PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to detect viral coproantigens in children who were hospitalized with acute diarrhea and to compare its association with clinical symptoms. METHODS: Seventy-four stool samples were collected from children admitted to Ewha Mokdong Hospital from March 1996 to December 1999. The samples were frozen and analyzed for rotavirus, adenovirus, enterovirus, astrovirus, and calicivirus by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) with monoclonal antibody. 53 stool samples were collected from patients with diarrhea (diarrheal group) and 21 stool samples from patients hospitalized for reasons other than diarrhea (control group). Clinical features and laboratory findings were reviewed in both groups. RESULTS: Among 74 stool samples, virus antigens were detected in 60 samples. Of the 60 virus-positive stool samples, 47 enterovirus, 26 rotavirus, 16 adenovirus, 11 astrovirus, and 11 calicivirus antigens were detected by EIA. Of the 60 virus-positive stool samples, 28 samples have one viral antigen, 30 samples have 2 or more viral antigens, and 2 samples showed a simultaneous infection of Salmonella group B and enterovirus. There was no relationship between the detected virus and clinical features. CONCLUSION: In this study, viral coproantigen and clinical symptoms were not associated. In the future, further larger scale studies are necessary.
Adenoviridae ; Antigens, Viral* ; Child ; Child, Hospitalized* ; Diarrhea ; Enterovirus ; Humans ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; Rotavirus ; Salmonella

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Aromatherapy, inhalhtion method using Clarysage essential oil on stress in middle-age women. The study design was a one-group pretest-posttest design. The subject were 44 middle-age women with stress in inhalation method of Clarysage essential oil was 2 drops of oil on tissue at 10, 14, 18, before bed for 2 weeks. The study was carried out from August 1 to September 20, 2002. The scale used in the study was the stress scale of Park, Sun Young(1999). The study data was analyzed by frepuency, percentage and t-test using SPSS Win 10.0 program. Result were as follows : 1.The score of physical stress scale was significantly decresed after use of inhalation of Clarysage essential oil. 2. The score of psychological stress scale was significantly decresed after use of inhalation of Clarysage essential oil. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that inlalation method using Clarysage essential oil is positively supported in stress reduction in middle-aged women.
Aromatherapy ; Female ; Humans ; Inhalation* ; Solar System ; Stress, Psychological

Cutaneous metastatic tumors on the scalp from the rectum are very A 66-year-old male presented a nodule and papule an his scalp three months after surgical removal of a rectal adenocarcinorna. Biopsy specien from the scalp showed adenocarcinoma which is similar to the primary rectal carcinoma.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Aged ; Biopsy ; Humans ; Male ; Rectum* ; Scalp*

Diffuse neonatal hemangiomatosis is a fatal disorder characterired by multiple cutaneous and visceral hemangiomas. The organs most commonly affected are the gastrointestinal tract, brain, liver and lung. The complications are high output cardiac failure, gastrointestinal bleeding and hydrocephalus. We present a patient with diHuse neonatal hemangiomatosis associated with massive hepatic involvement and high output cardiac failure, which was successfully treated with high dose corticosteroid.
Brain ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Heart Failure ; Hemangioma ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Liver ; Lung

Protozoa of the genus Cryptosporidium are small coccidian parasite known to infect the mucosal epithelium of a variety of animals including human, causing fatal course in immunodeficient patients as well as self-limited illness in healthy individuals. Various life cycle stages including trophozoite, meront, merozoite, gametocyte and oocyst in infected mucosa are a diagnostic feature. Electron microscopy (EM) provides sufficient findings for genus and species identification of this parasitic organism. The authors presented scanning and transmission EM findings of Cryptosporidium parvum infection in two children: one with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and the other without any evidence of immune compromise.
Animals ; Child ; Cryptosporidium parvum ; Cryptosporidium* ; Epithelium ; Humans* ; Intestines* ; Life Cycle Stages ; Merozoites ; Microscopy, Electron ; Mucous Membrane ; Oocysts ; Parasites ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; Trophozoites

No abstract available.
Pregnancy, Heterotopic*

PURPOSE: Recently, Geneticin (G418) were known to exert neuroprotective effects in the hypoxic-ischemic (H-I) brain injury, but the mechanism is still unclear. The roles of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and FGF receptor (FGFR) ware not well known in the H-I brain injury. We investigated the neuroprotective effects of systemically administrated Geneticin through the regulation of FGFR following the H-I brain injury METHODS: The cortical neuron cell culture of Spague-Dawley (SD) rat embryo brain (E18) was done in a hypoxic incubator. The cultured cells were divided three groups: a normoxia group, a hypoxia group, and an Geneticin-treated group. After verifying the desired amount of cellular injury in the hypoxia group, the Geneticin-treated group (after an H-I insult) was further divided into two groups. This produced four final groups: normoxia, hypoxia, and Geneticin-treated groups before H-I insult and a Geneticin-treated group after HI insult. The expression of FGFR-2 and FGFR-3 mRNA was measured using Northern blotting. RESULTS: The expression of FGFR-2 and FGFR-3 mRNA was notably increased in the hypoxic group compared to the normoxic group. In both Geneticin-treated groups before and after a hypoxic insult, the expression of FGFR-2 and FGFR-3 mRNA was decreased. CONCLUSION: It suggests that FGFR has an important role in hypoxic brain injury. Geneticin appears to exert a protective effect through down regulation of the expression of FGFR mRNA. However, more experiments are needed in order to demonstrate the usefulness of Geneticin as a preventative and rescue treatment for H-I brain injuries of neonatal brain.
Animals ; Anoxia ; Blotting, Northern ; Brain ; Brain Injuries ; Cell Culture Techniques* ; Cells, Cultured ; Down-Regulation ; Embryonic Structures ; Fibroblast Growth Factors* ; Fibroblasts* ; Incubators ; Neurons* ; Neuroprotective Agents ; Rats ; Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor* ; RNA, Messenger

No abstract available.
Coinfection* ; Female ; Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus* ; Herpes Zoster* ; Humans

It has been reported that ischernia causes changes in the concentration and tumover of monoamine neurotransmitters in brain. For the mechanism of cellular death in brain ischernia it is suggested that accumulation of intracellular calcium during ischemia is one of the main causes. Present study was undertaken to investigate the influence of ischemia on the contents and tumover of the biogenic anines in rat brain and further to investigate the effects of nimodipine, a calcium channel blocker, and cromakalim, a potassium channel opener, on them. Brain ischemia was induced by partial ligation of bilateral common carotid artery. Nimodipine (36 ,ug/kg, I.p.) or cromakalim (0.5mg/kg, I.p.) was administered 20 minutes before ligation. Nimodipine was administered every 4 hours in 24-hour ischemic group. Rats were sacrificed by decapitation 3 or 24 hours after induction of ischemia and whole brains were excised. The brain was divided into follow ing regions; cerebral cortex, corpus striatum, hippocampus, thalamus, hypothalamus, substantia nigra and cerebellum. The concentrations of biogenic amines and their metabolites were measured by high performance liquid chromatography-electrochemical detector (HPLC-ECD).
Animals ; Biogenic Amines* ; Brain Ischemia ; Brain* ; Calcium ; Calcium Channels ; Carotid Artery, Common ; Cerebellum ; Cerebral Cortex ; Corpus Striatum ; Cromakalim ; Decapitation ; Hippocampus ; Hypothalamus ; Ischemia ; Ligation ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; Nimodipine* ; Potassium Channels ; Rats* ; Substantia Nigra ; Thalamus

Insulinoma is a rare tumor, occurring more often in women and in the older age range. Eighty percent of patients have a single benign tumor, usually 2 cm in diameter, located with about equal frequency in body, head or tail of pancreas and amenable to surgical cure. About 10% have multiple tumors. The remaining 10% of patients have metastatic malignant insulinoma. The symptom of insulinoma is characterized by the periodic attack of hypoglycemia of blood sugar level below 50mg%, by fasting or exertion, and rapid relief of symptom by oral or intravenous administration of glucose. Symptom often lead to misdiagnosis as a neurologic or psychiatric disorder. A case described by authors was 44-year old female with the chief complaints of the loss of consciousness, epileptic seizure although she has been treated by anticonvulsants. Serum blood sugar and insulin level during fasting suggested insulinoma but abdominal computed tomography shows no definitive mass in pancreas. Celiac angiography revealed insulinoma. She transferred to the department of General Surgery and was performed enucleation. Microscopic findings shows the islet cell tumor of pancreas. A brief review of the literature was made.
Adenoma, Islet Cell ; Administration, Intravenous ; Angiography ; Anticonvulsants ; Blood Glucose ; Diagnostic Errors ; Epilepsy ; Fasting ; Female ; Glucose ; Head ; Humans ; Hypoglycemia ; Insulin ; Insulinoma* ; Pancreas ; Tail ; Unconsciousness