PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between eating disorders, and self esteem in female college students. METHOD: The survey was carried out on convenience sample of 388 college female students. The questionnaire consisted of each scale for eating disorder, self-esteem. The data was analyzed by the SPSS/PC using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, ANOVA, and Spearman correlation coefficient. RESULT: More than 43% of the subjects perceived their weight as overweight, while 1.5% of the women were obese as defined by BMI. About 57.4% of subjects were not satisfied with their body shape. Frequency of eating disorder was 5.93%. The score of eating disorder was high when the subjects had negative perception and low satisfaction with their body shape. The high scores of self-esteem were shown among the group who had high satisfaction on body shape. There was negative correlation between eating disorder and self-esteem(r=-.194, p=.000). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that the nursing intervention was necessary for female college students to recognize healthier eating habits and increased their self-esteem.
Feeding and Eating Disorders* ; Eating* ; Female* ; Humans ; Nursing ; Overweight ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Self Concept

Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia (PASH) of the breast occurs in premenopausal women and is characterized by anastomosing channels lined by spindle cells. It has been suggested to be of hormonal origin. This unusual condition may also be mistaken for a vascular tumor. We analyzed eight cases of PASH of the breast in Samsung Cheil Hospital from 1992 through 1998. All patients were premenopausal and had painless breast lump. Clinical diagnoses were fibroadenomas. Grossly, the masses were well circumscribed, nonhemorrhagic and measure 2.2 to 5 cm. Histologically, they consisted of complex interanastomosing channels lined by slender spindle cells, which resembled low grade angiosarcoma. Cells that line the interanastomosing channels showed no immunoreactivity for Factor VIII and electron microscopic findings consistent with fibroblast. All patients were treated with surgical excision and none of them had recurrence for 1 to 69 months (mean: 19 months) postoperatively. Pathologic diagnosis of PASH may be difficult unless the pathologists are aware of the presence of a mass lesion and appreciate the characteristic stromal changes. PASH should be included in the differential diagnosis of a circumscribed mass, especially in the premenopausal women.
Breast* ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Factor VIII ; Female ; Fibroadenoma ; Fibroblasts ; Hemangiosarcoma ; Humans ; Hyperplasia* ; Recurrence

No abstract available.
Animals ; Cell Line* ; Guinea Pigs* ; Guinea* ; Hantaan virus* ; Humans*

Recently developed new classifications (Holland, Van Nuys, modified Lagios) of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) linked to outcome have emphasized the importance of nuclear morphology rather than architecture. We have evaluated these three classifications in ductal carcinomas composed of in situ and invasive carcinomas. The reproducibility of three classifications was assessed (n=49), and the histological grade of the DCIS was compared with the histologic differentiation (modified Bloom & Richardson method) and nuclear grade (modified Black method) of the coexisting invasive ductal carcinoma (n=45). According to Holland classification, the DCIS component was poorly differentiated in 51.0%, intermediately differentiated in 40.8%, and well differentiated in 8.2%. Using the Van Nuys classification, the DCIS component was group 3 (high grade with or without necrosis) in 44.9%, group 2 (non-high grade with necrosis) in 28.6%, and group 1 (non-high grade without necrosis) in 26.5%. According to the modified Lagios classification, the DCIS component was high-grade in 42.8%, intermediate-grade in 32.7%, and low-grade in 24.5%. The histologic grades of the three classifications revealed significant correlations between Holland and Van Nuys classification (p<0.0001) and between Holland and modified Lagios classification (p<0.0001), especially in poorly differentiated/group 3/high-grade DCIS. The reproducibility of classification of the DCIS was 71.4% in the Holland, 61.2% in the Van Nuys, and 55.1% in the modified Lagios classifications. The grade of the DCIS showed significant correlation with the grade of coexisting invasive ductal carcinoma (p<0.0001), especially in poorly differentiated/group 3/high-grade DCIS. In conclusion, DCIS grade, determined by the Holland, Van Nuys or modified Lagios classifications, is closely correlated with the histologic grade of the invasive ductal component in tumors composed of in situ and invasive ductal carcinoma, and may be a useful factor to estimate clinical behavior of DCIS. In our experience the Holland classification is recommended for DCIS classification due to its high reproducibility.
Breast* ; Carcinoma, Ductal* ; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating* ; Classification* ; Netherlands

BACKGROUND: The maximal removal rate of indocyanine green (ICG Rmax), which has been used as a useful indicator of quantitative assessment of the hepatic function, has some disadvantages such as high cost, requirement of multiple sampling, and long turn-around time. This study was designed to clarify that the measurement of the lidocaine metabolite, monoethylglycinekylidide (MEGX) test, can replace the ICG Rmax. And in healthy adults, MEGX forma pion was measured and compared according to methods of measurement and serf. METHOD: In 18 patients to whom ICG Rmax test was requested, ICG Rmax test was carried out at two doses of 0.5 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg and MEGX formation after 15 minute of 1 mg/kg lidocaine Injection was measured by fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) method. The correlation between them was analyzed, To 25 healthy volunteers included in this study as normal control, lidocaine was given intravenously at, a dose of 1 mg/kg and MEGX forma pion was measured IS and 30 minute later (MEGX15, MEGX30) using both high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and FPIA methods. RESULT: Patient group resealed significant correlation between ICG Rmax and MEGX15 (r=0.7674, p<0.001) and also between ICG Rl5 and MEGX15 (r=0.5612, p=0.008). There was significant difference between MEGX15 of 9 patients with chronic liver diseases and those of normal controls (22.24+/- 13.18 and 35.40+/- 14.43 ng/mL, respectively) (p=0.01). In normal controls, the correlation between methods was significant (p=0.001) and the values measured by FPIA method was significantly higher than that by HPLG (p(0.001). Of the normal controls, male group had higher MEGX15 values than female group in both methods (in HPLC method 33.89+/-15.95 and 22.53+/- 8.36, and in FPIA method 41.48+/-16.61 and 28.81+/-7.88 ng/mL, respectively), and in female group MEGX30 values was significantly elevated compared to MEGX15 (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Inferred from the fact that the correlation between ICG Rmax and MEGX was good, MEGX test can be considered a replacement for ICG Rmax. In healthy adults, it is considered that there is serf-related difference In the rate of lidocaine metabolism so we should pay attention to it in interpreting the MEGX results.
Adult ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Female ; Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans ; Indocyanine Green* ; Lidocaine ; Liver Diseases ; Male ; Mesons ; Metabolism

PURPOSE: This study was carried out to accumulate basic data for nursing intervention development by evaluating the stress and emotional status of patients and their families after receiving hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), illucidating and analysing related factors in order to decrease the negative effects of HSCT on their emotion. METHODS: Data were collected using a questionnaire to 53 HSCT patients and 50 families, who were older than 18 at tertiary-care institutions in Seoul, from January, 2000 to August, 2003. RESULTS: There was a significant score difference in stress (t=-2.302, p<0.05). Correlation between stress and emotional status was statistically significant (r=0.486, p<0.01; r=0, p<0.05). Economical burden of cost had significant effects on stress of patients (F=4.194, p<0.05). The series of emotional status of patients without jobs were higher (T=-2.583, p<0.05). The emotional status of families were influenced by monthly income (F=4.036, p<0.05) and patients' diagnosis (F=3.088, p<0.05). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the cares for families should be considered with great concern as well as the ones for patients. In addition, such factors as economical burden by medical cost, monthly income and job status should not be excluded in transplantation nursing plans.
Diagnosis ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation* ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells* ; Humans ; Nursing ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Seoul

OBJECTIVE: The Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) is designed to measure the current level of depressive symptomatology in the general population. However, no review has examined whether the scale is reliable and valid among children and adolescents in Korea. The purpose of this study was to test whether the Korean form of the CES-D is valid in adolescents. METHODS: Data were obtained from 1,884 adolescents attending grades 1–3 in Korean middle schools. Reliability was evaluated by internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha). Concurrent validity was evaluated by a correlation analysis between the CES-D and other scales. Construct validity was evaluated by exploratory factor and confirmatory factor analyses. RESULTS: The internal consistency coefficient for the entire group was 0.88. The CES-D was positively correlated with scales that measure negative psychological constructs, such as the State Anxiety Inventory for Children, the Korean Social Anxiety Scale for Children and Adolescents, and the Reynold Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire, but it was negatively correlated with scales that measure positive psychological constructs, such as the Korean version of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale-2. The CES-D was examined by three-dimensional exploratory factor analysis, and the three-factor structure of the scale explained 53.165% of the total variance. The variance explained by factor I was 24.836%, that explained by factor II was 15.988%, and that explained by factor III was 12.341%. The construct validity of the CES-D was tested by confirmatory factor analysis, and we applied the entire group’s data using a three-factor hierarchical model. The fit index showed a level similar to those of other countries’ adolescent samples. CONCLUSION: The CES-D has high internal consistency and addresses psychological constructs similar to those addressed by other scales. The CES-D showed a three-factor structure in an exploratory factor analysis. The present findings suggest that the CES-D is a useful and reliable tool for measuring depression in Korean adolescents.
Adolescent Psychiatry ; Adolescent ; Anxiety ; Child ; Depression ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Fibrinogen ; Humans ; Korea ; Prothrombin ; Psychometrics ; Suicidal Ideation ; Thromboplastin ; Weights and Measures

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of rice germ oil supplement on the lipid metabolism of insulin-dependent diabetic mice. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice were fed three kinds of experimental diets with 20% lipid, composed of 20% lard (L) : 10% lard and 10% rice germ oil (LRGO) ; and 20% rice germ oil (RBO), respectively, for 7 weeks. Diet intake, body weight, organ weight and lipid levels of serum, liver and feces were measured. There was no significant difference in diet intake, body weight and organ weight among the experimental groups. But the concentrations of serum triglyceride in the LRGO and RGO groups, and of serum total cholesterol in the RGO group, were significantly lower than those of the L group fed the 20% lard diet. The levels of hepatic total lipid of the RGO group, and of hepatic total cholesterol of the LRGO and RGO groups were significantly lower than those of the L group. The contents of total lipid and total cholesterol excreted in the feces of the LRGO and RGO groups were higher than those of the L group. These results suggest that rice germ oil can reduce the levels of total cholesterol concentrations in the serum or livers of insulin-dependent diabetic mice, and that the hypolipidemic effect of rice germ oil may be due to increasing fecal lipid excretion and decreasing lipid absorptivity.
Animals ; Body Weight ; Cholesterol ; Diet ; Feces ; Lipid Metabolism ; Liver ; Mice* ; Organ Size ; Triglycerides

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of Yakson therapy as a pain management tool on the physiologic and behavioral reponses of infants with a painful heelstick procedure. METHOD: Infants were randomly assigned to a group that underwent a series of Yakson therapy and a control that received nothingbefore a heelstick. Heart rate, oxygen saturation, and NIPS were compared between the experimental (n=16) and control (n=16) infants during an undisturbed baseline and after a standard heelstick procedure. Yakson therapy consisted of laying a hand on the back, and caressing the abdomen by hand for 5 minutes. RESULT: The pain scores of the Yakson group were lower than the control group. Foroxygen saturation, there were statistically significant differences between groups. For heart rate, there were no statistically significant differences between groups. CONCLUSION: This data suggests that Yakson therapy had a pain relief effect in behavior responses and SaO2. Accordingly, Yakson therapy should be used as a nursing intervention for simple pain management for a heel prick.
Blood Specimen Collection ; Female ; Heart Rate ; Heel ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; *Neonatal Nursing ; Oximetry ; Pain/nursing/*therapy ; Pain Measurement ; Punctures/adverse effects ; Therapeutic Touch/*methods/nursing

PURPOSE: This study was to identify the effects of a nurse-led education program using computerized animation video for post-operative colon cancer patients. METHODS: a total of 163 patients and 51 nurses were participated in this study. With a non-equivalent control group post-test design, patients were divided into three groups (77 got traditional education, 46 were applying brochure, 40 were watching video). Twelve-item animation video and brochure about the management after discharge for post-operative colon cancer patients were developed based on patient survey and the items of Korea Healthcare Accreditation. RESULTS: The computerized video watching group had better satisfaction than the others, but there was no significant difference about comprehension. When video was applied, satisfaction, usefulness, application, and perceived patients' comprehension of nurses were all increased. CONCLUSION: This video education program was developed by nurses and it had a special thing for patient to access the same program even after discharge using the authorization system. It would be helpful for nurses to be more concentrated on the direct care for hospitalized patients as well as for patients to provide self-care at home. This program would be adjusted into more various diseases and settings.
Colon ; Colonic Neoplasms ; Comprehension ; Delivery of Health Care ; Humans ; Korea ; Pamphlets ; Patient Education as Topic ; Program Evaluation ; Self Care