No abstract available.
Adolescent* ; Humans ; Male* ; Shock, Septic*

PURPOSE: To evaluate mammographic and sonographic breast parenchymal changes and the risk of breast cancer in women on hormonal replacement therapy (HRT). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study group consisted of 50 patients examined with serial mammograms and/or ultrasonograms during HRT. The control group consisted of 50 patients examined with serial mammogram for a routine health check. Mammographic parenchymal changes in both the study and control groups and so- nographic findings of 27/50 patients in study group were evaluated. RESULTS: Follow-up mammogram of the control group showed no interval change or slight evolution of parenchyma with increasing age, but the study group showed increasing parenchymal densities. Most frequently encountered finding on SOhogram in 11 women treated by estrogen alone, was ductal dilatation (7cases ;64%), whereas in 16 women treated by estrogen and progesteron it was ductal epithelial hyperplasia (8 cases; 50%). Overall, four breast cancers developed;one infiltrating ductal carcinoma and three ductal carcinoma in situ. CONCLUSION: HRT causes the changes of breast parenchyma on mammogram and sonogram of postmenopausal women, and increases the risk of developing breast cancer. Therefore, careful and regular examination should be followed in those on postmenopausal HRT.
Breast Neoplasms ; Breast* ; Carcinoma, Ductal ; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating ; Dilatation ; Estrogens ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Ultrasonography

No abstract available.
Osteochondroma*

PURPOSE: To evaluate differential points of patterns of clustered microcalcification between malignant(n=17) and benign(n=46) lesions on mammogram MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively and prospectively evaluated mammograms of surgically confirmed 63 patients showing clustered microcalcifications. Area, density, number, size, shape of calcification were evaluated along with associated mass and parenchymal distortion. RESULTS: Malignant calcifications were more variable in size(14/17, 77% vs 25/46, 53%) and shape(l 1/17, 64. 8% vs 13/46, 28.2%) than benign counterparts. Pepper, fine granular, branching, comma, tadpole and wormiform calcification were observed in malignant lesion with statistical significance. The malignant calcifications showed more faint(12/17, 70.5% vs 23/46, 50%), irregular margin(17/17, 100% vs 19/46, 42%) and they were usually associated with parenchymal distortion(16/17, 94% vs 9/46, 20%) and ill-defined masses(10/17, 58.9% vs 12/46, 26.1%). CONCLUSION: Clustered microcalcifications with variable size and shape, faint or irregular margin, parenchymal distortion, ill-defined masses seen on mammography, suggest malignancy.
Humans ; Larva ; Mammography ; Prospective Studies ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether twin discordancy is a risk factor for adverse perinatal and neonatal outcomes. METHODS: Three hundred and seventy-five twin gestations over 28 weeks of gestation were included in this retrospective study. Medical records of mothers and infants were reviewed. Pregnancies were divided into 2 groups according to the birth weight discordancy(%) between twin neonates(group I;less than 25%, group II;25% or more). Birth weight discordancy was calculated from following formula; (birth weight of larger twin-birth weight of smaller twin)/birth weight of larger twin x 100. Perinatal and neonatal outcomes in group I and II were compared with each other. Also, difference in the outcomes between the smaller and larger twins of group II was evaluated. To evaluate whether birth weight discordancy is an independent variable in predicting poor perinatal and neonatal outcomes, multiple logistic regression analysis was used. RESULTS: Thirty-seven gestations(9.9%) were documented to belong to group II. Group II showed significantly higher incidence of preeclampsia, placenta previa, and small for gestational age infants(p<0.01, p<0.05 and p<0.001, respectively). The group also showed higher incidence of adverse neonatal outcomes(admission to neonatal intensive care unit, respiratory distress syndrome, pneumonia, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, patent ductus arteriosus, intraventricular hemorrhage, retinopathy of prematurity, necrotizing enterocolitis, sepsis, congenital anomaly, neonatal death, p<0.01). Outcomes of the larger and smaller twins of group II were not significantly different with each other except small for gestational age infants(p<0.005). However, birth weight discordancy was not an independent variable in predicting adverse perinatal and neonatal outcomes. CONCLUSION: Fetal growth discordancy of 25% or more should be regarded as a risk factor for adverse perinatal and neonatal outcomes in twin gestations. However it is not an independent factor in predicting adverse perinatal and neonatal outcomes.
Birth Weight ; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ; Ductus Arteriosus, Patent ; Enterocolitis, Necrotizing ; Fetal Development* ; Gestational Age ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Intensive Care, Neonatal ; Logistic Models ; Medical Records ; Mothers ; Placenta Previa ; Pneumonia ; Pre-Eclampsia ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Twin ; Retinopathy of Prematurity ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors* ; Sepsis

No abstract available.
Estrogens* ; Progesterone* ; Receptors, Progesterone*

PURPOSE: In children on anticancer chemotherapy, bloodstream infections (BSIs) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality. We investigated febrile episodes and bloodstream infections in pediatric cancer patients to guide proper selection of empiric antibiotics for febrile pediatric hemato-oncologic patients. METHODS: All febrile episodes treated in the division of hematology-oncology, the department of pediatrics, Hanyang University Hospital, between July 2005 and June 2008 were reviewed. Episodes with and without bloodstream infections were compared. RESULTS: Forty cases (18.9%, 25 patients) of BSI occurred in 212 febrile episodes (63 patients). Thirty-seven cases (23.6%, 22 patients) of BSI occurred in 157 febrile episodes with neutropenia (54 patients). Microorganisms identified in BSI corresponded to 23 gram-positive bacteria (51.2%), 20 gram-negative bacteria (44.5%), and 2 fungi (4.4%). Rates of BSI between those who had received umbilical cord blood transplantation and those who had received transplantation from other source were significantly different (55.0% vs. 7.7%, P=0.001). No differences in mortality rate were observed among organisms in BSI patients. For febrile episodes the rate of BSI was higher among those with Chemoport than those with Hickman catheter (P=0.029) and gram-positive pathogens were more likely to be associated with Chemoport (P=0.001). CONCLUSION: The study showed the rate of BSI, distribution of pathogens with regard to neutropenia, transplantation, central venous catheters, and antimicrobial susceptibility of pathogens in order to help guide in the choice of optimal empiric antibiotics in pediatric febrile neutropenic hemato-oncologic patients.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bacteremia ; Catheters ; Central Venous Catheters ; Child ; Fetal Blood ; Fever ; Fungi ; Gram-Negative Bacteria ; Gram-Positive Bacteria ; Humans ; Neutropenia ; Pediatrics ; Transplants

No abstract available.
Female ; Humans ; Hysterosalpingography*