PURPOSE: This study was designed to analyze the correlation on body image, self-esteem and self-efficacy of Female Students in College. METHOD: The research population included convenience sample of 696 subjects composed of Female Students in College. Data collection was done from July, 2002 to October, 2002 using a written inquiry. The data were analyzed by using t-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient. RESULT: The results of this study were as follows: 1. The relationship among body image, self-esteem and self-efficacy were found to have statistically significant positive correlations. 2. The difference of body image, self-esteem and self-efficacy according to the characteristics in subjects were found to have statistically significancy of grade, age, personality and degree of adaptation. The difference of body image according to the monthly income of the family was found to be statistically significant. CONCLUSION: There is a significant correlation between grade, age, personality, and monthly income. Further study needs to be done to validate this study and develop degrees of adaptation to improve body image, self-esteem and self-efficacy.
Body Image* ; Data Collection ; Female* ; Humans

The purpose of this study is to seek the nursing intervention for the elderly people's positive lives by investigating the causes for their loss and its meanings. The method of this research derives from a phenomenological tool as a qualitative research design. The data collection had been performed from February, 2001 until August, 2001 through systematic interviews and participatory observations of six elderly people (4 elderly women and 2 elderly men) residing in downtown Seoul. It took one and a half hour for each interview arranged five times. The analysis of this research is based upon Giorgi method and the research results on the causes for elderly people's sense of loss and its meaning are as follows. 1) bitter disappointment of family members : unfaithful children, husband's infidelity, conflict with daughter-inlaw, economic hardships. 2) bereavement : loss of spouse or children, a sense of one's own mortality. 3) regret for the past : sorrowful things, unfair treatment, a sense of resentment, a sense of futility, a feeling of helplessness, despair, resignation. 4) unpleasant memories of others : hurt of self-esteem, hostile feelings aroused by betrayal or distrust. 5) grief of lost youth : loss of health, hard married life, unlucky fate. 6) sense of another superable life : regret, awareness, maturity through suffering. As a person ages, the number of deaths of close friends and family members usually increases. The occurrence of such multiple losses can cause the elderly to become overwhelmed by the events. Care givers need to be sensitive to these losses and need to be aware that the elderly can experience an overload of grief. Counselling can often be useful in helping them to come to terms with such multiple losses.
Adolescent ; Aged* ; Bereavement ; Caregivers ; Child ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Female ; Friends ; Grief ; Humans ; Medical Futility ; Mortality ; Nursing ; Qualitative Research ; Seoul ; Spouses

PURPOSE: This study sought to find a nursing intervention tool for enhancing elderly women's lives by investigating the causes and the meaning of their grief. METHOD: This research was derived from a phenomenological tool such as qualitative research design. The data collection took place from December of 2000 until April of 2001 Through systematic interviews and participatory observations of five elderly women attending C welfare center located in downtown Seoul the data was collected. Each interview lasted an hour and a half and was arranged five times. The analysis of this research was conducted using the Giorgi method. RESULTS: (1) There was obvious physical and physiological decline caused by aging old; as well as there being spouse health problems, additional physical suffering, signs of senility, adn insomnia, (2) Further grief was imposed by unpleasant memories of the spouse; infidelity, incapability, and even disregard of her own well-being, (3) Then there was pity for children; unfaithful children, uncertain futures of the children, and early death of a child, (4) Also, regrettable fate, painful daily acttrities, unreliable factors, bad circumstances, and feelings emptiness were reported, (5) Finally, anxiety for the future; ac sense of despair, loneliness, economic hardship, and the fear of imminent death increased grief levels. CONCLUSION: A variety of programs and social meetings for the elderly to overcome their physiological or psychological crisis should be substantially developed and supported by the government. In order to implement the social welfare for the elderly women, special consideration whether on the governmental level or the personal level, should be devoted to the elderly who live without any financial support or social concern.
Aged* ; Aging ; Anxiety ; Child ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Female ; Financial Support ; Grief* ; Humans ; Loneliness ; Nursing ; Qualitative Research ; Seoul ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders ; Social Welfare ; Spouses

The VATER syndrome is a group of congenital anomalies with a nonrandom tendency for concurrence. Defects include vertebral, anorectal malformation, tracheoesophageal fisutla with esophageal atresia, radial-limb, vascular, and renal abnormalities. The critical period of organogenesis is at or before the sixth or seventh week of gestation. We experienced one case of VATER syndrome in a 1 day old male neonate having vertebral anomalies, esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula to the distal esophageal segment, imperforated anus, left renal dysplasia with hydronephrosis of the right kidney and both hydroureter, patent ductus arteriosus. We report a case of VATER syndrome with brief review of related literature.
Anal Canal ; Critical Period (Psychology) ; Ductus Arteriosus, Patent ; Esophageal Atresia ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis ; Infant, Newborn ; Kidney ; Male ; Organogenesis ; Pregnancy ; Tracheoesophageal Fistula

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether twin discordancy is a risk factor for adverse perinatal and neonatal outcomes. METHODS: Three hundred and seventy-five twin gestations over 28 weeks of gestation were included in this retrospective study. Medical records of mothers and infants were reviewed. Pregnancies were divided into 2 groups according to the birth weight discordancy(%) between twin neonates(group I;less than 25%, group II;25% or more). Birth weight discordancy was calculated from following formula; (birth weight of larger twin-birth weight of smaller twin)/birth weight of larger twin x 100. Perinatal and neonatal outcomes in group I and II were compared with each other. Also, difference in the outcomes between the smaller and larger twins of group II was evaluated. To evaluate whether birth weight discordancy is an independent variable in predicting poor perinatal and neonatal outcomes, multiple logistic regression analysis was used. RESULTS: Thirty-seven gestations(9.9%) were documented to belong to group II. Group II showed significantly higher incidence of preeclampsia, placenta previa, and small for gestational age infants(p<0.01, p<0.05 and p<0.001, respectively). The group also showed higher incidence of adverse neonatal outcomes(admission to neonatal intensive care unit, respiratory distress syndrome, pneumonia, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, patent ductus arteriosus, intraventricular hemorrhage, retinopathy of prematurity, necrotizing enterocolitis, sepsis, congenital anomaly, neonatal death, p<0.01). Outcomes of the larger and smaller twins of group II were not significantly different with each other except small for gestational age infants(p<0.005). However, birth weight discordancy was not an independent variable in predicting adverse perinatal and neonatal outcomes. CONCLUSION: Fetal growth discordancy of 25% or more should be regarded as a risk factor for adverse perinatal and neonatal outcomes in twin gestations. However it is not an independent factor in predicting adverse perinatal and neonatal outcomes.
Birth Weight ; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ; Ductus Arteriosus, Patent ; Enterocolitis, Necrotizing ; Fetal Development* ; Gestational Age ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Intensive Care, Neonatal ; Logistic Models ; Medical Records ; Mothers ; Placenta Previa ; Pneumonia ; Pre-Eclampsia ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Twin ; Retinopathy of Prematurity ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors* ; Sepsis

No abstract available.
Fibromatosis, Gingival* ; Mandible*

No abstract available.
Fibromatosis, Gingival* ; Mandible*

To promote the adoption of healthier eating patterns, this study was aimed to develop and evaluate alternative front of pack nutrition signposting concepts. Based on previous research, we developed two signposting concepts, Multiple Traffic Light (MTL) and Multiple Traffic Light with % Daily Value (MTL-%DV). The signposts featured three key nutrients, total sugar, saturated fat, and sodium. Actual food packaging with no front of pack signposting (NoSP) was included in the evaluation to act as a benchmark against which to compare the performance of the different signposting options. Using an interviewer administered method, we assessed the degree of understanding and time to interpret on a total of 534 subjects (194 elementary, 108 middle, and 103 high schoolers, 128 adults). In the individual product evaluations, MTL (87.0%) obtained the highest level of correct responses, followed by MTL-%DV (83.1%) and NoSP (52.2%). Except for signposting concepts, age, gender and living area were not associated with the degree of correct responses in multivariate analyses. When used to compare products with different colors of nutrient contents, correct responses were more than 90% for MTL-%DV (91.5%) and MTL (90.3%). The middle and high schoolers revealed the lower likelihood of correct response compared to the other two groups. In case of comparing products with same colors of nutrient contents, the proportion of correct responses was the highest in NoSP (90%), followed by MTL%DV (77.4%) and MTL (48.5%). In terms of time to interpret, MTL-%DV and MTL performed better than NoSP in the individual product evaluation and the comparison of two products with different colors of nutrient contents. NoSP performed the best in the comparison of two products with same colors of nutrient contents. A majority of the participants preferred MTL-%DV (78%) most and thought it the most useful in helping them make healthier food choices. Based on these findings, MTL-%DV was considered to most closely meet the objectives of the initiatives.
Adoption ; Eating ; Food Labeling ; Food Packaging ; Light ; Multivariate Analysis ; Sodium

No abstract available.
Humans

No abstract available.
Adenoids* ; Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic* ; Salivary Glands*