Optic nerve gliomas manifest either as a solitary form or a component of von Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis. The reported incidence of coexistence with neurofibromatosis varies from 12% to 70%. Usually there are no significant cytological differences between the gliomas that accomapny the disease and those that are deemed to be solitary manifestations. The only possible difference between them is the apparently more common association, with the former, of extensive arachnoid hyperplasia and of a more florid local gliomatous infiltration into the leptomeninges, altogether resulting in perineural thickening. Our cases were 8 and 6 years old girls, respectively, presented with slowly progressive proptosis for 4 years and visual disturbance for 2.5 months. There were multiple cafe au lait spots on their trunks, and case 2 showed Lisch nodules in the iris. MRI of brain revealed unilateral optic nerve thickening with involvement of chiasm or multiple intracranial lesions. Resection of optic nerve tumor was performed. Microscopically, variable degree of tumorous change was seen. Most typically enlarged area was composed of intraneural and perineural portions surrounded by a layer of intact dura. Intraneural tumor revealed proliferation of elongated, spindle-shaped pilocytic astrocytes in intertrabecular spaces and distention of the pial septa with fibrovascular thickening. Another segment had areas with reactive gliosis. Perineural tissue was considerably thickened and, associated with proliferation of meningothelial cells and fibroblasts intermingled with astrocytes and Rosenthal fibers. There were increase of the optic nerve diameter and distention of the overlying dura. Foci of arachnoid cell hyperplasia were noted in both cases, although differed in degree. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells expressed glial fibrillary acidic protein in intraneural and perineural portions particularly in case 2.
Incidence

OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to investigate the pattern of stress coping strategies and the effects of stress coping strategies on quality of life in patients with schizophrenia. METHODS: Stress coping strategies and quality of life were examined using Ways of Coping Checklist and Schizophrenia Quality of Life Scale for 98 patients with schizophrenia. Stress coping strategies were composed of problem-focused coping, social support seeking, emotion-focused coping, and wishful thinking. Among these, problem-focused coping and social support seeking were active coping strategies while emotion-focused coping and wishful thinking were passive coping strategies. Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI) were also administered. RESULTS: Active coping scores were higher than passive coping scores in patients with schizophrenia. Quality of life was higher in the active coping group compared to the passive coping group. Active coping usage was a significant predictor of higher quality of life even after controlling for gender, age, PANSS, and BDI scores. CONCLUSION: Patients with schizophrenia used more active coping strategies than passive coping strategies, which showed significant association with higher quality of life. A treatment program to provide education on use of active coping strategies in a proper and flexible way might contribute to enhanced quality of life in patients with schizophrenia.
Adaptation, Psychological ; Checklist ; Depression ; Education ; Humans ; Quality of Life* ; Schizophrenia* ; Stress, Psychological ; Thinking

A total of 213 fine needle aspirations from pulmonary lesions in 193 patients performed from January, 1986 to March, 1989 were analyzed. The cytologic diagnoses were unsatisfactory in 10, negative in 60, atypical in 6, suspicious in 11 and malignant in 126 cases. The cytologic types of the malignant cases were 47 squamous cell carcinomas, 40 adenocarcinomas, 10 small cell carcinomas, 6 large cell carcinomas and 10 metastatic tumors. They were verified by the histologic confirmation in 31 cases and by the clinical data in the remainder. There were 5 false-negative cases and none was false-positive, representing 96% sensitivity and 100% specificity. Primary lung cancers were accurately typed in 73% of histologically confirmed case. Cell blocks, prepared in 99 cases, were helpful in tumor typing of 11 cases.
Neoplasm Metastasis ; Lung Neoplasms

The purpose of this study was to implement and evaluate the health education program for elementary school children. The program consisted of nutritional education and physical exercise. The subjects composed of 89 school children, first through sixth grade (n = 100), who had completed ten weeks of health education program from April through July 2010. Pre-post intervention design was used to evaluate the program effectiveness. After completing health education program, the number of overweight subjects decreased (boys 13 to 11 and girls 11 to 9) and the number of obese subjects decreased from 5 to 4 for boys and 4 to 2 for girls The number of sit-ups significantly increased in both 1-2 grade girls and 3-4 grade girls. Backward trunk extension of 1-2 grade girls also significantly increased (p < 0.05). The level of serum total cholesterol decreased from 171.8 mg/dL to 153.5 mg/dL (p < 0.001). Hypercholesterolemia (above 239 mg/dL), hyperLDLcholesterolemia (above 175 mg/dL) and low level hemoglobin subjects changed to normal levels. Total score of nutrition knowledge increased from 5.9 to 6.1 (p < 0.05), percentage of perception answers increased significantly in 5 out of 10 items and percentage of correct answers increased significantly in 6 out of 10 items (p < 0.05). Three food habits improved, including, "having breakfast", "having diverse foods" and "having vegetables per meal" (p < 0.05). Two self-efficacy items improved significantly, including, "having meals slowly", "having exercise instead of watching TV or computer" (p < 0.05). These results suggest that health education program for elementary school children including nutritional education and physical exercise may be effective to improve their anthropometric characteristics, physical fitness, hyperlipidemia, nutrition knowledge, food habits and self-efficacy.
Child ; Cholesterol ; Exercise ; Food Habits ; Health Education ; Hemoglobins ; Humans ; Hypercholesterolemia ; Hyperlipidemias ; Meals ; Overweight ; Physical Fitness ; Program Evaluation ; Vegetables

Central core disease is a rare congenital myopathy characterized by the formation of cores that consist of abnormal arrangement of myofibrils inside the myofibers. We report a 5-year-old Korean girl who showed a fairly typical clinical course of non-progressive muscle weakness. Electrodiagnostic studies showed low-amplitude polyphasic electromyograph and normal nerve conduction velocity. Gastrocnemius muscle biopsy showed central cores in over 80% of the fibers on H&E section. Histochemistry revealed deficient or absent mitochondrial enzyme in the cores and type I predominance. Ultrastructurally both structured and non-structured cores were found separately or simultaneously in one fiber. This case is the first report in the Korean literature.
Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Microscopy, Electron ; Muscles/pathology/ultrastructure ; Muscular Diseases/*congenital/*pathology

BACKGROUNDS/AIMS: Early colorectal cancer is defined as carcinoma with invasion to mucosa or submucosa irrespective of involvement of lymph node. Gross morphology is divided into elevated and depressed type according to growth pattern. Until now, carcinomas with elevated type have been found more frequently than depressed type in Korea. It is necessary to classify the macroscopy of morphology and evaluate histo-pathologic findings of early colorectal cancers. METHODS: 33 patients (35 foci) with early colorectal cancers were analyzed, macroscopically and pathologically. Early colorectal carcinoma with mucosal invasion is 25 cases, and with submucosal invasion, 10. RESULTS: Macroscopic classification: Ip 12, Isp 6, Is 9, IIa 1, IIa IIc 4, Isp IIc 1, LST 2. Among them, Ip (34%) is most. Among cancers with mucosal invasion, Ip (36%) is common, and with submucosal invasion, Is (40%) is common. Most of early colorectal cancers with elevated type were accompanied with surrounding adenoma. It's ratio is 100% in early colorectal cancer with mucosal invasion, and 50% with submucosal invasion. CONCLUSIONS: Pedunculated type (Ip) is common in early colorectal cancer with elevated type. Surrounding adenoma was usually (85%) accompanied with those. It is suggested that early colorectal cancer with elevated type would be originated from adenoma.
Adenoma ; Classification* ; Colorectal Neoplasms* ; Humans ; Korea ; Lymph Nodes ; Mucous Membrane

A subgroup of patients with progressive degenerative dementia that begins with higher visual dysfunction has been referred to as posterior cortical atrophy (PCA). A 55-year-old woman presented with progressive visual disturbance for 4 years, which was followed by geographical disorientation, impairment of writing and calculation, and memory distur-bance. Neuropsychological deficits were characterized by Balint syndrome, visuospatial dysfunction, prosopagnosia, Gerstmann syndrome and apraxia. Brain MRI showed mild diffuse atrophy. F18-FDG-PET disclosed bilateral occipi-totemporoparietal hypometabolism, more pronounced on the right. Biopsy from right temporal lobe revealed neu-ropathological findings consistent with Alzheimer's disease.
Alzheimer Disease* ; Apraxias ; Atrophy* ; Biopsy ; Brain ; Dementia ; Female ; Gerstmann Syndrome ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Memory ; Middle Aged ; Prosopagnosia ; Temporal Lobe ; Writing

A subgroup of patients with progressive degenerative dementia that begins with higher visual dysfunction has been referred to as posterior cortical atrophy (PCA). A 55-year-old woman presented with progressive visual disturbance for 4 years, which was followed by geographical disorientation, impairment of writing and calculation, and memory distur-bance. Neuropsychological deficits were characterized by Balint syndrome, visuospatial dysfunction, prosopagnosia, Gerstmann syndrome and apraxia. Brain MRI showed mild diffuse atrophy. F18-FDG-PET disclosed bilateral occipi-totemporoparietal hypometabolism, more pronounced on the right. Biopsy from right temporal lobe revealed neu-ropathological findings consistent with Alzheimer's disease.
Alzheimer Disease* ; Apraxias ; Atrophy* ; Biopsy ; Brain ; Dementia ; Female ; Gerstmann Syndrome ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Memory ; Middle Aged ; Prosopagnosia ; Temporal Lobe ; Writing

Umbilical vein varix has diverse clinical features and an unpredictable course during the pregnancy and/or perinatal period. We report a rare case of isolated fetal varix of the intra-abdominal umbilical vein, which was associated with fetal cardiomegaly. After birth, the umbilical vein varix remained with continuous blood flow through the patent ductus venosus. In addition, persistent cardiomegaly was complicated with an atrial septal defect.
Cardiomegaly ; Heart Septal Defects, Atrial* ; Parturition ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Diagnosis ; Umbilical Veins* ; Varicose Veins*

Type 2 fiber predominance or a decrease of the type 1/type 2 ratio was rarely reported as the only abnormal pathologic finding in patients suffering from muscle cramp and myalgia. Here, we describe the clinicopathologic findings of three cases of type 2 fiber predominance, presented with muscle cramp and myalgia in otherwise healthy patients. All of them were young men (18, 19 and 22 years). Light microscopic and neurologic examinations, and laboratory data showed mere nonspecific findings that were not concordant with their subjective symptoms. However, enzyme histochemistry performed on muscle biopsy revealed an increased fraction of type 2 fibers; 73%, 80%, and 75%, in each case. The pathogenesis of this entity remains unclear, but the recognition of this unusual clinicopathologic entity is important for both pathologists and neurologists so they can avoid misdiagnoses or unnecessarily tiresome studies. We emphasize that type 2 fiber predominance should be included in the underlying causes of unexplained muscle cramps and exertional myalgia, especially among young adults, although it remains unclear whether the fiber type predominance is a separate entity or a part of other underlying neurologic or systemic disorders.
Biopsy ; Diagnostic Errors ; Humans ; Male ; Muscle Cramp* ; Myalgia* ; Neurologic Examination ; Young Adult