosing distant metastasis, and re-assessing the resectability of pancreatic cancer after neoadjuvant or palliative therapy.

Imaging studies play an important role in the detection, diagnosis, assessment of resectability, staging, and determination of patient-tailored treatment options for pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Recently, for patients diagnosed with borderline resectable or locally advanced pancreatic cancers, it is recommended to consider curative-intent surgery following neoadjuvant or palliative therapy, if possible. This review covers how to interpret imaging tests and what to consider when assessing resectability, diagnosing distant metastasis, and re-assessing the resectability of pancreatic cancer after neoadjuvant or palliative therapy.

BACKGROUND: Magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) is widely used in the treatment of preeclamptic Hyperreflexia. Eclamptic convulsions are almost always prevented by MgSO4 in plasma concentrations of 4 to 7 mEq/L. It is well known that MgSO4 enhances the effect of nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockade. But the onset time of rocuronium is not shortened by MgSO4. METHODS: The effect of magnesium on the onset time of rocuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade was investigated in vitro rat phrenic nerve-hemidiaphragm preparation. The phrenic nerve-hemidiaphragm was dissected and suspended in an organ bath containing modified Krebs' solution and produced single twitch responses under 0.2 ms, 0.1 Hz, electrical stimulation. We added rocuronium until the twitch height decreased more than 95% of the initial level and determined a dose in 95% decrease twitch height as an effective concentration (EC95). After the administration of MgSO4, the onset time of neuromuscular blockade by rocuronium 1 x EC95, 1.5 x EC95, 2 x EC95 was compared with the onset time without MgSO4. RESULTS: EC50 and EC95 of rocuronium was 0.178 and 1.10 mg/dl. After administration of MgSO4, the concentration of Mg2 in the organ bath was 4.38 mEq/L. The onset time of the neuromuscular blockade by 1 x EC95 rocuronium was significantly shortened, but in the case of over 1.5 x EC95, it was not influenced by MgSO4. CONCLUSIONS: The concentration of Mg2 was within the therapeutic range for inhibition of uterine contraction. The onset time of rocuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade was shortened by magnesium but because a high dose of rocuronium was administered for intubation due to low potency and high plasma concentration, the effect of magnesium on the onset time of rocuronium seems to be masked. Therefore clinically, the onset time of rocuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade was not shortened by MgSO4.
Animals ; Baths ; Electric Stimulation ; Intubation ; Magnesium ; Magnesium Sulfate ; Masks ; Neuromuscular Blockade* ; Plasma ; Rats* ; Reflex, Abnormal ; Seizures ; Uterine Contraction

BACKGROUND: Although pain after cholecystectomy was reduced significantly since the advent of laparoscopic surgery, many patients still complain of moderate pain after the surgery. Recently intraperitoneal instillation of local anesthetics is known as safe, simple, and effective method of treatment for pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. METHODS: Three groups are randomized; group I (normal saline 80 ml), group II (0.5% lidocaine 80 ml+1:400,000 epinephrine) and group III (0.125% bupivacaine 80 ml+1:400,000 epinephrine). Local anesthetics are instilled via subdiaphragmatic trocar hole just after creation of carboperitoneum. Visual analogue scale (VAS), total used analgesics amount, time to first analgesics request, time to out of first flatus and complications are compared. Lidocaine blood concentrations are checked in five cases of the patients after lidocaine instillation. RESULTS: The VAS was insignificant among groups except 3 hr, 6 hr postoperatively. Time to first analgesics request are prolonged in lidocaine and bupivacaine group. Used analgesics amount are significantly less in lidocaine group than control group. Time to out of first flatus was significantly shorter in bupivacaine group. No significant complications were noted. The blood concentration of lidocaine were variable and the highest concentration in five of one case was 1.8 microgram/ml. CONCLUSIONS: Although intraperitoneal instillation of local anesthetics is simple, safe method for controlling pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy, it is not so much effective because of dilution with irrigating saline and suctioning intraoperatively and postoperative scavenging by evacuator.
Analgesics ; Anesthetics, Local* ; Bupivacaine ; Cholecystectomy ; Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic* ; Flatulence ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Lidocaine ; Pain, Postoperative* ; Suction ; Surgical Instruments

Purpose: This study was undertaken to update the Nutrition Quotient for Elderly (NQ-E), which reflects dietary quality and behavior among Korean older adults. Methods: The first 29 items of the measurable food behavior checklist were obtained from a previous NQ-E checklist, recent literature reviews, and national nutrition policies and recommendations. One-hundred subjects (50 men and 50 women) aged ≥ 65 years living in the Seoul Metropolitan Area, including Gyeonggi Province, completed a pilot survey from March to April 2021. Based on the results of the pilot study, we conducted factor analysis and frequency analysis to determine whether the items of the survey were properly organized and whether the distribution of answers for each evaluation item was properly distributed. As a result, we reduced the number of items on the food behavior checklist and used 23 items for the national survey. Nationwide, 1,000 subjects (472 men and 528 women) aged > 65 years, completed the checklist survey, which was applied using a face-to-face survey method from May to August 2021. The construct validity of the NQ-E 2021 was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis, LISREL. Results: Seventeen food behavior checklist items were selected for the final NQ-E 2021.Checklist items addressed three factors: balance (8 items), moderation (2 items), and practice (7 items). Standardized path coefficients were used as the weights of items to determine nutrition quotients. NQ-E and three-factor scores were calculated according to the weights of questionnaire items. Conclusion The updated NQ-E 2021 produced by structural equation modelling provides a suitable tool for assessing the dietary quality and behavior of Korean older adults.

Purpose: This study was undertaken to revise and update the Nutrition Quotient (NQ) for Korean adults, a tool used to evaluate dietary quality and behavior. Methods: The first 31 items of the measurable food behavior checklist were adopted based on considerations of the previous NQ checklist, recent literature reviews, national nutrition policies, and recommendations. A pilot survey was conducted on 100 adults aged 19 to 64 residing in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province from March to April 2021 using a provisional 26-item checklist. Pilot survey data were analyzed using factor analysis and frequency analysis to determine whether checklist items were well organized and responses to questions were well distributed, respectively. As a result, the number of items on the food behavior checklist was reduced to 23 for the nationwide survey, which was administered to 1,000 adults (470 men and 530 women) aged 19 to 64 from May to August 2021. The construct validity of the developed NQ (NQ-2021) was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis, linear structural relations. Results: Eighteen items in 3 categories, that is, balance (8 items), moderation (6 items), and practice (4 items), were finally included in NQ-2021 food behavior checklist. ‘Balance’ items addressed the intake frequencies of essential foods, ‘moderation’ items the frequencies of unhealthy food intakes or behaviors, and ‘practice’ items addressed eating behaviors. Items and categories were weighted using standardized path coefficients to calculate NQ-2021 scores. Conclusion The updated NQ-2021 appears to be suitable for easily and quickly assessing the diet qualities and behaviors of Korean adults.

Purpose: This study was conducted to update the Nutrition Quotient for Adolescents (NQ-A), which is used to assess the overall dietary quality and food behavior among Korean adolescents. Methods: The first 30 candidate items of the measurable eating behavior checklist were obtained based on a previous NQ-A checklist, the results of the seventh Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data, Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey data, national nutrition policies and dietary guidelines, and literature reviews. A total of 100 middle and high school students residing in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province participated in a pilot study using the 25-item checklist. Factor analysis and frequency analysis were conducted to determine if the checklist items were organized properly and whether the responses to each item were distributed adequately, respectively. As a result, 22 checklist items were selected for the nationwide survey, which was applied to 1,000 adolescent subjects with stratified sampling from 6 metropolitan cities. The construct validity of the updated NQ-A 2021 was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis. Results: Twenty checklist items were determined for the final NQ-A 2021. The items were composed of three factors: balance (8 items), moderation (9 items), and practice (3 items). The standardized path coefficients were used as the weights of items to determine the nutrition quotients. NQ-A 2021 and 3-factor scores were calculated according to the weights of questionnaire items. The weight for each of the 3 factors was determined as follows: balance, 0.15; moderation, 0.30; and practice, 0.55. Conclusion The updated NQ-A 2021 is a useful instrument for easily and quickly evaluating the dietary qualities and eating behaviors of Korean adolescents