The purpose of this study was to develope and test the structural model for depression in middle-aged women. A hypothetical model was constructed on the basis of previous studies and a review of literatures. The conceptual framework was built around eight constructs. Exogenous variables included in this model were volunteer activity, health status & economic status. Endogenous variables were meaning of life, self-esteem, perceived life stress & depression. Empirical data for testing the hypothetical model was collected using a self-report questionnaire from 216 middle-aged women in Pusan City. The Data was collected from May to June, 1999. Reliability of the seven instruments tested with Cronbach's alpha was ranged from .86-.94. For the data analysis, SPSS 7.5 WIN Program and LISREL 8.12 WIN Program were used for descriptive statistics and covariance structural analysis. The results of covariance structure analysis were as follows: 1. The hypothetical model showed a good fit with the empirical data. [chi2/df =2.87(p=.72), GFI=1.00, AGFI=.98, RMSR=.025, NFI=.99, standardized residuals (-1.44~1.44) ]. 2. To heighten for the parsimony and fitness of the model, a modified model was constructed by deleting according to the criteria of statistical significance and meaning. 3. The modified model also showed a good fit with the data. [chi2 =5.26(01=7,p=.63), GFI=.99, AGFl=.97, RMSR=.025, NFI=.99, standardized reslduals (-1.50~1.45) ] Results of the testing of the hypothesis were as follows : 1. Self-esteem(beta42=-.48, t=-5.64) had a negative and perceived life stress(beta43 =.20, t=3.21)had a positive direct effect on depression. Meaning of life had a negative direct(beta41=-.17, t=-2.19) and a negative indirect effect through self- esteem on depression. Volunteer activity had a negative indirect effect through meaning of life, meaning of life and self-esteem on depression. Health status had a negative direct and a negative indirect effect through meaning of life, meaning of life and self-esteem on depression. Economic status had a negative indirect effect through perceived life stress on depression. Self-esteem was the most significant variable. 2. Volunteer activity(gamma11=.43, t=6.78) and health status(gamma12=.35, t=4.88) had positive direct effect on meaning of life. 3. Meaning of life(beta21=.50, t=6.53) had a positive direct effect on self-esteem. Volunteer activity had a positive indirect effect through meaning of life on self-esteem. Health status had a positive direct(gamma22=.18, t=2.23) and a indirect effect through meaning of life on self-esteem. Meaning of life was the most significant variable.
Busan ; Depression* ; Female ; Humans ; Models, Structural* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Statistics as Topic ; Stress, Psychological ; Volunteers

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Roxithromycin* ; Scrub Typhus*

Patients with AIDS frequently present with pulmonary complications which are associated with a high mortality rate and infections are the most important cause of lung infiltrates. In addition to pneumonia caused by Pneumocystis carinii, which was noted in early reports of the syndrome, a variety of other severe pulmonary disorders may occur. Frequently more than one organism is found in a single patient and among these, combined infections of Pneumocystis carinii and cytomegalovirus are the most common. We experienced a case of combined Pneumosytis carinii and Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection as a pulmonary manifestation of AIDS in a 38-year-old man. In bronchoalveolar larvage, bronchial washing and brushing, and sputum smear specimens, Pneumocystis carinii organisms were recognized, especially in Gomori's methenamine silver stains. Transbronchial lung biopsy specimen revealed intra-alveolar frothy exudates composed of collections of Pneumocystis carinii organisms as well as several granulomas with central caseous necroses.
Mortality ; Biopsy

The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of phase 1 cardiac rehabilitation nursing care on cardiac rehabilitation knowledge, anxiety, and self-care behavior in patients with acture myocardial infarction. The study design was composed of a nonequivalent control group non-synchronized design and a non-equivalent control group post-test design. The subjects of the study consisted of thirty-four acute myocardial infarction patients hospitalized at a university hospital in Taegu between February 16, 1998 and May 12, 1998. the 34 research subjects were assigned to experimental( 17 patients ) and control( 17 patients ) groups. The phase 1 cardiac rehabilitation nursing care was composed of cardiac rehabilitation education taken from a rehabilitation manual and booklet, and participating in a progressive exercise program. After discharge, a phone interview was conducted in order to encourage the self-care behavior. The modified Knowledge Scale developed by Rahe et al.(1975) and translated into Korean by Hwang(1986), and the modified Self-Care Scale of exercise and diet based on Hickey et al.(1992), were used for data collection. Analysis of data was done by use of Chi-square test, t-test, Repeated measure ANOVA, Simple Main Effect, and Time contrast. The results of this study are as follows : 1. The first hypothesis, "The experimental group which received the phase 1 cardiac rehabilitation nursing care will have a higher level of knowledge than the control group", was supported(F=24.07, p=.000). 3. The third hypothesis, "The experimental group which received the phase 1 cardiac rehabilitation nursing care will have higher self-care behavior scores than the control group", was supported( t=-15.49, p=.000 ). From the above results, it can be concluded that phase 1 cardiac rehabilitation nursing care is an effective nursing intervention knowledge, reducing anxiety, and improving self-care behavior in patients with acute myocardial infarction.
Anxiety* ; Daegu ; Data Collection ; Diet ; Education ; Humans ; Myocardial Infarction* ; Nursing ; Pamphlets ; Rehabilitation Nursing* ; Rehabilitation* ; Research Subjects ; Self Care*

This study is a descriptive survey conducted for the purpose of providing basic data to develop the effective nursing in interventions for Coronary Heart Disease patients. It was focused the relations between the type A behavior pattern and Health Locus of Control of them datd were collected through face-to-face interview with 55 CHD patients who were hospitalized at one of the general hospitals in Taegu city from May 11 to July 27, 1977. The instruments used for this studyy were the Jenkiness Activity Scale(Jenkins, 1979) and Health Locus of Control Scale(Wallstone & Wallston, 1978). Analysis of data was done by using of Person Correlation Coefficient, t-test, ANOVA, stepwise multiple regression and Cronbach with the SAS program. The results were as follows; 1. Total type A behavior pattern score was 67.2(total 88), job involvement /hard-driving subscale 35.9(total 47), sped subscale 12.8(total 16) and impatient subscale 19.09(total 25). The highest score of the type A pattern was the speed subscale 3.75 when it was transferred as a full mark 4. 2. When the total score of Health Locus of Control Scale of CHD was made 5, internal health locus control was the highest with 3.9, powerful others health locus control 3.6 and chance health locus control 3.0. 3. Women were significantly higher than men on total type A behavior pattern(p=.0453), job involvement/hard-driving subscale(p=.0492) and impatient subscale(p=.0460) according to general characteristics. Angina pectoris patients showed significantly higher than myocardial Infarction patients in total type A behavior pattern score(p=.0266), involvement/hard-driving subscale(p=.0365) and impatient subscale(p=.0185). 4. It was not significantly different for the Health Locus of Control Scale according to general characteristics. 5. Correlations between subscales of type A behavior pattern and subscales of Health Locus of Control showed that there were significantly positive correlation between internal health locus control and job-involvement/ hard-driving subscale(p=.0500), and between powerful others health locus control and important subscale(p=.0204). 6. The variances that can explain the causes of type A behavior pattern were systolic blood pressure 9%, quantity of smoking per day 9.6%, dyastolic blood pressure 8.6%, internal health locus control 6.2%, which accounted for 34.3% of the total variances. The following suggestions are made on the basis above results ; 1) The instrument that measures type A behavior pattern of CHD patient need to be modified and developed as an instrument that is applicable with Korea environment and easy to understand for subjects. 2) Replication of the research is need with nation wide samples. 3) Follow-up study for correlation between subscale of the type A behavior pattern and subscale of Health Locus of Control is needed. 4) Intervention program for CHD patients to reduce type A behavior pattern is to be developed.
Angina Pectoris ; Blood Pressure ; Coronary Disease* ; Daegu ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Internal-External Control* ; Korea ; Male ; Myocardial Infarction ; Nursing ; Smoke ; Smoking

No abstract available.
Trophoblasts*

No abstract available.
Epidemiology*

BACKGROUND: This study tested the efficacy of 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate for improving oral hygiene in intubated intensive care patients. METHODS: In a group of 57 ventilated patients, 29 received normal saline (NS) for oral hygiene, and 28 were treated with chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG). Data on oral bacterial colonization was collected for 11 months from October 2005 to August 2006. Tests of oral hygiene and oral microorganism culture were performed on the day of the ventilation, and repeated on days 4, 8, and 12. RESULTS: Oral hygiene was significantly improved in the CHG group compared to that in the NS group (P<.001). Further, all patients (100%) in the NS group tested positive for Staphylococcus aureus on the 12th day after the endotracheal intubation, whereas only 42.9% (P=0.026) of the CHG group were positive. The NS group also had higher isolation rates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa at 66.7% on the 8th day after intubation and 87.5% on the 12th day. At these same intervals, the CHG group had isolation rates of 29.4% (P=.028) and 14.3% (P=.010) respectively. CONCLUSION: The longer the period of endotracheal intubation, the more effective the 0.12% CHG treatment was for improved oral hygiene and reduction of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa colonization when compared to treatment with NS.
Chlorhexidine ; Colon ; Humans ; Critical Care ; Intensive Care Units ; Intubation ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Oral Hygiene ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; Sodium Chloride ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Ventilation

PURPOSE: The study was done to identify the perceived health status, depression, and activities of daily living(ADL+IADL) of elderly women and men, and to define the difference between the two groups. In addition this study investigated the relationships among the variables of perceived health status, depression, and activities of daily living of both groups. METHOD: The subjects of this study were 579 elderly people over 65 years living in urban area. Data was collected through personal interviews using questionnaires from March to October 2005. Data was analyzed with the SPSS program. RESULT: There was a significant difference of perceived health status, depression, and activities of daily living(ADL+IADL) between the elderly women and men groups. There was a significant relationship among variables of perceived health status, depression, and activities of daily living in elderly men. However, there was no significant relationship among the variables in elderly women. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study give useful information for constructing an intervention program and care for elderly women and men.
Activities of Daily Living* ; Aged* ; Depression* ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Surveys and Questionnaires

No abstract available.
Enterococcus*