PURPOSE: To compare the clinical characteristics and laboratory finding between adenoviral and group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. METHODS: A retrospective review of medical records was performed in the patients with adenovirus infection among those who were admitted for febrile respiratory disease from January 2011 to July 2013 and GAS pharyngitis among those who visited for symptoms of scarlet fever from August 2006 to July 2013. RESULTS: 179 patients (AV1 group) were diagnosed with adenoviral pharyngitis and 37 (AV2 group) of these patients had adenovirus single infection. 26 patients (GAS group) were diagnosed with scarlet fever. Adenoviral infection (AV2 group) developed in younger patients compared to GAS group (2.8+/-2.1 years vs. 5.4+/-1.8 years, P=0.000). Total durations of fever and admission were longer in AV2 (6.3+/-2.6 days vs. 3.3+/-1.9 days, P=0.000; 4.1+/-1.2 days vs. 1.9+/-1.8 days, P=0.000, respectively). WBC counts were higher in AV2 (11,449+/-5,680 cells/mm2 vs. 6,722+/-6,941 cells/mm2, P=0.000). CRP was not significantly different between AV2 and GAS group (3.8+/-3.2 mg/dL vs. 5.2+/-5.1 mg/dL, P=0.368). No difference was found between two groups in the percentage of antibiotics use (91.9% vs. 100%, P=0.261). CONCLUSION: Clinical characteristics and measures of inflammation in the laboratory findings were similar between adenoviral and GAS pharyngitis group. It is necessary to conduct the test for respiratory virus and bacteria in early stage to differentiate in the pharyngitis patients with leukocytosis and elevation of CRP level.
Adenoviridae ; Adenoviridae Infections ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bacteria ; Child* ; Fever ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Leukocytosis ; Medical Records ; Pharyngitis* ; Retrospective Studies ; Scarlet Fever

PURPOSE: Perinatal asphyxia is a major factor correlated with diseases that cause respiratory distress in a neonate. So we aimed to investigate the relationship between respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and transient tachypnea of newborn (TTN) with plasma biological markers of perinatal asphyxia in full-term neonates. METHODS: Full-term neonates with transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN) and respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) who were admitted within 24 hours after birth were enrolled in a study group. And control group are infants with premature rupture of amniotic membrane without significant findings. Serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), creatine kinase (CK) and myoglobin were measured at admission. RESULTS: Of the total 80 infants, 54 were of the study group and 26 were of the control group. The numbers of RDS and TTN groups were 27 and 27, and the numbers of RDS with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) and RDS without HIE were 6 and 21 retrospectively. Serum AST, ALT, LDH and CK were significantly higher in the study group than the control group (P<0.05). When RDS group and TTN group were compared AST and LDH were significantly higher in RDS group than TTN group (P<0.05). Serum AST, ALT and LDH were significantly higher in RDS with HIE group than RDS without HIE group (P<0.05). A prediction of RDS by LDH analysis showed good correlation by receiver operating characteristic curve (P<0.05). A cut off level of 720 IU/L for LDH was the best predictor of RDS (sensitivity 63% and specificity 86%). CONCLUSION: LDH is an excellent predictor to differentiate RDS from TTN soon after birth in full-term neonates with respiratory distress.
Alanine Transaminase ; Amnion ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; Asphyxia ; Biomarkers ; Creatine Kinase ; Humans ; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase ; Myoglobin ; Parturition ; Plasma ; Retrospective Studies ; ROC Curve ; Rupture ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn*

PURPOSE: Meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS), often progresses to respiratory failure and its' serious complication, persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) is a major cause of neonatal mortality. Early recognition of infants at the risk for respiratory failure in MAS patients is necessary for treatment. So we aimed to identify serum enzymes such as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate transaminase (AST), and alanine transaminase (ALT) as serum biologic marker for early detection of respiratory failure in MAS patients. METHODS: Infants admitted within 24 hours after birth to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital and diagnosed with MAS from August 2005 to March 2014 were analyzed retrospectively. Serum enzymes were measured on admission. RESULTS: Of the total 60 patients diagnosed with MAS, 28 were in the positive pressure ventilation (PPV) group and 32 were in the non-PPV group. Six patients progressed to PPHN. Only serum LDH was significantly higher in the PPV group than the non-PPV group (median 1,123 vs. 831, P =0.01). Using the ROC curves, the cut-off value of 964 U/L for LDH offered the best predictive value for PPV requirement (sensitivity 61% and specificity 81%). Serum LDH was significantly higher in MAS with PPHN group than MAS without PPHN group (median 1,791 vs. 904, P =0.013). But serum AST, ALT were not predicting factor for the requirement of respiratory support and development of PPHN among MAS patients. CONCLUSION: LDH might be a good predicting factor for the requirement of respiratory support and development of PPHN among MAS patients.
Alanine Transaminase ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; Biomarkers ; Humans ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; Infant ; Infant Mortality ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Newborn* ; Intensive Care, Neonatal ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase ; Meconium Aspiration Syndrome* ; Meconium* ; Parturition ; Positive-Pressure Respiration ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; Retrospective Studies ; ROC Curve ; Sensitivity and Specificity

Background/Aims: Little is known about the association between infantile colic and the later onset of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Methods: This study examined all 917 707 children who were born in Korea between 2007 and 2008. Infantile colic was defined with 1 or more diagnoses of ICD-10 code R10.4 or R68.1 at the age of 5 weeks to 4 months, and infants with a diagnosis of infantile colic and without were allocated into the infantile colic group and the control group. IBS was defined as 2 or more diagnoses of ICD-10 code K58.X after 4 years of age. Each child was traced until 2017. The risk of IBS with infantile colic was evaluated using a Cox proportional hazards model with propensity score inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW). Results: After IPTW, 363 528 and 359 842 children were allocated to the control group and the infantile colic group, respectively. The infantile colic group had a higher risk of developing IBS in childhood (hazard ratio [95% CI], 1.12 [1.10 to 1.13]) than the control group.Moreover, the subgroup analyses according to the feeding status, birth weight, sex, or economic status, showed that the risk of IBS with former infantile colic remained statistically significant. Conclusions Children with a diagnosis of infantile colic during the infant period had a significant risk of developing IBS after 4 years of age.Understanding the pathogenesis of infantile colic in the neonatal period may reduce the prevalence and severity of functional gastrointestinal disorders from childhood to adolescence to adulthood.