No abstract available.
Glaucoma* ; Manometry* ; Mass Screening*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Outpatients*

BACKGROUND: HBsAg carriers are 6-12% of population in Korea. The patients knowledge on hepatitis B and regular follow-up tests are important, because HBsAg carriers have infectivity and the disease may progress without symptoms. We surveyed their knowledge on the hepatitis B and the frequency of follow-up blood test and sonogram. METHODS: From March 1993 through September 1994, 630 patients who were diagnosed as HBsAg positive and Anti-HBs negative in a health promotion center of college hospital were surveyed by mailing questionnaire. The questionnaire included the result of HBV viral marker test, transmission routes, complications, and prevention methods of Hepatitis B, frequency of follow-up test, and doctors recommendation. RESULTS: Of the 490 questionnaires excluded the 140 questionaires returned due to wrong address, 100 were answered, making the reply rate 20.4%. As for the result of HBV marker test, 64% answered their HBV marker as HBsAg positve, 10% answered HBsAg negative, and 26% answered I dont know. 65% answered that they are HBV carrier. As for the mode of transmission, 59% answered that HBV is transmitted by blood, 57% from carrier mother at birth, 29 % by sexual intercourse. 76% of responders know that vaccination is needed for preventing vertical transmission. When making score on their knowledge, significant differences were showed according to education, income and doctors recommendation about regular follow-up test. The number of persons who took regular blood test every 6 to 12 months were 56(56%), and the number of persons who took regular abdominal ultrasonogram were 39(39%). The number of patients who were recommended regular follow-up by doctor was 76%. In this group, 51 persons(67.0%) took regular blood test and 35 persons(35%) took regular sonogram so this frequency is significantly higher than the other group(each 20.8%, 16.7%). CONCLUSIONS: The knowledge on hepatitis B in HBsAg positive patients is relatively low and the frequency of regular follow-up test is significantly higher in the group who took doctors recommendation. So it is very important that HBsAg carriers must be educated about the infectivity, preventive methods, and regular follow-up for early detection of complication like hepatocellular cancer.
Biomarkers ; Coitus ; Education ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Health Promotion ; Hematologic Tests ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; Hepatitis B* ; Hepatitis* ; Humans ; Korea ; Liver Neoplasms ; Mothers ; Parturition ; Postal Service ; Ultrasonography ; Vaccination ; Surveys and Questionnaires

No abstract available.
Liver* ; Ultrasonography*

No abstract available.
Chest Pain* ; Emergencies* ; Emergency Service, Hospital* ; Thorax*

No abstract available.
Cervix Uteri* ; Female

No abstract available.
Humans ; Stress, Psychological* ; Suicide*

No abstract available.
Amniocentesis* ; Chorion* ; Chorionic Villi Sampling* ; Chorionic Villi* ; Female ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Pregnant Women*

BACKGROUND: Despite widespread recognition of the hazardous health effects of smoking, adolescent smoking continues to increase, emerging as a public health problem. However few studies have focused on smoking cessation programs for adolescent smokers. The purpose of this study was to measure the short-term effects of the adolescent smoking cessation program performed by the Seoul School Health Center. METHODS: Four hundred and twenty adolescent smokers referred from their schools from March to December of 1996 were assessed before and immediately after the program with a self-questionnaire. The data acquired from these 420 students was analyzed. RESULTS: Males were found to have a higher rate of daily smoking as compared with females. Middle school students had a earlier starting age than those of high school students. About 70% of the students had tried to stop smoking and about 1/3 had a high level of self-efficacy in stop smoking. More than 80% of the students were current alcohol drinkers and 10% ever had experience with other drugs. Many showed poor academic performance and low degree of satisfaction with their schools. More than 50% had experienced punishment at school Middle and high economic status were more common than low status, 73.3% had smokers in their families and 43.3% showed severe dysfunction in family APGA-R. Smoking cessation rate immediately after the program was 37.4%, highest in female high school students and lowest in male high school students Factors shown to be significantly associated with smoking cessation in males were school age, FTQ scores, presence of peer smokers, smoking and alcohol status, self-efficacy in stop smoking and degree of satisfaction with their schools. School age, presence of peer smakers, smoking and other drug use status, self-efficacy in stop smoking, academic performance, degree of satisfaction with their schools, experienoe of runaway from home, economic status and presence of smokers in their families were significant factors in females. Stepwise logistic regression showed that current alcohol users were less likely to succeed in smoking cessation and those with a higher level of self-efficacy in stop smoking were more likely to succeed in males. In females, high school students with higher economic status were more likely to succeed while those with smokers in their families or experience of runaway from home were less likely to succeed. CONCLUSIONS: To promote smoking cessation, specified and risk-based approaches are considered to encourage the motivation of adolescent smokers. For more effectiveness, programs will need to comprehensively include the school, the family, peers, alcohol and other drug issues as well as smoking problem itself.
Adolescent* ; Child ; Female ; Homeless Youth ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Motivation ; Program Evaluation ; Public Health ; Punishment ; School Health Services ; Seoul ; Smoke* ; Smoking Cessation* ; Smoking*

BACKGROUND: As childhood-onset obesity has been known to have a poor prognosis, and its prevalence is rapidly increasing, many children and adolescents are becoming concerned about obesity and try various weight control methods. This study assessed the experience and behaviors of weight control in obese adolescents. METHODS: A total of 732 among 840 obese students from 28 schools in Seoul metropolitan area were assessed with a self-administered questionnaire. RESULTS: Middle school students showed the highest trial rate of weight control. Elementary and high school girls showed significantly higher trial rates of weight control than boys(P<0.05). The methods more frequently used were physical exercise, and diet, drugs and other methods, and visits to obesity clinics in that order. Elementary school girls most frequently tried physical exercise while high school girls went on a diet most frequently. All groups of girls were dieting significantly more often than boys(P<0.05). High school girls were the most frequent users of drugs and other methods while elementary school boys and middle schoolgirls visited obesity clinics most frequently. Unhealthy weight control methods observed were monodiet(2.7%), fasting(1.9%), dieting pills(1.4%), and vomiting(0.1%). The mean number of weight control methods was decreased with increasing age. The possibility of overall weight control was significantly higher in girls, having higher weight dissatisfaction levels. The possibility of physical exercise was significantly higher in younger ages, having mother with a career and a family history of obesity. The possibility of dieting was significantly higher in girls, older ages, having higher obesity index. The possibility of using drugs and other methods was significantly higher if they had higher weight dissatisfaction levels and a family history of obesity. The possibility of visiting obesity clinics was significantly higher if they had higher obesity index. CONCLUSION: Although, exercise and diet were frequently chosen by obese adolescents for weight control, the munber unhealthy methods chosen were found to be higher and physical exercise decreased with increasing age. Therefore, an appropriate weight control program that is not detrimental to normal growth and development is called for in early adolescence.
Adolescent* ; Child ; Diet ; Exercise ; Female ; Growth and Development ; Humans ; Mothers ; Obesity ; Pediatric Obesity ; Prevalence ; Prognosis ; Seoul ; Surveys and Questionnaires