The purpose of this study is to find out the effects of personal characteristics. social support, depression, and metamemory on the older adults' memory performances. The subjects of the study consisted of 95 older adults over the age of 60 who are living in Busan. Some data were collected by means of the interview method, using questionnaires for metamemory (MIA questionnaire by Dixon. et al., 1988). and depression(GDS by Yesavage and Sheikl, 1986), social resoueces(Duke university, 1978), family support(Hyun-Sook Kang, 1985)' The other data were collected by the testing method on the memory performance such as the immeadiate word recall task, the delayed word recall task, the word recognition task(Elderly Verbal Learning Test by Kyung Mi Choi, 1998), and the face recognition task(Face Recognition Task tool developed by Hye-Sook Min). The results of this study were as follows: 1. The level of metamemory is 3.4 points in the 5 point scale, the grades of the task and the achievement are relatively high and the grades of the change, the control, and the anxiety are relatively low in the sub-concepts. 2. Metamemory have significant relation with age(r=-.44), educational attainment(r=.46), depression(r=-.58), family support(r=.20). social resources(r= .20). 3. The significant variables to predict older adults metamemory are educational attainment(22%). sex(11%), age(8.3%), depression(4.7%), and illness state(3%). 4. The strong variables to predict memory performances are metamemory, age, depression. social resources, educational, attainment, ilness state, and limitation of daily living activity related to illness. In conclusion, the enhancement strategies of metamemory and the social support and the prevention or reduction of depression are necessary to increase older adults' memory performances. Ultimately in this respect nurses' roles are very important in developing and performing some intervention programs for old adults' memory improvement, which have significant meanings in the fie1d of nursing science.
Activities of Daily Living ; Adult ; Anxiety ; Busan ; Depression ; Humans ; Memory* ; Nursing ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Verbal Learning

PURPOSE: This study tries to analyze the differences of memory performance and the metamemory of the elderly women according to degree of depression. And also it attempts to find the correlations among the sub-concepts of metamemory which have close relationships to the memory performance followed by the depression. Methods: The subjects of this study are 60 the elderly women who are older than sixty years in Busan city, Korea. We use the MIA (Dixon, et al., 1988) to measure metamemory and measure the memory performances such as the immeadiate word recall. the delayed word recall, the word recognition task, and face recognition. RESULTS: 1. The average point of deprssed elderly womens' metamemory was significantly lower than non-depressed womens' point(t=10.86 p .0017), Looking into subconcept of metamemory, depressed elderly womens' strategy, capacity, change. achievement point were significantly lower than non-depressed women. 2. In terms of immediate word recall and delayed word recall performances, depressed elderly women are significantly lower than non-depressed elderly women. 3. The degree of depressed elderly womens' metamemory(strategy, achievement, change, capacity) has significant correlations with immediate word recall performances. CONCLUSION: Metamemory has close relationship with the memory performance of elderly women. And also depressed elderly's sub-concepts of metamemory which have influences on their memory performance are different from non-depressed elderly's sub-concepts. Therefore, when we try to develop some programs to prevent memory decrease of elderly women, we should take these point into consideration.
Aged* ; Busan ; Depression* ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Memory*

This quasi-experimental study was done to test the effects of metamemory enhancing program for elderly women. Data were collected 12 to 30, August 2002 from 34elderly women over 65 years living in Busan city. Subjects were 15 of experimental group and 19 of control group. The metamemory enhancing program was developed by five sessions composing of 1.5-2.0 hours one session. In experiment group, this program was performed for three weeks, twice per week. The degrees of four memory performance tasks were measured using instrument of Elderly Verbal Learning Test(Choi Kyung Mi. 1988) and Face Recognition Instrument(Min Hye Sook, 1999) and the metamemory were measured using MIA questionnaire(Dixon et al., 1988). Research results are as following. 1. After participating in five times memory training programs, experimental group has the significant increase of metamemory in comparison with control group.(t=59.58, p< 0.0001). In particular, the concepts of strategy(t=20.44, p< 0.0001), achievement (t=21.94, p< 0.0001), and locus degree (t=59.58, p< 0.0001) among sub-concepts of the metamemory are increasing significantly. 2, After participating in five time memory training programs, the degree of immediate word recall (t = 17.25, p< 0.0001) and face recognition(t= 16.69, p< 0.0001) among four memory tasks in experimental group are increasing significantly compared with those measures of control group. Considering this results, this metamemory enhancing program was found as an effective nursing program for improvement of meta memory and memory performances of elderly women's memory.
Aged* ; Busan ; Female ; Humans ; Learning ; Memory* ; Nursing ; Verbal Learning

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study were to find out the degree of memory decline and to confirm its correlated factors in old adults. METHOD: The subjects consisted of 68 old adults over the age 65 who living in Busan. Data were collected by the interview method, using a structured questionnaire and the testing method on the memory performance. RESULTS: The old adults' memory performances declined in tasks of immediately word recall, delayed word recall, and face recognition and increased slightly in word recognition over 2 years. However, there was only significant difference in delayed word recall task. The significant variables to predict memory decline were age, literacy, depression, locus, and strategy. CONCLUSION: The memory decline of old adults wasn't more serious problem than the perceived one. There needs to be some intervention programs to prevent memory decline for the elderly.
Adult* ; Aged ; Busan ; Depression ; Humans ; Memory* ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to find out the degree of cognitive function among the elderly and to confirm its correlated factors. METHODS: The subjects consisted of 392 elderly people over the age 65 who were living in Busan. Data were collected by the interview method, using a structured questionnaire and the K-MMSE scale. RESULTS: The average points of the elderly's cognitive functions measured by K-MMSE were 23.76(+/-4.02). With the cut-off point for cognitive impairment set as 24 points below using K-MMSE scale, 38.8% of the subjects have cognitive impairments. Among the variables related to cognitive functions, literacy showed the highest correlation with cognitive function(beta=.330, t=7.249, p<.001), followed in order by educational level, age, depression level, attendance of elderly's college, and religious activity. The total explanatory power of these variables is 36%. CONCLUSION: In order to prevent cognitive impairment among the elderly, elderly people have to maintain social relationships continuously, and expand the social network by participating in the related programs. Some efforts to prevent the occurrence of depression and to stimulate patients' brain activity need to be recommended.
Aged* ; Brain ; Busan ; Depression ; Humans ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: This study was done to investigate the effects of university hospital nurses' organizational conflict between organizational commitment and labor union commitment, so as to provide data on prevention of conflict with the hospital and to improve work achievement with commitment of two different groups: hospital and labor union commitment. METHODS: Data collection was conducted from May 15 to 31, 2011 for nurses registered in the labor union of a university hospital. The collected data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe test and multiple regression. RESULTS: Organizational commitment of the nurses showed significant differences according to age, position and work experience, and degree of labor union commitment according to academic achievement. The factors affecting labor union commitment were organizational conflict and recognition of need for labor union, which accounted for 19% of the variance. Factors affecting organizational commitment were organizational conflict, recognition of need for labor union, participation in organizational events, and renewal of membership in the union, which accounted for 33% of the variance. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that there is a need to improve work achievement by minimizing conflict and preventing labor disputes for better organizational commitment and labor union commitment of nurses.
Achievement ; Data Collection ; Dissent and Disputes ; Hospitals, University ; Labor Unions

Purpose: : This study examined the effects of an integrated management program on physical function, cognitive function, and depression in patients with subacute stroke.
Methods: : A nonequivalent control group design was adopted. The participants were assigned to either the experimental group (n=20) or control group (n=23). The experimental group received an 8-week integrated management program and standard rehabilitation service (i.e., physical therapy and occupational therapy), while the control group received the standard rehabilitation service only. Physical function was measured as gait speed and balance ability using the Berg Balance Scale (BBS). Cognitive function was measured with neuro-behavioral cognitive status examination (NCSE), and depression was measured using the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). Repeated measure ANOVA was used to determine changes in physical function, cognitive function, and depression over 8-weeks.
Results: : The interaction between group and time was significant, indicating that the experimental group showed improvement in gait speed, balance ability, cognitive function (linguistic ability, linguistic memory, reasoning), and a decrease in depression compared to the control group.
Conclusion : These results indicate that the integrated management program developed herein was beneficial in restoring physical function, cognitive function, and depression in subacute stroke patients.

Purpose: : This study aimed to identify the factors influencing physical restraint-related practice among nurses working in the intensive care unit (ICU). Methods: : The participants consisted of 169 ICU nurses in three general hospitals in B and U cities. Data were collected from December 2021 to January 2022 through a structured selfadministered questionnaire. Demographic characteristics, physical restraint-related practice, Person-centered Critical Care Nursing (PCCN), work environment, and attitudes toward physical restraint use were measured. For data analyses, hierarchical multiple regressions were conducted using SPSS/WIN 25.0. Results: : Clinical careers in the ICU, better work environments, higher PCCN levels, and more positive attitudes toward physical restraint use were associated with a better practice of physical restraints, which together explained 35.5% of the total variance of the outcome. Conclusion : Our findings suggest that to promote a safe physical restraintrelated practice among ICU nurses, it is important to improve the nursing environment, prepare guidelines for applying PCCN, and provide education for endorsing positive attitudes toward the use of physical restraints.

The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of nutrition education program and pamphlet for the lower grades elementary students focused on individual daily needed food exchange units using Food Exchange System. Program consisted of four lessons (40 min/lesson), "5 major nutrients & function", "6 food group and sources", "daily needed food exchange units for normal body weight", and "smart snack choice and exercise". Pamphlet as activity book was developed for the program. The subjects were 3rd grade elementary students (educated group, 31 vs. non-educated group, 31). Educated group were lessoned as group and/or individual. We examined the differences in nutrition knowledge, dietary attitudes, dietary intakes and satisfaction of the program and pamphlet. In educated group, there were positive improvements on nutrition knowledge score "function and foods of 5 nutrients" and on dietary attitudes "type of breakfast and snacks". In the evaluation of dietary intakes according to KDRI, there were positive improvements on intakes level of riboflavin, vit. C, folate, Ca, P, Fe and Zn in educated group. In satisfaction with the program and pamphlet, contents, font size, visual, figure, difficulty and program curriculum were over 2.90/3.0. It showed that the developed nutrition education program and pamphlet focused on individual daily needed food exchange units using Food Exchange System improved nutrition knowledge, dietary attitudes and nutrients intake level in the lower grades elementary students.
Breakfast ; Curriculum ; Folic Acid ; Humans ; Pamphlets ; Riboflavin ; Snacks

Purpose: : This descriptive survey aims to identify the prevalence of factors associated with sarcopenia among hemodialysis patients. Methods: : The study subjects were 137 patients with chronic kidney failure undergoing hemodialysis in three artificial kidney centers in B and Y cities. Data were collected from August 1 to September 30, 2020, using the SARC-F (Strength, Assistant walking, Rising from a chair, Climbing stairs, Falls) questionnaire, Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form (MNA-SF), International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ-SF), Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA), and a grip dynamometer. The collected data were analyzed using t-tests, crossover analysis, and logistic regression using the IBM SPSS 23 program. Results: : The prevalence of sarcopenia among hemodialysis patients, determined using the SARC-F questionnaire, was 16.1%. The associated factors of sarcopenia among hemodialysis patients were found to be gender (OR=6.44, p =.002), age (OR=1.07, p =.015), nutritional status (OR=10.37, p =.027), and albumin level (OR=0.10, p =.014). These findings are supported by an explanatory power of 46.3% (p =.597). Conclusion : The identified risk factors for sarcopenia in hemodialysis patients were; sex, age, nutritional status, and albumin level. The findings of this study can serve as clinical evidence for the development of an intervention program for preventing and managing sarcopenia in patients undergoing hemodialysis.