No abstract available.
Bites, Human* ; Herpes Simplex* ; Humans ; Simplexvirus

No abstract available.
Neuroma*

BACKGROUND: Lichen striatus is an uncommon, self-limiting, linear inflammatory disease occurring along the lines of Blaschko, mainly affecting children, and is diagnosed by clinical history and histopathological study of typical lesions. However, various aspects of the histopathologic findings have not yet been studied sufficiently. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical and histopathologic characteristics of lichen striatus in Korea, according to age and clinical subtype. METHODS: This retrospective study on lichen striatus was performed at our center; clinical and histopathologic findings from 32 patients were evaluated. RESULTS: In all, 22 children and 10 adults were included. The lesions were predominantly distributed on the extremities (78.1%), including those that showed multiregional involvement. Twenty-four patients had erythematous papular lichen striatus (75%), and eight had hypopigmented macular type lesions (25%). All cases of hypopigmented macular subtypes had occurred in children. The histopathologic features of lichen striatus included basal vacuolar degeneration (93.3%), hyperkeratosis (83.3%), spongiosis (63.3%), and exocytosis of lymphocytes (63.3%) in the epidermis. Superficial and deep perivascular lymphocytic inflammatory infiltration (96.7%), lichenoid lymphohistiocytic infiltration (76.7%), and periappendageal involvement (53.3%) in the dermis were also observed. Papular lesions showed greater spongiosis, exocytosis, dyskeratosis, and vacuolar degeneration than hypopigmented lesions. Increased dyskeratosis and pigmentary incontinence as well as more severe lichenoid infiltration were observed in the adults. CONCLUSION: This study provides the first national data about the clinical and histopathologic characteristics of lichen striatus in adults and children. Some of the clinical and histopathologic characteristics differed according to the age group as well as clinical subtype.
Adult ; Child ; Dermis ; Epidermis ; Exocytosis ; Extremities ; Humans ; Korea ; Lichens* ; Lymphocytes ; Retrospective Studies

No abstract available.

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the complaint rates of musculoskeletal symptoms and investigated the related factors of musculoskeletal symptoms in the caddies. METHODS: For 316 caddies working at 6 regular golf courses, we used the self-recording questionnaires to examine general characteristics, job stress factors, subjective musculoskeletal symptoms designed by NIOSH, working environments, and working contents. RESULTS: The complaint rates of musculoskeletal symptoms according to the musculoskeletal criteria of NIOSH were 41.8% in the leg/knee/ankle/foot, 35.8% in the shoulder, 35.8% in the upper back/lower back, 28.8% in the neck, and 28.5% in the arm/wrist/fingers. Important factors affecting musculoskeletal symptoms were daily working hours during the high-demand season in all anatomical sites except the arm/wrist/fingers. Other related factors were degrees of winding and inclined in the golf courses, violent language and violence of customers, inability to regulate the velocity and work load control, heavy physical burden, instability of employment, and possibility of unemployment according to the specialty of caddies. As a results of multivariate logistic regression analysis, musculoskeletal symptoms of the neck, shoulders, back/lower back and leg/knee/ankle/foot were significantly influenced by working time over 12 hours in the high-demand season, and symptoms of the arm/wrist/fingers by low decision latitude (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The complaint rates of musculoskeletal symptoms in the caddies were affected by working time over 12 hours and low decision latitude against excessively high psychological job demand.
Employment ; Golf* ; Logistic Models ; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) ; Neck ; Questionnaires ; Seasons ; Shoulder ; Unemployment ; Violence ; Wind

OBJECTIVES: Very early-onset schizophrenia (VEOS) is a type of psychosis having a low frequency, insidious onset, and devastating clinical outcome. In this study, the demographic features, information on medication, clinical outcomes, and intellectual capability of patients diagnosed with VEOS in a hospital were analyzed to provide therapeutic strategies for this type of schizophrenia. METHODS: Using the electronic medical records of the National Center for Mental Health, 69 patients with VEOS were identified based on the DSM-5 criteria of schizophrenia. The data were summarized and analyzed according to the demographic characteristics, medications used, intellectual strength measured by the full intelligence quotient (FIQ) score, and current clinical status measured by the Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) and various combinations of these parameters. RESULTS: The screened study group contained similar numbers of males and females. The younger the onset of psychosis, the lower the frequency. The study population included a significantly higher proportion of births in the winter season than that of the general population. The 3 most frequently used antipsychotic medications were risperidone and its derivatives, clozapine and olanzapine. Valproic acid and divalproex sodium were the most commonly added drugs for outcome augmentation. 53.5% of the study population had received benzodiazepines and/or hypnotics. The average FIQ of the study population was 69.4, which is quite low compared to previous Korean studies with similar populations. There was a weak negative correlation between FIQ and CGI-S, but it was not statistically significant. The average CGI-S score was 4.2, which meant that the patients were moderately ill. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that patients with VEOS showed more frequent intellectual deficits at baseline and poorer outcomes than the control group. Risperidone, clozapine, valproic acid and their combinations were the most preferred medications for the treatment of psychosis. Benzodiazepines were quite commonly added for various reasons.
Antipsychotic Agents ; Benzodiazepines ; Clozapine ; Electronic Health Records ; Female ; Humans ; Hypnotics and Sedatives ; Intelligence ; Male ; Mental Health ; Parturition ; Psychotic Disorders ; Risperidone ; Schizophrenia* ; Seasons ; Treatment Outcome* ; Valproic Acid

Breast cancers that present with mucin include mucinous carcinoma and carcinoma with signet ring cell differentiation. The former shows extracellular mucin and the latter shows abundant intracellular mucin. Here, we report a case of breast cancer showing both extracellular mucin and extensive signet ring cell differentiation due to abundant intracellular mucin. Unlike mucinous carcinoma, this case had the features of high-grade nuclear pleomorphism, high mitotic index, estrogen receptor negativity, progesterone receptor negativity, human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 positivity, and ductal type with positivity for E-cadherin. In a case with signet ring cell differentiation, differential diagnosis with metastatic signet ring cell carcinoma of the stomach and colon is essential. In this case, the presence of accompanied ductal carcinoma in situ component and mammaglobin and gross cystic disease fluid protein-15 positivity were findings that suggested the breast as the origin.

No abstract available.
Gastroschisis*

BACKGROUND: Magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) is widely used in the treatment of preeclamptic Hyperreflexia. Eclamptic convulsions are almost always prevented by MgSO4 in plasma concentrations of 4 to 7 mEq/L. It is well known that MgSO4 enhances the effect of nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockade. But the onset time of rocuronium is not shortened by MgSO4. METHODS: The effect of magnesium on the onset time of rocuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade was investigated in vitro rat phrenic nerve-hemidiaphragm preparation. The phrenic nerve-hemidiaphragm was dissected and suspended in an organ bath containing modified Krebs' solution and produced single twitch responses under 0.2 ms, 0.1 Hz, electrical stimulation. We added rocuronium until the twitch height decreased more than 95% of the initial level and determined a dose in 95% decrease twitch height as an effective concentration (EC95). After the administration of MgSO4, the onset time of neuromuscular blockade by rocuronium 1 x EC95, 1.5 x EC95, 2 x EC95 was compared with the onset time without MgSO4. RESULTS: EC50 and EC95 of rocuronium was 0.178 and 1.10 mg/dl. After administration of MgSO4, the concentration of Mg2 in the organ bath was 4.38 mEq/L. The onset time of the neuromuscular blockade by 1 x EC95 rocuronium was significantly shortened, but in the case of over 1.5 x EC95, it was not influenced by MgSO4. CONCLUSIONS: The concentration of Mg2 was within the therapeutic range for inhibition of uterine contraction. The onset time of rocuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade was shortened by magnesium but because a high dose of rocuronium was administered for intubation due to low potency and high plasma concentration, the effect of magnesium on the onset time of rocuronium seems to be masked. Therefore clinically, the onset time of rocuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade was not shortened by MgSO4.
Animals ; Baths ; Electric Stimulation ; Intubation ; Magnesium ; Magnesium Sulfate ; Masks ; Neuromuscular Blockade* ; Plasma ; Rats* ; Reflex, Abnormal ; Seizures ; Uterine Contraction

Non-Langerhans cell histiocytoses are classified according to the predominant mononuclear (vacuolated, spindle-shaped, xanthomatized, scalloped, and oncocytic) and/or multinucleate (Touton, ground-glass appearance, Langhans, and foreign body) histiocytic cell types. Spindle-shaped histiocytes are evident in spindle cell xanthogranuloma and progressive nodular histiocytosis. Clinically, a single brown-yellow papule or nodule is characteristic of solitary spindle cell xanthogranuloma. Solitary spindle cell xanthogranuloma occurs with decreasing frequency on the head, neck, upper trunk, and occasionally the extremities of young adults (20~40 years of age). Although there have been a few reports of spindle cell xanthogranuloma, there has only been one case of spindle cell xanthogranuloma described in the Korean literature. We report a rare case of solitary spindle cell xanthogranuloma that developed in childhood and suggest this be included in the differential diagnosis among spindle cell tumors.
Child ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Extremities ; Head ; Histiocytes ; Histiocytosis ; Humans ; Neck ; Pectinidae ; Young Adult