OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of aerobics and aquarobics exercise programs on elders' leg muscle strength, balance and walking ability in elders. The participants of the study were 21 elders; 11 of them participated in the aerobics exercise program and 10 of them participated in the aquarobic exercise program. METHODS: Both of the participants practiced for 10 weeks. The data were analyzed with using two-way ANOVA with repeated measures on the last factor. RESULTS: The results were summarized as follows: First, the main effect of exercise programs(aerobics x aquarobics) and the interaction effect between the exercise programs and the leg muscle strength were not significant. Second, the participants' static balance of the aquarobics exercise program increased more than that of the aerobics exercise program. Third, the participants' dynamic balance of the aquarobics exercise program increased more than that of the aerobics exercise program. Fourth, the main effect of exercise programs and the interaction effect between the exercise programs and the increase in gait speed were not significant. Fifth, the participants' step length of aquarobics exercise group increased more than that of the aerobics exercise program. All of the participants' leg muscle strength, static balance, dynamic balance, gait speed and step length increased after the both of two exercise programs. And, more importantly, the positive effect of the aquarobics exercise program on static balance, dynamic balance and step length was stronger than that of the aerobics exercise program. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the aquarobics exercise program be more effective exercise on elders' balance and walking ability than the aerobics exercise program.
Gait ; Leg* ; Muscle Strength* ; Walking*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Horns* ; Nevus, Sebaceous of Jadassohn*

Intrathecal administration of methotrexate(IT-MTX) has constituted the standard approach to prophylaxis and treatment of central nevous system(CNS) leukemia. We experienced a quadriplegia and motor aphasia in a 14-year-old boy following repeated IT-MTX for the prophylaxis of meningeal leukemia. He was diagnosed as ALL without CNS involvement and treated by CCG- 1882 protocol. IT-MTX was administered for CNS prophylaxis. The patient began complaining of urinary incontinence, motor aphasia and weakness in his right leg from 12 days after the 5th dose of the IT-MTX therapy. Even though the IT-MTX was discontinued, loss of muscle power progressed upward resulting in quadriplegia. The patient showed slow and partial recovery on right extremities over 3 months. We report this case with brief review of literature.
Adolescent ; Aphasia, Broca* ; Extremities ; Humans ; Leg ; Leukemia ; Male ; Methotrexate* ; Quadriplegia* ; Urinary Incontinence

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to identify how regular stimulation affects apnea of a premature infant. METHOD: This study was used a within-subjects design with repeated measure using GEE (General Estimating Equation) and had been conducted from July 1, 2003 to March 12, 2004. The subjects consisted of 11 apneic premature infants who had showed apnea more than twice for 12 hours. A regularly vibrating test lung was provided to the subjects to find how regular stimulation affects apnea. RESULT: From the result of regular stimulation for apneic premature infants, both the lowest SaO2 and the lowest heart rate at experimental period were found to be increased significantly. However, the decreased frequency of the apnea cases was not statistically effective. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that regular stimulation for apneic premature infants could be effective on increasing both SaO2 and heart rate. Therefore, we suggest regular stimulation to be used clinically to heal apnea of premature infants.
Apnea* ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Lung ; Child Health

Giant cell myocarditis is a rare rapidly fatal disease of unknown cause, often occuring in young to middle-aged adults. Most presented with congestive heart failure, ventricular arrhythmia, heart block or sudden cardiac death. The histologic hallmarks of giant cell myocarditis include a polymorphous inflammatory response with numerous multinucleated giant cells and myocyte necrosis. Response to immunosuppresive therapy is poor and cardiac transplantation is considered to be the treatment of choice. We experienced 4 cases of giant cell myocarditis, all of which were autopsied and underwent postmortem pathologic examination. Grossly, the heart was enlarged, measuring up to 510 gm, with thickend septal and ventricular wall. Microscopically, 3 cases showed diffuse active myocarditis with extensive myocyte necrosis, while 1 case showed exuberant fibrosis. Many multinucleated giant cells were present throughout the lesion. Immunohistochemical stain supports the view that the giant cells have a histiocytic origin. Neither microorganisms nor foreign material were found on PAS and AFB stains. Because giant cell myocarditis is on occasion associated wth immunologic disorders, autopsy should be carefully performed to define the correlation between the two.
Adult ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Autopsy ; Coloring Agents ; Death, Sudden ; Death, Sudden, Cardiac ; Fibrosis ; Giant Cells* ; Heart ; Heart Block ; Heart Failure ; Heart Transplantation ; Humans ; Muscle Cells ; Myocarditis* ; Necrosis

Prior to 1988, endometrial cancer was clinically staged but there was the considerable discrepancy between clinical and aetual stage. FIGO surgical staging classification of endometrial cancer(I988) provides the advanatage of recognizing the true disease distribution and extension, and more rational treatraent can be accomplished. This retrospective study was based on a clinical review of 73 patients with endometrial carcinoma from l982 through 1991 who underwent primary surgical evaluation. A11 cases were restaged ueing the newly adopted FIGO surgical staging. The distribution of FIGO clinical staging was as follows:85 patients(89.1%) were with stage I, 5(6.9%) with stage II, 2(2.7%) with stage III and 1(l.3%) with stage IV. Surgical restaging according new FlG0 classification reveald 56(76.7%) patients with stage I, 1(1.4%) with stage II, 14(19.2%) with stage III and 2(2.7%) with stage IV. Surgery upstaged 12.3% of clinical stage I patients, In clinical stage II patients, 80.0% was doenstaged. There wes no stage changing in cliaical stage III and IV patients. The acturial survival rates for surgical stages I a, I b, I c, and III were 80.0%, 77.2%, 68.4A%, and 35.0% respectively. By using FIGO surgical staging, the initial extent of endometrial cancer can be more accurately evaluated and we may predict prognosis and survival relatively well.
Classification ; Endometrial Neoplasms* ; Female ; Humans ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate

OBJECTIVE: This paper reviews the existing Korean medical and public health, and nursing academy articles on disease-specific and domain-specific quality of life, and provides recommendations for the universally validated core quality of life instruments and for use of these measures in clinical trials widely. METHODS: Quality of Life Instruments Database (QOLID) was searched in order to identify all relevant disease-specific, population-specific, and domain-specific QOL instruments. Titles and abstracts of 27 articles related to QOL research conducted by Korean researchers were retrieved from MEDLINE and RICH database. These articles were comprehensively reviewed to analyse the cross cultural adaptation, validation and other aspects of application of Korean version of QOL measures. RESULTS: 1. The journal search yielded a total 27 disease-specific and domain-specific articles, of which 22 were published in Korean nursing academic journal, 5 in medical and public health journals 2. Search for QOLID resulted in 92 specific QOL measures. Thirty-six instruments of which 31 were disease-specific measures, 2 symptom-specific, 2 population-specific, and 1 domain-specific, were translated into Korean language among them. Four Korean version of specific QOL measures were used in articles in MEDLINE. They were Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC), Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ), and Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ). An article using Korean version of Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ) is in press. 3. The Korean validated instruments published at international academic articles were HAQ, WOMAC, CHAQ, and CHQ. 4. The Korean version of Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ), Kidney Disease Quality of Life Instrument (KDQOL), Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy (FACT), Functional Assessment of Anorexia/Cachexia (FACTT), Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue (FACIT- F), Functional Assessment of Spiritual Wellbeing (FACT-Sp), and FACT-Anemia are going on Korean validation and data collection under the author contact and permission. 5. Twenty six studies out of 27 Korean articles reported the use of 16 kinds of Western instrument. There were some flaws such as omission of validation steps, deletion of items, arbitrary change of response scale, and absence of cultural adaptation and conceptual consideration in those articles. CONCLUSION: To use the health outcomes disease-specific instruments universally and to perform multi-national studies, it is suggested that cross-cultural equivalence across all translated versions and conceptual equivalence of translated instruments to the original version must be verified and the quality of life assessment need to be applied to clinical trials.
Arthritis ; Child ; Child Health ; Chronic Disease ; Data Collection ; Fibromyalgia ; Kidney Diseases ; Korea* ; Nursing ; Ontario ; Parkinson Disease ; Public Health ; Quality of Life* ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVE: This paper reviews the existing Korean medical, nursing and public health academy articles on health-related quality of life, and provides recommendations for the universally validated core quality of life instruments and for wide use of these measures in clinical trials widely. METHODS: A comprehensive review of 116 Korean articles from www.richis.org was conducted. A review of the application, Korean validation, and publishment of Western quality of life instrument from www.QOLID.org. and Medline was conducted in the 116 Korean academic articles. RESULTS: 1. The journal search yielded a total 116 articles, of which 81 were published in Korean nursing academic journal, 35 in medical and public health journals 2. The 4 generic instruments were developed in Korea (1 for middle-aged adult in Seoul, 1 for geriatrics, Korean Quality of Life Scale, Catholic Medical Center Health Survey). The instrument for Korean middle-aged adult was used in 50 Korean articles, but the deletion of items and domains, and change of response scales without conceptual considerations showed. 3. The Korean articles used Western Instruments were 43, of which 13 used generic instruments, 24 used disease-specific, and 2 used domain-specific instruments. 4. The translated instruments in Korean were 4 instruments of COOP-chart, Ferrans and Powers Quality of Life Index-Generic version (QLI), Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) 12-Items Short Form (SF-12), Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) 36-Items Short Form (SF-36) among 33 kinds of quality of life instrument from www.QOLID.org. There was no evidence of publishment internationally on Medline searching. The Korean version of Euro-Qol (EQ-5D) instrument is going on the publishment. 5. Thirteen studies out of 116 Korean articles reported the use of Western Instrument including QLI, WHQOL, General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), COOP-C, COOP-WONCA, Nottingham Health Profile (NHP) and SF-36 among 33 generic quality of life instruments in Korean academic articles. The ommission of international validation step, deletion of items and domains, change of response scales without cultural adaptation and conceptual considerations showed in Korean studies used Western instruments. CONCLUSION: To use the health outcomes instruments universally and to perform multi-national studies, it is suggested that cross-cultural equivalence across all translated versions and conceptual equivalence of translated instruments to the original version must be verified and the quality of life assessment need to be applied to clinical trials.
Adult ; Geriatrics ; Humans ; Korea* ; Nursing ; Public Health ; Quality of Life* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Seoul ; Weights and Measures

Cerebrocostomandibular syndrome is characterized by micrognathia, cleft palate, multiple thorax deformity and frequently, mental deficiency. Respiratory compromise is a common cause of death. We experienced a case of cerebrocostomandibular syndrome with congenital heart disease in a 2 day old female baby with the chief complaint of cyanosis and respiratory difficulty since birth. She was delivered by cesarian section due to delayed labor at IUP 42 weeks. The diagnosis was made on the basis of clinical features, radiologic findings and echocardiogram, which showed micrognathia, deformity of 3rd finger Lt, hemivertebrae of T1-T6 Lt., absence of 1-6th rib Lt., dextrocardia, tetralogy of fallot, atrial septal defect secondum. We reported this case and reviewed related litertures briefly.
Cause of Death ; Cleft Palate ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Cyanosis ; Dextrocardia ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Fingers ; Heart Defects, Congenital* ; Heart Septal Defects, Atrial ; Humans ; Intellectual Disability ; Parturition ; Ribs ; Tetralogy of Fallot ; Thorax

BACKGROUND: The functional dyspepsia gives rise to such a symptom similar to peptic ulcer without showing a noticeable lesion(e.g, gastric or duodenal ulcer) by endoscopy or upper GI serises, and it has been known that this is about twice as many as the peptic ulcer. However, there is no exact theory about its pathophysiology and it is suggested that multiple factors including genetic, physiologic, psychologic, environmental factors are engaged. Especially, in respect to the occurrence of functional dyspepsia and psychological factors, there have been many clinical studies over the world. But, we still need more studies in this country, therefore, this study has been initiated to give help patients of functional dyspepsia, invest.igating their characteristic traits through MMPI. METHODS: From March to September in 1996, the patients who visited the family medicine out-patients department of St. Marys hospital of Catholic Medical College were sampled in this study. There were 46 patients having a similar symptoms to peptic ulcer without showing pathologic lesions by endoscopy. Through an interview and some basic tests, the 41 controls who had no dyspeptic symptoms and were not affected to a noticeable physical or physiological disorders were selected for the normal reference group. The standardized MMPI of our country was applied to the whole object groups to get a result. Then each average value of the measure(mean T-score) was calculated, and the differences of the average value were analyzed by the t-test and chi-square test. And the psychological pattern analysis was done. RESULTS: In demographic aspects, there were no significant differences between the two groups. The mean T score for each measure of the two groups falls within the normal ranges with their values being of between 30 to 70. And the average of L, F, and K measure, known as the validity measure, did not give a significant differences between the two groups. The measure of Hs, D, and Hy have appeared significantly high in the patients group(p<0.01) and the Pd measure, too(p<0.05). While Mf, Pa, and Ma measure have not shown a significant differences, Pt, Sc, and Si measure have very significant differences(p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: In the patient group with the functional dyspepsia, the measures of Hs, D, and Hy where they indicate a neurotic pattern have shown a very significantly high point as well as those of Pd, Pt, Sc, and Si where they indicate a psychotic pattern. This reveals that in the group of the functional dyspepsia neurotic or psychotic trends to attribute. However, it is very hard to define the characteristics of a group with just one test, so further study with more variable test will be necessary.
Dyspepsia* ; Endoscopy ; Humans ; MMPI* ; Outpatients ; Peptic Ulcer ; Psychology ; Reference Values