Perinatal asphyxia is an insult to fetus or newborn due to lack of oxygen or perfusion to various organs, especially to brain, resulting in the important complication known as hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. A clinical study was conducted on 30 newborns with perinatal asphyxia, who were admitted to Pediatric department of Ewha Women's University Hospital during 18 months period from Sep. 1990 to Feb. 1992. CPK, LDH and isoenzymes were measured in 30 asphyxated neonates and compared with control group. The results were as follows: 1) The serum CPK values at 1st and 7th day were not different in the asphyxia group and control group. 2) The serum CPK-BB and MB fraction at 1st day were highly significant in the asphyxia group. 3) The CSF CPK value at 1st day was highly significant in the asphyxia group. 4) The serum LDH values and the serum LDH isoenzyme 3 were highly significant in asphyxia group at 1st day. 5) The CSF LDH values and the CSF LDH isoenzyme 2 and 3 were highly significant in asphyxia group at 1st day. So, we concluded the serum CPK-BB fraction, the CSF CPK values, the serum LDH values, the serum LDH 2 fraction, the CSF LDH values and the CSF LDH 2,3 fraction as predictors of neurologic disability following perinatal asphyxia.
Asphyxia* ; Brain ; Fetus ; Humans ; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain ; Infant, Newborn ; Isoenzymes ; Oxygen ; Perfusion

Routine use of commercially available antisera against hepatitis B core antigen(HBcAg) has permitted a reevaluation of the histochemical distribution of the antigen in liver tissue. HBcAg, classically described almost exclusively in the nucleus, was found with a very high frequency in the cytoplasm of liver cells as well. To elucidate the biologic significance of HBcAg expression and its relation to the natural course of hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection, the patterns of activity in 33 needle liver biopsies of HBsAg carriers were analysed. A good correlation of liver HBcAg with disease activity was demonstrated. HBcAg was present in the hepatocyte nuclei(nHBcAg) or cytoplasm(cHBcAg), or in both(mixed). Pure nHBcAg was seen mainly in non-aggressive reactive liver tissue and cHBcAg was predominantly associated with chronic active hepatitis(95%). The results suggest that expression of HBcAg correlates with the liver pathology and the possibility of HBcAg to be an immunological target for T cell mediated hepatocyte damage.
Biopsy

No abstract available.
Neurofibroma ; Neurofibromatoses ; Neurofibromatosis 1

We reviewed surgical specimens from 11 patients with diffuse neurofibroma to define the specific clinicopathologic characteristics. Ten cases were cutaneous neurofibromas and one case was an uncommon gastrointestinal neurofibroma involving the rectum. The most frequent sites of involvement were the head and neck, especially the eyelids and the periorbital areas. They usually presented as a plaque-like elevation of the skin. They primarily occured in children and young adults and positive family histories of von Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis were obtained in 45.4%. Pathologically, the involved skin & rectum were diffusely thickened by an infiltrative growing mass, showing proliferation of short fusiform cells in the uniform matrix of fine fibrillary collagen. The characteristic prominence of Wagner-Meissner bodies (45.4%) suggests they could be associated with pathogenesis of diffuse neurofibroma. On the basis of these findings, we could confirm diffuse neurofibroma to be a distinct form of neurofibroma.
Child ; Adult ; Male ; Female ; Humans

This article aims to investigate the shaping of knowledge and discourse on ginseng, especially among physicians and botanists, since its introduction to France from the 17th century until the early 18th century. In France, knowledge on herbal medicine, including that of ginseng, was shaped under the influence of the modern state's policy and institution: mercantilism and the Académie royale des sciences. The knowledge of herbal medicine developed as an important part of the mercantilist policy supported systematically by the Académie. The East Asian ginseng, renowned as a panacea, was first introduced into France in the 17th century, initially in a roundabout way through transportation and English and Dutch publications of travel tales from various foreign countries. The publication activity was mainly conducted by Thévenot company with the intention to meet the needs of French mercantilism promoted by Colbert. It also implied interests on medicine in order to bolster the people's health. The Thévenot company's activity thus offered vital information on plants and herbs abroad, one of which was ginseng. Furthermore, with Louis XIV's dispatching of the Jesuit missionaries to East Asia, the Frenchmen were able to directly gather information on ginseng. These information became a basis for research of the Académie. In the Académie, founded in 1666 by Colbert, the king's physicians and botanists systematically and collectively studied on exotic plants and medical herbs including ginseng. They were also key figures of the Jardin du Roi. These institutions bore a striking contrast to the faculty of medicine at the University of Paris which has been a center of the traditional Galenic medicine. The research of the Académie on ginseng was greatly advanced, owing much to the reports and samples sent from China and Canada by Jartoux, Sarrazin, and Lapitau. From the early 18th century, the conservative attitude of the University of Paris, which was a stronghold of conservative Galenic Medicine, began to change with its new interest on foreign medicine herbs, including Chinese medicine. In our opinion, this change is exemplified in a paper, that is to say in a thése de licence or thése quolibétique in French, submitted to the Faculty of Medicine in 1736 by Folliot de Saint-Vast under the direction of Jacques-François Vendermonde. During this period, the knowledge of Chinese Materia Medica was introduced, despite of textual adaptation and interpolation, through the "translation" of Chinese medicale books such as Bencao Gangmu. The Chinese medical books were presented to the French academic public by doctors and Jesuit missionaries active in China. The assessment of the ginseng was generally favorable yet, although physicians and doctors began to take more caution on considering it as a panacea.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Botany ; Canada ; China ; Far East ; France* ; Herbal Medicine* ; Humans ; Intention ; Materia Medica ; Missions and Missionaries ; Panax* ; Publications ; Strikes, Employee ; Transportation

The heterotopic and tissues may be divided into two categories: those that are found in the head and neck region, and those that arise elsewhere. The latter type is rare and most cases are found in the lungs of patients with neural tube defect, particularly anencephaly. Our report descrives anencephalic male infant with heterotopic glial nodules in both lungs. The largest nodule is 2x1.5x1 cm, locates in the lower lobe of the left lung, and has a round gray-white cut surface with cystic spaces. Microscopically, the nodules consist of irregularly arranged astrocytes and glial fibers, in which are embedded gland-like or cystically dilated bronchioles. The astrocytes and glial fibers are strongly positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein and show astrocytic filaments on electron microscopy. This will be an additional case supporting the amniotic fluid aspiration/implantation theory of pathogenetic mechanism of distal heerotopic glial tissue.
Infant ; Male ; Female ; Humans

No abstract available.
Asthma* ; Atrial Natriuretic Factor* ; Egg Hypersensitivity* ; Ovum*

BACKGROUND: Acantholysis can be seen occasionally in the cutanous squamous cell carcinoma(SCC) as a result of degenerative changes of neoplastic cells. OBJECTIVE: This study was done to investigate the keratin attern and a wide range of immunohistochemical features of acantholytic cells of cutaneous SCC. METHODS: Seventeen cases of SCC showed acantholytic cells histoloieally and formalin-fixed, paraf-finembedded biopsy specimens from them were stained by ABC(avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex) staining. Fourteen biopsy specimens from 14 cases of SCC were staincd with 3 monoclonal anti-keratin antibodies(CAM 5.2, MAK-6, and 34bE12) and 17 biopsy spec:mcns from 17 cases of SCC were stained with antibodies agairist CEA(carcinoembryonic antigen), vitamin, S-100 protein, Factor VIII-R Ag, LCA(leukocyte common antigen), and lysozyme. RESULT & CONCLUSION: Acantholytic cells of 14 cases of SCC showed consistently negative staining with CAM 5.2. The acatholytic cells showed a wide range of reactivity with MAK-6 from negative to moderately strong positivity and with 34pE12 from negative to strong positivity. A few acantholytic cells of 6 cases of SCC showed weakly positive staining with anti-CEA antibody, but acantholytic cells of all 17 cases showed consistently negative staining wit,h the other antibodies.
Acantholysis ; Antibodies ; Biopsy ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Muramidase ; Negative Staining ; S100 Proteins ; Skin* ; Vitamins

BACKGROUND: Acantholysis can be seen occasionally in the cutanous squamous cell carcinoma(SCC) as a result of degenerative changes of neoplastic cells. OBJECTIVE: This study was done to investigate the keratin attern and a wide range of immunohistochemical features of acantholytic cells of cutaneous SCC. METHODS: Seventeen cases of SCC showed acantholytic cells histoloieally and formalin-fixed, paraf-finembedded biopsy specimens from them were stained by ABC(avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex) staining. Fourteen biopsy specimens from 14 cases of SCC were staincd with 3 monoclonal anti-keratin antibodies(CAM 5.2, MAK-6, and 34bE12) and 17 biopsy spec:mcns from 17 cases of SCC were stained with antibodies agairist CEA(carcinoembryonic antigen), vitamin, S-100 protein, Factor VIII-R Ag, LCA(leukocyte common antigen), and lysozyme. RESULT & CONCLUSION: Acantholytic cells of 14 cases of SCC showed consistently negative staining with CAM 5.2. The acatholytic cells showed a wide range of reactivity with MAK-6 from negative to moderately strong positivity and with 34pE12 from negative to strong positivity. A few acantholytic cells of 6 cases of SCC showed weakly positive staining with anti-CEA antibody, but acantholytic cells of all 17 cases showed consistently negative staining wit,h the other antibodies.
Acantholysis ; Antibodies ; Biopsy ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Muramidase ; Negative Staining ; S100 Proteins ; Skin* ; Vitamins

The purpose of this study was to synthesize the literature on the sex education programs for Korean college students and to provide a basis for developing effective sex education programs for this population. Methods: Whittemore and Knafl's integrative review method guided this review of studies conducted from 2000 to 2019. Articles were identified through three electronic databases and scholarly web sites. Fifteen articles met the inclusion criteria. Results: Three studies were descriptive, and 12 described interventions. In most of the reviewed studies, sexual knowledge, sexual attitudes, and sexual autonomy improved after sex education interventions. Before providing sex education, the researchers assessed student's needs for sex education and the various topics provided through sex education programs. Conclusion: When developing sex education programs, we need to a) focus on practical sexual knowledge including contraceptive methods, b) provide repeated and continuous education of a sufficient duration, c) provide comprehensive sex education beyond biological sex, and d) use various teaching methods to allow participants to gain a better understanding. Additionally, sex education should be conducted by experts such as nurses or trained educators to provide systematic and comprehensive education for young adults.