Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the levels of adolescence parentification and identify its influence on adulthood depression in children of women with breast cancer. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional online survey. Data were collected from an online community comprising Korean women with breast cancer and their families. A total of 217 adult children of women with breast cancer completed the online questionnaire. Measurements included the Korean version of the Filial Responsibility ScaleAdult (FRS-A), Korean version of Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Inventory, Korean version of the Resilience Scale (RS14), and the Korean version of Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale. Results: The mean score for FRS-A was 2.27 out of 4 points. Adolescence parentification was significantly negatively correlated with adulthood self-esteem (r=-.74, p<.001) and resilience (r=-.72, p<.001), and significantly positively correlated with adulthood depression (r=.76, p<.001). Multiple regression analysis revealed that adolescence parentification was a significant factor associated with adulthood depression after adjusting for general characteristics, self-esteem, and resilience. Conclusion Our finding suggests that parentification can be stressful for adolescents living with a parent with cancer. Hence, a greater awareness regarding parentification is needed to prevent adolescents from developing depression in their adulthood.

Ectopic breast tissue and male breast cancer are both very rare diseases with only a few reports in the literature. Here, we present the first case of ectopic male breast cancer in the perineum. The patient was a 70-year-old man with a palpable mass in the perineum. A wide local excision and inguinal lymph node dissection revealed invasive breast carcinoma of no special type involving the skin and subcutis, and inguinal lymph node metastases. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the tumor cells were strongly positive for estrogen and progesterone receptors and negative for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2. Moreover, no p53 overexpression was observed. Herein, the clinical and pathologic features, as well as a review of ectopic male breast cancer are discussed.
Aged ; Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Breast Neoplasms, Male* ; Estrogens ; Humans ; Lymph Node Excision ; Lymph Nodes ; Male ; Male* ; Mammary Glands, Human ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Perineum* ; Rare Diseases ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; Receptors, Progesterone ; Skin

PURPOSE: We evaluated the identification and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of nosocomial and community-acquired pathogens in children of the medium-sized hospital. METHODS: The 357 bacterial strains isolated from Pediatric department of Dongsan Sacred Heart Hospital were examined the species identification and antimicrobial susceptibility test during the period of March to October 1996. RESULTS: Fifty three strains (15%) of 357 strains were nosocomial pathogens. A half of Enterococcus faecium is nosocomial pathogens. As a rule, Antimicrobial resistance of nosocomial pathogens were higher than those of community-acquired pathogens. Enterococcus sp. isolated from nosocomial infection were significantly less susceptible than those from community-acquired infection to imipemem (P<0.05). Escherichia coli isolated from nosocomial infection were significantly less susceptible than those from community-acquired infection to amoxicillin/clavulanate, cefuroxime, cefoxitin, ceftazidime, and aztreonam (P<0.05). Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from nosocomial infection were significantly less susceptible than those from community-acquired infection to cephalothin, cefuroxime, cefotaxime, aztreonam, tobramycin, gentamicin, and co-trimoxazole (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In medium-sized hospital, the rate of antimicrobial resistance to nosocomial pathogens was higher than community-acquired pathogens. The regular reports of the susceptibility patterns of nosocomial and community-acquired pathogens would be useful to improve the effects of empirical antimicrobial therapy.
Aztreonam ; Cefotaxime ; Cefoxitin ; Ceftazidime ; Cefuroxime ; Cephalothin ; Child* ; Community-Acquired Infections ; Cross Infection ; Enterococcus ; Enterococcus faecium ; Escherichia coli ; Gentamicins ; Heart ; Humans ; Klebsiella pneumoniae ; Tobramycin ; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination

Elevated peak inspiratory airway pressure (PIP) can occur during general anesthesia and is usually easily rectified. In rare circumstances it can lead to potentially fatal conditions such as tension pneumothorax. We report on a 77-year-old male patient admitted for a cervical laminoplasty. The preoperative chest radiograph showed normal findings and there was no medical history of allergy or underlying airway inflammation. Anesthesia induction and maintenance progressed uneventfully. However, 5 minutes after prophylactic antibiotic administration, PIP suddenly increased and blood pressure dropped. The operation was abandoned and the patient was moved to a supine position to perform chest radiography. Cardiac arrest occurred, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation was performed. The radiograph showed bilateral tension pneumothorax. Needle aspiration was immediately performed, and chest tubes were inserted. Ventilation rapidly improved and the vital signs normalized. The patient was discharged without sequelae on postoperative day 36.
Aged ; Anaphylaxis ; Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General ; Blood Pressure ; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ; Chest Tubes ; Heart Arrest ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Inflammation ; Male ; Needles ; Pneumothorax ; Spine ; Supine Position ; Thorax ; Ventilation ; Vital Signs

PURPOSE: Methylphenidate (MPH) is an effective medication for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, about 30% of patients do not respond to or are unable to tolerate MPH. Based on previous findings, we hypothesized that great variability in response time (RT) among Korean children with ADHD on a computerized continuous performance attention test would be related to poor MPH treatment response. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Children (ages 6-18 years) with ADHD were recruited for a prospective 12-week, open-labeled, multicenter study to examine optimal dosage of OROS methylphenidate. Of the 144 subjects selected, 28 dropped out due to adverse events, medication noncompliance, or follow-up loss, and an additional 26 subjects with comorbid disorders were excluded from statistical analyses. We defined 'responders' as subjects who received a score of less than 18 on the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder rating scale (ARS; Korean version, K-ARS) and a score of 1 or 2 on the Clinical Global Impression-Improvement scale (CGI-I). RT variability was assessed with the ADHD diagnostic system (ADS). RESULTS: Fifty-nine (67%) subjects responded to MPH treatment. The non-responders showed greater RT variability at baseline (Mann Whitney U = 577.0, p < 0.01). Baseline RT variability was a significant predictor of MPH response (Nagelkerke R2 = 0.136, p < 0.01). It predicted 94.9% of responder, 17.2% of non-responder and 69.3% of overall group. CONCLUSION: High RT variability may predict poor response to MPH treatment in children with ADHD.
Adolescent ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/*drug therapy ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Methylphenidate/*therapeutic use ; *Reaction Time ; Treatment Outcome

Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) frequently accompany metastatic lesions, and hepatic metastases are the most common of all NETs. However, another disease may also be present, potentially leading to misdiagnosis and metastasis of a NET. Clinicians should consider an active diagnostic evaluation for metastatic lesions, including liver biopsy, particularly when the hepatic lesion has distinct characteristics from the primary tumor. In our case, the patient had both a pancreatic NET and a primary hepatic lymphoma. She underwent laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy, and progress of the primary hepatic lymphoma was observed in the outpatient clinic.
Ambulatory Care Facilities ; Biopsy ; Diagnostic Errors ; Humans ; Liver ; Lymphoma ; Lymphoma, B-Cell ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neuroendocrine Tumors ; Pancreas ; Pancreatectomy ; Splenectomy

Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) frequently accompany metastatic lesions, and hepatic metastases are the most common of all NETs. However, another disease may also be present, potentially leading to misdiagnosis and metastasis of a NET. Clinicians should consider an active diagnostic evaluation for metastatic lesions, including liver biopsy, particularly when the hepatic lesion has distinct characteristics from the primary tumor. In our case, the patient had both a pancreatic NET and a primary hepatic lymphoma. She underwent laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy, and progress of the primary hepatic lymphoma was observed in the outpatient clinic.

Myotonic dystrophy is a rare genetic disorder characterized by muscle atrophy and weakness. Surgical treatment of this condition poses various problems for the anesthesiologist. We describe the anesthetic management of a 10-month-old infant with congenital myotonic dystrophy, who was scheduled for endoscopic third ventriculostomy under general anesthesia. Anesthesia was induced with thiopental sodium, fentanyl, and vecuronium, and thereafter maintained via continuous infusion of propofol and remifentanil. The train-of-four ratio was monitored throughout the operation, and muscle relaxation was reversed with pyridostigmine and glycopyrrolate at the end of the procedure. We show that total intravenous anesthesia using propofol and remifentanil is a satisfactory anesthetic technique in very young patients with congenital myotonic dystrophy.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General ; Anesthesia, Intravenous ; Fentanyl ; Glycopyrrolate ; Humans ; Infant ; Muscle Relaxation ; Muscular Atrophy ; Myotonic Dystrophy ; Piperidines ; Propofol ; Pyridostigmine Bromide ; Thiopental ; Vecuronium Bromide ; Ventriculostomy

PURPOSE: Gastric emptying may influence the quality of life of patients who undergo distal gastrectomy. Little is known, however, about gastric emptying after distal gastrectomy. The aim of our study was to investigate gastric emptying patterns after distal gastrectomy. METHODS: This gastric-emptying study investigated patients who underwent distal gastrectomy in the 6 months or more before May 2008 to July 2013 at Chungbuk National University Hospital with a study sample of 205 patients. We analyzed patterns of gastric emptying. RESULTS: Delayed gastric emptying was found in 109 of the 205 patients (53.2%). Food stasis was more frequent in a group with delayed gastric emptying. In multivariate analysis, risk factors for gastroparesis were laparoscopic operation (hazard ratio [HR], 2.731; P = 0.008) and duration of less than 24 months after distal gastrectomy (HR, 2.795; P = 0.001). Delayed gastric emptying tended to decrease with duration of the postoperative period. CONCLUSION: Delayed gastric emptying is common in distal gastrectomy, and is related to laparoscopic operation and duration of the postoperative period. Food stasis was more frequent in a group with delayed gastric emptying.
Chungcheongbuk-do ; Gastrectomy* ; Gastric Emptying* ; Gastroparesis ; Humans ; Multivariate Analysis ; Postoperative Period ; Quality of Life ; Risk Factors ; Stomach Neoplasms

PURPOSE: Gastric emptying may influence the quality of life of patients who undergo distal gastrectomy. Little is known, however, about gastric emptying after distal gastrectomy. The aim of our study was to investigate gastric emptying patterns after distal gastrectomy. METHODS: This gastric-emptying study investigated patients who underwent distal gastrectomy in the 6 months or more before May 2008 to July 2013 at Chungbuk National University Hospital with a study sample of 205 patients. We analyzed patterns of gastric emptying. RESULTS: Delayed gastric emptying was found in 109 of the 205 patients (53.2%). Food stasis was more frequent in a group with delayed gastric emptying. In multivariate analysis, risk factors for gastroparesis were laparoscopic operation (hazard ratio [HR], 2.731; P = 0.008) and duration of less than 24 months after distal gastrectomy (HR, 2.795; P = 0.001). Delayed gastric emptying tended to decrease with duration of the postoperative period. CONCLUSION: Delayed gastric emptying is common in distal gastrectomy, and is related to laparoscopic operation and duration of the postoperative period. Food stasis was more frequent in a group with delayed gastric emptying.
Chungcheongbuk-do ; Gastrectomy* ; Gastric Emptying* ; Gastroparesis ; Humans ; Multivariate Analysis ; Postoperative Period ; Quality of Life ; Risk Factors ; Stomach Neoplasms