PURPOSE: This descriptive study was conducted to examine the status of the health examination in child care centers. METHOD: The participants in this study were 631 child care centers. A self report questionnaire on health examination which has been examined for content validity, was distributed by mail to 2,000 child care centers using randomized sampling. RESULT: Of the sample, 76.2% child care centers had done health examination for children. Height & weight, urinalysis, dental check, anemia test and visual acuity were the most frequently performed items. The rate for maintaining a health record was highest in the national/public child care centers. Child care centers more closely related to community health centers, showed higher rates of health examination. CONCLUSION: Health care personnel and financial aids should be provided for child care centers to enhance the level of health management of children.
Anemia ; Child ; Child Care* ; Child* ; Community Health Centers ; Delivery of Health Care ; Health Status ; Humans ; Infant ; Postal Service ; Self Report ; Urinalysis ; Visual Acuity ; Child Health ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine the survival rates of implants placed in grafted maxillary sinuses and compare the results obtained with graft materials, implant surfaces and timing of implant placement. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January 1996 and December 2005, 391 implants were placed in 161 patients who underwent sinus grafting treatment simultaneously or separately at Ewha Womans University Hospital. According to inclusion criteria, 272 implants were placed in 102 patients with 112 sinus grafts (30 females, 72 males), aged 26 to 88 years (mean age 49.0+/-9.7). The follow-up period ranged from 12 to 134 months (mean F/U 47+/-32). Survival rates were evaluated according to graft material, implant surface and timing of implant placement. The Kaplan-Meier procedure and the log rank (Mantel-Cox) test were used to estimate survival rates and test for equality of survival rates between different groups of patients. RESULTS: Ten-year cumulative survival rate for implants placed in the grafted sinuses was 90.1%. The survival rates for autogenous bone, combination and bone substitutes were 94.6%, 85.9% and 100%, respectively (p > 0.05). According to implant surface, survival rates were 84.8% in machined group and 97.5% in rough group (p < 0.05). The survival rates were 92.9% in delayed group and 86.0% in simultaneous group (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Ten-year cumulative survival rate for implants placed in the grafted sinuses was 90.1%. Rough-surfaced implants have a higher survival rate than machined-surfaced implants when placed in grafted sinuses (p < 0.05).
Aged ; Bone Substitutes ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Maxillary Sinus ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; Transplants

No abstract available.
Gastroschisis*

PURPOSE: The purpose of the non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest study was to test the effects of self-directed nursing practice using peer-tutoring, on the level of confidence, performance and learning satisfaction of nursing students in practicing core nursing skills. METHODS: The data were collected from 80 junior nursing students at a nursing college in Daejeon before and after 3 weeks of intervention on practicing six core nursing skills, according to the highest order of priority. The subjects were divided into the peer-tutoring practice group (PTPG, n=40) and the lecturer-guided practice group (LGPG, n=40). The data were analyzed using mean, frequency, and t-test. RESULTS: The PTPG scored statistically higher than the LGPG on the performance of ‘indwelling urinary catheterization’ and ‘wearing protection equipment while entering quarantine room & disposing waste’ The PTPG scored statistically higher than the LGPG on the confidence of ‘indwelling urinary catheterization’ and ‘inserting intravenous catheterization’. The PTPG scored statistically higher on learning satisfaction than LGPG. CONCLUSION: The results showed that self-directed nursing practice using peer-tutoring could be effective for nursing students in improving proficiency in core nursing skills and might be applied to core nursing skills training.
Clinical Competence ; Humans ; Learning* ; Nursing* ; Quarantine ; Students, Nursing*

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a rare but potentially lethal outcome caused by sudden discontinuation or dose reduction of dopaminergic agents. We report an extremely rare case of NMS after deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery in a cerebral palsy (CP) patient without the withdrawal of dopaminergic agents. A 19-year-old girl with CP was admitted for DBS due to medically refractory dystonia and rigidity. Dopaminergic agents were not stopped preoperatively. DBS was performed uneventfully under monitored anesthesia. Dopaminergic medication was continued during the postoperative period. She manifested spasticity and muscle rigidity, and was high fever resistant to anti-pyretic drugs at 2 h postoperative. At postoperative 20 h, she suffered cardiac arrest and expired, despite vigorous cardiopulmonary resuscitation. NMS should be considered for hyperthermia and severe spasticity in CP patients after DBS surgery, irrespective of continued dopaminergic medication.
Anesthesia ; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ; Cerebral Palsy* ; Deep Brain Stimulation* ; Dopamine Agents ; Dystonia ; Female ; Fever ; Globus Pallidus* ; Heart Arrest ; Humans ; Muscle Rigidity ; Muscle Spasticity ; Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome ; Postoperative Period ; Young Adult

Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) is characterized by acute nonfollicular sterile pustules on a background of edematous erythema. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), an antimalarial drug, widely used to treat rheumatic and dermatologic diseases. HCQ has been reported to be an uncommon cause of AGEP. We report a 60-year-old woman with rheumatoid arthritis requiring the use of HCQ presented fever and erythematous eruption on the trunk with sterile pustules. Leukocytosis and elevated erythrocyte sedimention rate noted on laboratory examination. On the histopathological examination of the skin biopsy specimen showed neutrophilic infiltration and scattered eosinohpils. The lesions were resolved with removal of HCQ. The clinical course was consistent with the diagnosis of AGEP associated with HCQ. We reported a case of typical AGEP associated with HCQ in a patient with Rheumatoid arthritis. The patient presented resolution from cutaneous lesions with withdrawal of culprit drug, without the need of systemic steroid.
Acute Generalized Exanthematous Pustulosis ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Biopsy ; Erythema ; Erythrocytes ; Female ; Fever ; Humans ; Hydroxychloroquine ; Leukocytosis ; Neutrophils ; Skin

OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study are 1) to determine if GAST is a better indicator in predicting ovarian response to COH compared with patient's age or basal FSH level and 2) to evaluate its role in detecting abnormal ovarian response. DESIGN : Prospective study in 118 patients undergoing IVF-ET using GnRH-a short protocol during May-September 1995. MATERIALS AND METHODS: After blood sampling for basal FSH and estradiol (E2) on cycle day two, 0.5 ml (0.525 mg) GnRH agonist (Suprefact, Hoechst) was injected subcutaneously. Serum E2 was measured 24 hours later. Initial E2 difference (deltaE2) was defined as the change in E2 on day 3 over the baseline day 2 value. Sixteen patients with ovarian cyst or single ovary or incorrect blood collection time were excluded from the analysis. The patients were divided into three groups by deltaE2; group A (n=30):deltaE2<40 pg/ml, group B (n=52): 40 pg/ml< or =deltaE2<100 pg/ml, group C (n=20): deltaE2< or =100 pg/ml. COH was done by GnRH agonist/HMG/hCG and IVF-EF was followed. Ratio of E2 on day of hCG injection over the number of ampules of gonadotropins used (E2hCGday/Amp) was regarded as ovarian responsiveness. Poor ovarian response and overstimulation were defined as E2 hCGday less than 600 pg/ml and greater than 5000 pg/ml, respectively. RESULTS: Mean age (+/-SEM) in group A, B and C were 33.7+/-0.8*, 31.5 +/-0.6 and 30.6+/-0.5*, respectively (*: p<0.05). Mean basal FSH level of group A (11.1+/-1.1 mIU/ml) was significantly higher than those of B (7.4+/- 0.2 mIU/ml) and C (6.8+/-0.4 mIU/ml) 0<0.001). Mean E2hCGday of group A was significantly lower than those of group B or C, i.e., 1402.1+/-187.7 pg/ml, 3153.2+/- 240.0 pg/ml, 4078.8+/-306.4 pg/ml respectively (p<0.0001). The number of ampules of gonadotropins used in group A was significantly greater than those in group B or C: 38.6+/-2.3, 24.2+/-1.1 and 18.5+/-1.0 (p<0.0001). The number of oocytes retrieved in group A was significantly smaller than those in group B or C: 6.4+/-1.1, 15.5+/-1.1 and 18.6+/-1.6, respectively (p<0.0001). By stepwise multiple regression, only deltaE2 showed a significant correlation (r=0.68, p<0.0001) with E2HCGday/Amp, while age or basal FSH level were not significant. Likewise, only deltaE2 correlated significantly with the number of oocytes retrieved (r=0.57, p<0.001). All four patients whose COH was canceled due to poor ovarian response belonged to group A only (Fisher's exact test, p<0.01). Whereas none of 30 patients in group A (0%) had overstimulation, 14 patients among 72 patients (19.4%) in group B and C had overstimulation (Fisher's exact test, p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that initial E2 difference after GAST may be a better prognostic indicator of ovarian response to COH than age or basal FSH level. Since initial E2 difference demonstrates significant association with abnormal ovarian response such as poor ovarian response necessitating cycle cancellation or overstimulation, GAST may be helpful in monitoring and consultation of patients during COH in IVF-ET cycle.
Estradiol ; Female ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone* ; Gonadotropins ; Humans ; Oocytes ; Ovarian Cysts ; Ovary ; Ovulation Induction* ; Prospective Studies

No abstract available.

Young radish (Raphanus sativus L), a member of the mustard family (Cruciferae), is a common ingredient of Kimchi. Although few reports have described anaphylaxis to cruciferous vegetables, we report the case of anaphylaxis induced by contact with young radish. A 46-year-old female with a history of contact allergy to metal presented to our emergency room (ER) with dizziness, generalized eruption and gastrointestinal upset. Her symptoms developed after re-exposure to young radish while chopping it. Hypotensive blood pressures were noted. Three days prior, the patient had experienced generalized urticaria with pruritus immediately after chopping the fresh young radish, which resolved spontaneously. In the ER, her symptoms improved by the administration of epinephrine (0.3 mL), antihistamine (chlorpheniramine) and isotonic saline hydration. A skin prick test with young radish extract showed positive reactivity. The same skin test was negative in five adult controls. IgE-mediated hypersensitivity could be an important immunologic mechanism in the development of young radish-induced anaphylaxis.
Adult ; Anaphylaxis* ; Dizziness ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Epinephrine ; Female ; Food Hypersensitivity ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Hypersensitivity, Immediate ; Middle Aged ; Mustard Plant ; Pruritus ; Raphanus* ; Skin ; Skin Tests ; Urticaria ; Vegetables

BACKGROUND: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, for which smoking is considered as the primary risk factor. The present study was conducted to determine whether genetic alterations induced by radon exposure are associated with the susceptible risk of lung cancer in never smokers. METHODS: To accurately identify mutations within individual tumors, next generation sequencing was conduct for 19 pairs of lung cancer tissue. The associations of germline and somatic variations with radon exposure were visualized using OncoPrint and heatmap graphs. Bioinformatic analysis was performed using various tools. RESULTS: Alterations in several genes were implicated in lung cancer resulting from exposure to radon indoors, namely those in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), tumor protein p53 (TP53), NK2 homeobox 1 (NKX2.1), phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 7 (CHD7), discoidin domain receptor tyrosine kinase 2 (DDR2), lysine methyltransferase 2C (MLL3), chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 5 (CHD5), FAT atypical cadherin 1 (FAT1), and dual specificity phosphatase 27 (putative) (DUSP27). CONCLUSIONS: While these genes might regulate the carcinogenic pathways of radioactivity, further analysis is needed to determine whether the genes are indeed completely responsible for causing lung cancer in never smokers exposed to residential radon.
Cadherins ; Computational Biology ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; Dual-Specificity Phosphatases ; Genes, Homeobox ; Lung Neoplasms* ; Lung* ; Lysine ; Radioactivity ; Radon* ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; Risk Factors ; Smoke ; Smoking ; TYK2 Kinase