No abstract available.
Animals ; Foot* ; Foot-and-Mouth Disease* ; Hand* ; Paralysis*

PURPOSE: This study aims to investigate gender differences in the association between depressive symptoms and weight, weight perception, and body satisfaction among Korean adolescents. METHODS: A secondary data analysis was performed on data from 33,374 adolescents who participated in the 2015 Adolescent Health Behavior Online Survey. They were classified as underweight, normal weight, or overweight/obese; weight perception was classified into perception of being underweight, normal weight, or overweight/obese; and weight satisfaction into desire to gain weight, satisfied, and desire to lose weight. RESULTS: Among boys, perception of being underweight (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.20, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07~1.35) and desire to gain weight (AOR: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.30~1.62) were associated with depression. Among girls, perception of being overweight or obese (AOR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.07~1.29) and a desire to lose weight (AOR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.18~1.42) were associated with depression. CONCLUSION: Gender differences were observed in the association between weight perception and depression in adolescents. The perception of being underweight among boys and the perception of being overweight/overweight among girls were associated with depression. Thus, gender-specific intervention programs to correct weight perception and weight satisfaction are needed in order to relieve depressive symptoms in adolescents.
Adolescent Health ; Adolescent* ; Body Weight ; Depression* ; Female ; Humans ; Ideal Body Weight ; Odds Ratio ; Overweight ; Statistics as Topic ; Thinness ; Weight Perception*

PURPOSE: We evaluated the surgical outcomes and complications of new pediatric intraocular lens in congenital cataract. METHODS: A retrospective study was carried out on 29 eyes of 22 patients diagnosed with congenital cataract that underwent optic capture following lens emulsification. New pediatric intraocular lens (LJC 575A, Lucid Korea, Seoul, Korea) implantation into the bag was performed with posterior capsulorrhexis and anterior vitrectomy. RESULTS: After follow-up of 17.79+/-7.08 months, 15 eyes showed a visual acuity of 0.5 or above, and 10 (71.4%) of the 14 eyes showed a visual acuity of 20/470 or above. As for complications, posterior synechia developed in 8 eyes, exudative membrane was found in 3 eyes, iris capture by IOL haptic was found in 1 eye, and slight opacification of posterior capsule was identified in 1 eye. CONCLUSIONS: Use of new 8 mm pediatric intraocular lens in congenital cataract may be considered selectively.
Capsulorhexis ; Cataract* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Iris ; Korea ; Lenses, Intraocular* ; Membranes ; Retrospective Studies ; Seoul ; Visual Acuity ; Vitrectomy

This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of chewable toothbrush and manual toothbrush and provide basic data for recommendation of the chewable toothbrush in specific groups and situations. A total of 20 subjects participated in this study (rolling method, 10; non-rolling method, 10). After professional prophylaxis, participants used the manual toothbrush to brush their teeth for 3 minutes. After a 7-day wash-out period, participants used the chewable toothbrush according to the manufacturer's instructions. Pre- and post-plaque indexing of the teeth was performed. The dental plaque index was assessed using the Turesky Modification of the Quigley-Hein Plaque Index (TMQHPI) for amount of plaque and Silness-Löe Plaque Index (SLPI) for plaque thickness. The difference between pre- and post-dental plaque index was analyzed using a paired t-test and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The Mann-Whitney U test was also used to compare the dental plaque index reduction rates. The dental plaque index differed significantly between the chewable toothbrush and the manual toothbrush. The TMQHPI reduction rate was significantly different between the rolling and non-rolling method groups for the manual toothbrush but not the chewable toothbrush. The difference in SLPI reduction rate between the rolling and non-rolling method groups was significant for the manual toothbrush but not for the chewable toothbrush. Differences in the dental plaque index reduction rates between the chewable and manual toothbrushes were not significant in the non-rolling method group. The results of this study showed higher reduction rates in dental plaque with manual toothbrush use than with chewable toothbrush use. However, the non-rolling method group did not show statistically significant differences according to toothbrush type. The present study showed that a chewable toothbrush can be an alternative to a manual toothbrush for individuals who have difficulty using the generally recommended rolling method.
Abstracting and Indexing as Topic ; Dental Plaque Index ; Dental Plaque* ; Methods ; Pilot Projects* ; Tooth

PURPOSE: We evaluated the clinical results of unilateral implantation of AMO Array(r) intraocular lens in unilateral or bilateral cataract patients with minimum follow-up of 6 months. METHODS: This prospective study comprised two groups of 20 eyes each: one with AMO Array(r) intraocular lens(multi group) and the other with monofocal silicone intraocular lens(mono group). Main outcome measures were Snellen distance visual acuities; near acuities with Birkhauser reading chart. RESULTS: The difference between two groups in mean distance visual acuity was not statistically significant. Both monocular and binocular uncorrected near visual acuity in the multi group were significantly better than mono group. Four of 20 patients(20%) in monofocal group and 13 of 20 patients(65%) in multifocal group noticed light sensation(glare, halo etc.) after surgery, with the majority not being bothered by all of these. More than 90% patients were satisfied after surgery in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: With appropriate patient selection, near vision without spectacles was functionally acceptable in a majority of unilateral multifocal intraocular lens implantation cases. And, there was no significant problem in unilateral implantation of AMO Array intraocular lens. AMO Array lens can be used in unilateral cataract surgery.
Cataract ; Eyeglasses ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lens Implantation, Intraocular ; Lenses, Intraocular* ; Outcome Assessment (Health Care) ; Patient Selection ; Prospective Studies ; Silicones ; Telescopes ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level is the most valid marker of bone formation. Precocious puberty (PP) in girls is characterized by early growth acceleration. The aim of this study was to determine whether serum ALP levels differ between girls with PP and those with normal puberty, and whether ALP level varies with age or Tanner stage. METHODS: This retrospective study included girls with PP (n=61) and normal puberty (n=71) who visited the outpatient clinic at Department of Pediatrics, Chungnam National University Hospital from March 2010 to August 2011. We obtained age, height, parental height, weight, bone age, Tanner stage, and concentrations of luteinizing hormone, follicular-stimulating hormone, estradiol, ALP, and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) from the participants' medical records. RESULTS: Age and predicted adult height were significantly lower in girls with PP than in those with normal puberty. The height standard deviation score (SDS), weight SDS, body mass index, midparental height, bone age, and IGF-1 level were higher in girls with PP than in those with normal puberty. ALP level was significantly higher in 5- to 8-year-old girls with PP than in age-matched girls with normal puberty. The mean ALP levels were higher in girls with PP than bone age-matched girls with normal puberty (P=0.0003) CONCLUSION: Serum ALP level showed the significance differences between girls with PP and those with normal puberty. The reasons for and the mechanisms underlying this elevation in serum ALP level in girls with PP should be investigated further.
Acceleration ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Alkaline Phosphatase* ; Ambulatory Care Facilities ; Body Mass Index ; Child ; Estradiol ; Female* ; Humans ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I ; Luteinizing Hormone ; Medical Records ; Osteogenesis ; Parents ; Pediatrics ; Puberty* ; Puberty, Precocious* ; Retrospective Studies

No abstract available.
Dapsone*

We isolated Triton X-100 solubilized protein (TSP) antigen which may be preferentially associated with the cell wall of M. tuberculosis. In this study, the proliferative activities and cytokine mRNA expression patterns of the TSP antigen were investigated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and lymph node mononuclear cells (LNMCs) from 4 patients with tuberculous lymphadenitis. The results of the TSP antigen were compared with those of the PPD antigen, known as a major seretory protein antigen of M. tuberculosis. The peak proliferative response to the TSP by PBMCs was observed at 0.1 ug/ml, whereas that of LNMCs was at 1.0 ug/ml. All of the patients showed greater blastogenic responses for the PPD than those for the TSP. IFN-r, IL-2, and IL-2Ru mRNA production from PBMCs after stimulation with the TSP were greatly augmented after 48 hrs, whereas IL-4 and IL-10 mRNA were gradually suppressed. In addition, high levels of IL-12 p40 mRNA were detected by PBMCs to the TSP antigen at 3 hrs. Elevated IFN-r and IL-2 mRNA production were observed in freshly isolated LNMCs, whereas IL-4 mRNA production was undetectable in either freshly isolated or mycobacterial antigen-stimulated LNMCs. Furthermore, IL-10 mRNA expression from LNMCs was markedly increased by the PPD antigen, but it was considerably reduced by the TSP antigen after 18 hrs. These data suggest that the TSP antigen may be a strong inducer of cytokine mRNA such as IFN-r, IL-2, and IL-12 which are involved in Thl cell and macrophage activation, and inhibit IL-10 mRNA production in LNMCs. In conclusion, the TSP antigen can be used as a preferential Thl cell immunogen in tuberculous lymphadenitis.
Cell Wall ; Humans ; Interleukin-10 ; Interleukin-12 ; Interleukin-2 ; Interleukin-4 ; Lymph Nodes* ; Macrophage Activation ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis* ; Mycobacterium* ; Octoxynol ; RNA, Messenger* ; Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis, Lymph Node*

No abstract available.
Immunoglobulin A* ; Immunoglobulins*

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare changes in frictional resistance between the bracket and wire under dry and wet conditions according to a change in moment. METHODS: A stainless steel bracket of 0.022" x 0.028" slot, and 0.019" x 0.025" stainless steel, beta-titanium, and nickel-titanium wires were used. A 10 mm length lever was attached to the test (sliding) brackets to generate a moment. The experimental model was designed to allow tipping until contacts were established between the wire and the mesiodistal edges of the bracket slot. The moment was generated by suspending a 100 g or 200 g weight on the end of the lever. The moments applied were 1000 g.mm (100 g x 10 mm) and 2000 g.mm (200 g x 10 mm). The test brackets were ligated with elastomeric ligature for a constant ligation force and the fixed brackets were ligated with stainless steel ligature. Brackets were moved along the wire by means of an universal testing machine, and maximum frictional resistances were recorded. RESULTS: Stainless steel wire showed least frictional resistance and there was no significant difference between beta-titanium and nickel-titanium except at 2000 g.mm moment in wet conditions. Frictional resistance of all wires increased as the moment increased from 1000 g.mm to 2000 g.mm. Under wet conditions, the frictional resistance of stainless steel wires increased in both 1000 g.mm and 2000 g.mm moment conditions, but frictional resistance of nickel-titanium and beta-titanium increased only in 2000 g.mm conditions. CONCLUSION: These results indicated that various conditions influence on frictional resistance. Therefore, laboratory studies of frictional resistance should simulate clinical situation.
Elastomers ; Friction* ; Ligation ; Models, Theoretical ; Orthodontic Wires* ; Stainless Steel*