OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of aerobics and aquarobics exercise programs on elders' leg muscle strength, balance and walking ability in elders. The participants of the study were 21 elders; 11 of them participated in the aerobics exercise program and 10 of them participated in the aquarobic exercise program. METHODS: Both of the participants practiced for 10 weeks. The data were analyzed with using two-way ANOVA with repeated measures on the last factor. RESULTS: The results were summarized as follows: First, the main effect of exercise programs(aerobics x aquarobics) and the interaction effect between the exercise programs and the leg muscle strength were not significant. Second, the participants' static balance of the aquarobics exercise program increased more than that of the aerobics exercise program. Third, the participants' dynamic balance of the aquarobics exercise program increased more than that of the aerobics exercise program. Fourth, the main effect of exercise programs and the interaction effect between the exercise programs and the increase in gait speed were not significant. Fifth, the participants' step length of aquarobics exercise group increased more than that of the aerobics exercise program. All of the participants' leg muscle strength, static balance, dynamic balance, gait speed and step length increased after the both of two exercise programs. And, more importantly, the positive effect of the aquarobics exercise program on static balance, dynamic balance and step length was stronger than that of the aerobics exercise program. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the aquarobics exercise program be more effective exercise on elders' balance and walking ability than the aerobics exercise program.
Gait ; Leg* ; Muscle Strength* ; Walking*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Horns* ; Nevus, Sebaceous of Jadassohn*

No abstract available.
Tuberculosis*

A case of malignant mixed mesodermal tumor (MMMT) developed after radiation therapy for a uterine cervix cancer is described. The patient was a 62-year-old female at the time of diagnosis of stage Ib squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix and a total of 12,000 rads of x-ray was administered on the pelvic area. Five years later she manifested vaginal spotting and rectal pain. Endometial curettage and biopsy revealed carcinosarcoma. Radical hysterectomy was done and a 5x3x2 cm sized polypoid mass was noted in the uterine cavity. Microscopically, the tumor showed intimate admixture of adenocarcinomatous and sarcomatous areas. The sarcomatous stroma was composed of compactly arranged atypical spindle cells with frequent mitoses, merging into a loosely textured reticular areas and abundant amount of heterologous elements such as skeletal muscle and cartilage. The rhabdomyosarcomatous element was confirmed by PTAH staining and immunohistochemical staining for myoglobin and desmin. Multiple metastases to the liver, lung, and lymph nodes appeared within one year of total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. In spite of palliative radiotherapy, she expired one month later.
Female ; Humans ; Biopsy ; Neoplasm Metastasis

Heat shock protein of 72 kDa (HSP70) has a role in the functional modulation of sex steroid hormone receptors and in p53-associated oncogenesis and inhibits apoptosis associated with bcl-2. However, the exact role of HSP70 in the development of endometrial adenocarcinoma has not been well established. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of HSP70 in relation with ER, PR, p53 and bcl-2 expressions and apoptosis in benign and malignant endometrial lesions. Immunohistochemical studies for HSP70, ER, PR, p53, bcl-2 and TUNEL method for apoptosis were performed in 30 cases of adenocarcinoma and 30 cases of benign endometrial lesions consisted of each 10 cases of disordered proliferative endometrium (DP), simple or complex hyperplasia (HP), and atypical hyperplasia (AH). There were no significant differences of HSP70 and bcl-2 expression rates and apoptotic index (AI) between DP, HP, AH, and adenocarcinoma. p53 expression rate in adenocarcinoma was 36.7%, but no p53 expression was identified in DP, HP and AH (p<0.05). In adenocarcinoma, HSP70 expression rate was higher in ER and PR negative adenocarcinoma (p<0.05), and p53 expression rate was higher in nonendometrioid type and FIGO grade II and III (p<0.05), but no significant difference of bcl-2 expression rate according to the histological type and FIGO grade. AI was higher in nonendometrioid type (p<0.05). There was no correlation between HSP70, p53 and bcl-2 expressions, and no significant difference of AI according to HSP70, ER, PR, p53, and bcl-2 expressions. In conclusion, higher HSP70 expression rate in poorly differentiated and ER and PR negative adenocarcinoma suggests that HSP70 inhibits ER and PR expression and may be involved in the development of poorly differentiated endometrial adenocarcinoma.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Apoptosis* ; Carcinogenesis ; Endometrium ; Female ; Heat-Shock Proteins ; Hyperplasia ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling

BACKGROUND: The functional dyspepsia gives rise to such a symptom similar to peptic ulcer without showing a noticeable lesion(e.g, gastric or duodenal ulcer) by endoscopy or upper GI serises, and it has been known that this is about twice as many as the peptic ulcer. However, there is no exact theory about its pathophysiology and it is suggested that multiple factors including genetic, physiologic, psychologic, environmental factors are engaged. Especially, in respect to the occurrence of functional dyspepsia and psychological factors, there have been many clinical studies over the world. But, we still need more studies in this country, therefore, this study has been initiated to give help patients of functional dyspepsia, invest.igating their characteristic traits through MMPI. METHODS: From March to September in 1996, the patients who visited the family medicine out-patients department of St. Marys hospital of Catholic Medical College were sampled in this study. There were 46 patients having a similar symptoms to peptic ulcer without showing pathologic lesions by endoscopy. Through an interview and some basic tests, the 41 controls who had no dyspeptic symptoms and were not affected to a noticeable physical or physiological disorders were selected for the normal reference group. The standardized MMPI of our country was applied to the whole object groups to get a result. Then each average value of the measure(mean T-score) was calculated, and the differences of the average value were analyzed by the t-test and chi-square test. And the psychological pattern analysis was done. RESULTS: In demographic aspects, there were no significant differences between the two groups. The mean T score for each measure of the two groups falls within the normal ranges with their values being of between 30 to 70. And the average of L, F, and K measure, known as the validity measure, did not give a significant differences between the two groups. The measure of Hs, D, and Hy have appeared significantly high in the patients group(p<0.01) and the Pd measure, too(p<0.05). While Mf, Pa, and Ma measure have not shown a significant differences, Pt, Sc, and Si measure have very significant differences(p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: In the patient group with the functional dyspepsia, the measures of Hs, D, and Hy where they indicate a neurotic pattern have shown a very significantly high point as well as those of Pd, Pt, Sc, and Si where they indicate a psychotic pattern. This reveals that in the group of the functional dyspepsia neurotic or psychotic trends to attribute. However, it is very hard to define the characteristics of a group with just one test, so further study with more variable test will be necessary.
Dyspepsia* ; Endoscopy ; Humans ; MMPI* ; Outpatients ; Peptic Ulcer ; Psychology ; Reference Values

Cerebrocostomandibular syndrome is characterized by micrognathia, cleft palate, multiple thorax deformity and frequently, mental deficiency. Respiratory compromise is a common cause of death. We experienced a case of cerebrocostomandibular syndrome with congenital heart disease in a 2 day old female baby with the chief complaint of cyanosis and respiratory difficulty since birth. She was delivered by cesarian section due to delayed labor at IUP 42 weeks. The diagnosis was made on the basis of clinical features, radiologic findings and echocardiogram, which showed micrognathia, deformity of 3rd finger Lt, hemivertebrae of T1-T6 Lt., absence of 1-6th rib Lt., dextrocardia, tetralogy of fallot, atrial septal defect secondum. We reported this case and reviewed related litertures briefly.
Cause of Death ; Cleft Palate ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Cyanosis ; Dextrocardia ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Fingers ; Heart Defects, Congenital* ; Heart Septal Defects, Atrial ; Humans ; Intellectual Disability ; Parturition ; Ribs ; Tetralogy of Fallot ; Thorax

BACKGROUND: This study purposed to survey the fit rate of respirators by person and by product through conducting a qualitative fit test of high-efficiency respirators; moreover, this study also tests for differences in the fit rates determined by the qualitative fit tests with an increase in the number of the types of respirators tested. METHODS: The subjects of this study were 30 healthcare personnel who had passed a sensitivity test. The fit test of high-efficiency respirators was conducted using FT10 (3M Co., USA), an experimental tool used for performing the qualitative fit test of high-efficiency respirators, and three types of high-efficiency respirators - 1860, PFR95, and N7000 - were tested. RESULTS: The qualitative fit test was performed for the three types of high-efficiency respirators and the fit rate of the respirators that the subjects had been using previously was 43.3%; however, the probability that one or more of the three types of high-efficiency respirators would fit the subjects increased to 83.3%, and this increase was statistically significant (P<0.05). The difference in the fit rates of the three types of high-efficiency respirator types was not statistically significant; however, the differences in the satisfaction of and preference for the different respirator products were all statistically significant (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Healthcare personnel are using ill-fitting respirators and a qualitative fit test should be performed to improve the fit of their respirator. In the qualitative fit test performed for the high-efficiency respirators, the fit rate increased with the increase in the variety of respirator types. Thus, a large variety of respirators should be made available to increase the fit rate of high-efficiency respirators for healthcare personnel.
Delivery of Health Care ; Humans ; Respiratory Protective Devices ; Ventilators, Mechanical

OBJECTIVE: This paper reviews the existing Korean medical and public health, and nursing academy articles on disease-specific and domain-specific quality of life, and provides recommendations for the universally validated core quality of life instruments and for use of these measures in clinical trials widely. METHODS: Quality of Life Instruments Database (QOLID) was searched in order to identify all relevant disease-specific, population-specific, and domain-specific QOL instruments. Titles and abstracts of 27 articles related to QOL research conducted by Korean researchers were retrieved from MEDLINE and RICH database. These articles were comprehensively reviewed to analyse the cross cultural adaptation, validation and other aspects of application of Korean version of QOL measures. RESULTS: 1. The journal search yielded a total 27 disease-specific and domain-specific articles, of which 22 were published in Korean nursing academic journal, 5 in medical and public health journals 2. Search for QOLID resulted in 92 specific QOL measures. Thirty-six instruments of which 31 were disease-specific measures, 2 symptom-specific, 2 population-specific, and 1 domain-specific, were translated into Korean language among them. Four Korean version of specific QOL measures were used in articles in MEDLINE. They were Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC), Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ), and Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ). An article using Korean version of Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ) is in press. 3. The Korean validated instruments published at international academic articles were HAQ, WOMAC, CHAQ, and CHQ. 4. The Korean version of Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ), Kidney Disease Quality of Life Instrument (KDQOL), Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy (FACT), Functional Assessment of Anorexia/Cachexia (FACTT), Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue (FACIT- F), Functional Assessment of Spiritual Wellbeing (FACT-Sp), and FACT-Anemia are going on Korean validation and data collection under the author contact and permission. 5. Twenty six studies out of 27 Korean articles reported the use of 16 kinds of Western instrument. There were some flaws such as omission of validation steps, deletion of items, arbitrary change of response scale, and absence of cultural adaptation and conceptual consideration in those articles. CONCLUSION: To use the health outcomes disease-specific instruments universally and to perform multi-national studies, it is suggested that cross-cultural equivalence across all translated versions and conceptual equivalence of translated instruments to the original version must be verified and the quality of life assessment need to be applied to clinical trials.
Arthritis ; Child ; Child Health ; Chronic Disease ; Data Collection ; Fibromyalgia ; Kidney Diseases ; Korea* ; Nursing ; Ontario ; Parkinson Disease ; Public Health ; Quality of Life* ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVE: This paper reviews the existing Korean medical, nursing and public health academy articles on health-related quality of life, and provides recommendations for the universally validated core quality of life instruments and for wide use of these measures in clinical trials widely. METHODS: A comprehensive review of 116 Korean articles from www.richis.org was conducted. A review of the application, Korean validation, and publishment of Western quality of life instrument from www.QOLID.org. and Medline was conducted in the 116 Korean academic articles. RESULTS: 1. The journal search yielded a total 116 articles, of which 81 were published in Korean nursing academic journal, 35 in medical and public health journals 2. The 4 generic instruments were developed in Korea (1 for middle-aged adult in Seoul, 1 for geriatrics, Korean Quality of Life Scale, Catholic Medical Center Health Survey). The instrument for Korean middle-aged adult was used in 50 Korean articles, but the deletion of items and domains, and change of response scales without conceptual considerations showed. 3. The Korean articles used Western Instruments were 43, of which 13 used generic instruments, 24 used disease-specific, and 2 used domain-specific instruments. 4. The translated instruments in Korean were 4 instruments of COOP-chart, Ferrans and Powers Quality of Life Index-Generic version (QLI), Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) 12-Items Short Form (SF-12), Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) 36-Items Short Form (SF-36) among 33 kinds of quality of life instrument from www.QOLID.org. There was no evidence of publishment internationally on Medline searching. The Korean version of Euro-Qol (EQ-5D) instrument is going on the publishment. 5. Thirteen studies out of 116 Korean articles reported the use of Western Instrument including QLI, WHQOL, General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), COOP-C, COOP-WONCA, Nottingham Health Profile (NHP) and SF-36 among 33 generic quality of life instruments in Korean academic articles. The ommission of international validation step, deletion of items and domains, change of response scales without cultural adaptation and conceptual considerations showed in Korean studies used Western instruments. CONCLUSION: To use the health outcomes instruments universally and to perform multi-national studies, it is suggested that cross-cultural equivalence across all translated versions and conceptual equivalence of translated instruments to the original version must be verified and the quality of life assessment need to be applied to clinical trials.
Adult ; Geriatrics ; Humans ; Korea* ; Nursing ; Public Health ; Quality of Life* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Seoul ; Weights and Measures