Doppler echocardiography was performed to evaluate the tricuspid regurgitation in 786 infants and children with heart disease. 3 Doppler methods were used. : The duration of systolic turbulence of tricuspid regurgitation in thr right atrium was evaluated by continuous wave Doppler method, the distance of systolic turbulence within right atrium from the tricuspid plane, by pulsed Doppler method and the retrograde systolic hepatic vein regurgitation, by color Doppler method. The following results were obtained. 1) Incidence of pan systolic tricuspid regurgitation in each disease were as follows. 68% of ECD, 66% of Ebstein's anomaly, 54% of pulmonary atresia, 50% of arrhythmia, 45% of ASD, 38% of TAPVR, 15% of VSD, 26% of TOF, 12% of PDA, 13% of normal children. 2) In about 90% of children with tricuspid regurgitation, hepatic vein regurgitation was detected by color Doppler echocardiography.
Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Child* ; Ebstein Anomaly ; Echocardiography, Doppler ; Echocardiography, Doppler, Color ; Heart Atria ; Heart Diseases* ; Heart* ; Hepatic Veins ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant* ; Pulmonary Atresia ; Scimitar Syndrome ; Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency*

We report 2 cases of pediatric DNTs which presented with intractable seizures and no other associated neurologic abnormalities. They showed typical appearance of DNTs on neuroimaging and histopathology. Most patients with DNT can be cured by surgical treatment with exellent outcome and do not need ratio- or chemotheraphy. This study indicates that it is quite important to consider DNTs as one of differential diagnoses in patients with intractable seizures especially when they present only with seizures without other neurologic symptoms.
Child* ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Neoplasms, Neuroepithelial* ; Neuroimaging ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Seizures*

Little objective information is avilable on the influence of occlusive dressings on the healing of cutaneous partial skin defect wounds. Our purpose was to examine the effects of occlusive dressing by using the synthetic dressing mateial, PolyMem in the management of 2nd degree burn wounds and donor sites of split thicknes skin graft and partial-thickness wounds in rabbits. New Zealand white rabbits, 12 to 14 weeks of age, were divided into 2 groups. Two partial thickness skin wounds measuring approximately 40x30 mm were induced using a scalpel on the back of each anesthetized animal. They were designated as group I (dressing with conventional method, n=15), group II (dressing with PolyMen, n=15). Each treated wound was individually covered with the assigned dressing immediately after wounding. Wound were examined and measured at 10 days to determine the extent of healing. By day 10, the PolyMem dressed wounds were approximately 67% healed, while all vaseline gauze dressed wounds were about 50% healed. Standardized 20 mm full-thickness biopsy wounds were treated for 10 days. Section of PolyMem group at POD 10 days showed complete epidermal regeneration above fibrotic dermis (H&E, x40). Section of conventional group at POD 10 days showed marginal epidermal regeneration (H&E, x40). 72 patients (44 patients with 2nd degree burn and 28 patients with skin graft donor sites) were divided into four groups. They were designated as group I (Burn patients with PolyMem, n=24), group II (Burn patients with conventional methods, n=24), group III (S.T.S.G. patients with PolyMem, n=14), group IV (S.T.S.G. patients with conventional methods, n=14). We investigated wound site pain, healing time, comfort and numbers of dressing change. As compared with the control group, the PolyMem dressed group had less pain, more rapid healing time, more comfort, less frequent dressing changes. From these results, we concluded that the occlusive dressing with PolyMem was an effective alternative to the conventional gauze dressig on the wound healing. Our results suggest tat PolyMem is one of the ideal dressing materials.
Animals ; Bandages ; Biopsy ; Burns ; Dermis ; Humans ; Occlusive Dressings ; Petrolatum ; Pheniramine ; Rabbits ; Regeneration ; Skin ; Tissue Donors ; Transplants ; Wound Healing* ; Wounds and Injuries*

Paragonimiasis is prevalent in Far East and a kind of endemic Korean disases. The primary site of humanparagonimiasis is the lung, but hte ectopic infection of lung fluke has been reported by many authors. Weexperienced one case of abdominal paragonimiasis in a 44 year old male with a complaint of left lowerquadrantpain. Physical examination, barium enema, and other data suggested the possibility of tumor originating from thewall of descending colon. (intramural tumor). Postoperative specimen taken from the solid tumorous lesion showedparasitic granuloma, characteristic of Paragonimus Westermani. Here, we report a case of very peculiar ectopicparagonimaisis involved descending colon wall simulating neoplastic tumor, and also review the literaturesbriefly.
Barium ; Colon ; Colon, Descending ; Enema ; Far East ; Granuloma ; Humans ; Lung ; Male ; Mesocolon ; Paragonimiasis ; Paragonimus westermani ; Physical Examination ; Trematoda

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the important factors affecting survival and pregnancy rate in frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles. METHODS: we performed reprospective analysis in 738 cycles of frozen-thawed embryo transfers, in relation to the insemination methods, the freezing stage of embryo, patient's age, infertility factors and the origin of injected sperm in ICSI cycles. After conventional IVF or ICSI, the supernumerary PN stage zygotes or multicellular embryos were cryopreserved by slow freezing protocol with 1,2-propandiol (PROH) as a cryoprotectant. RESULTS: The survival rates of thawed embryos were 69.3% (1585/2287) in conventional IVF group and 71.7&% (1645/2295) in ICSI group. After frozen-thawed embryo transfers, 27.0% (92/341) and 32.0% (109/341) of pregnancy rates were achieved in conventional IVF and ICSI group, respectively. There were no significant difference in the survival and pregnancy rates according to the insemination methods, the freezing stage and patient's age. However, the pregnancy rate (36.2%) of male factor infertility (22.9%). In ICSI group, the origin of injected sperm did not affect the outcome of frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles. CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrates that acceptable clinical outcomes can be achieved after the transfer of frozen-thawed embryos regardless of the stage of embryos for freezing, the patient's age and the origin of injected sperm.
Embryo Transfer* ; Embryonic Structures* ; Freezing ; Humans ; Infertility ; Insemination ; Male ; Pregnancy Rate* ; Pregnancy* ; Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic ; Spermatozoa ; Survival Rate ; Zygote

Intravascular injection of hydrogen peroxide produces oxygen microbubbles suitable for echocardiographic contrast enhancement. To evaluate the effect of a method of myocardial contrast 2-D-echocardiographic delineation of myocardium during acute coronary occlusion, injection of a fresh mixture of 2ml of 0.2% H2O2 and 1ml of heparinized dog blood into aortic root were made in 12 poenchest dogs 10 minutes after occlusion of left anterior descending coronary artery distal to the first diagonal branch and left ventricular short axis 2-D echocardiographic images at the midpapillary muscle level were obtained. On injection of H2O2 blood mixture normally perfused myocardium was enhanced in echodensity but the area of malperfusion did not change in echodensity. The borderlines between the area of normal perfusion and malperfusion was well delineated. The malperfused area measured at mid papillary muscle level by planimetry area method was 29.7+/-6.0% and 32.6+/-6.7% by endocardial circumferential length method. There was a linear correlation between planimetric estimate of area of malperfusion by H2O2 contrast echocardiography and visual determination of regional wall motion abnormality by 2-D echocardiography(r=0.93, P<0.001). There was no change in heart rate before, during and after H2O2 injection. Infection of H2O2 blood mixture caused bradycardia(8.3%), second degree A-V block(16.6%) and ventricular fibrillation(8.3%). H2O2 clearance was achieved in 3-10 minutes. These findigs suggest that H2O2 enhanced myocardial contrast ehocargiography using 2ml of 0.2% H2O2 and 1ml of blood muxture is an accurate, reproducible, real-time in vivo method of quantifying the extent of myocardial perfusion defect during acute coronary occlusion in dog.
Animals ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Coronary Occlusion ; Coronary Vessels ; Dogs* ; Echocardiography* ; Heart Rate ; Heparin ; Hydrogen Peroxide* ; Hydrogen* ; Microbubbles ; Myocardium ; Oxygen ; Papillary Muscles ; Perfusion*

Lovastatin(Mevacor) belongs to a new generation of potent drugs for the treatment of hypercho- lesterolemia. It acts by competitive inhibition of 3-hydroxyl-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A(HMG-CoA) reductase, diminishing in that way the cholesterol synthesis in the liver. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors also affect cutaneous lipid content. This can induce cutaneous side effects such as eczernatous rashes or xerotic, ichthyosiform lesions due to abnormality in the barrier function in some patients. We report a 54-year-old male patient who developed ichthyosiform skin lesions under treatment with lovastatin(Mevacor) for hypercholesterolemia.
Cholesterol ; Exanthema ; Humans ; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors ; Hypercholesterolemia ; Liver ; Lovastatin ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Oxidoreductases ; Skin*

Stomach of 34 year old man showed an early stage of the cancer with slight involvement of the superficial part of the inner muscle layer and accompanied with one metastatic lymph node. The cancer is that of medium differentiated adenocarcinoma. There is an heavy infiltration of lymphocytes mixed with histiocytic mononuclear cells and multinucleated giant cells. Some giant cells appear as Langhans' type suggesting phagocytic cells of their origin containing PAS positive materials in the cytoplasma. In other places, they appear as atrophic cancer nests suggesting that these tumor nests were arrested and undergone to regressive cellular process because of the over-whelming immunological pressure by the host.
Male ; Humans ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Stomach Neoplasms

PURPOSE: This study was done to identify menstrual discomfort and dietary habits, and factors related to the menstrual discomforts. METHOD: Participants were 320 female middle school students in G city. The Menstrual Discomfort Questionaire(MDQ) and dietary habit lists were used as tools. RESULTS: Factors related to MDQ were found to be the VAS scores (r=.361, p=.002), a mount of menstrual bleeding (r=.131, p=.019), height (r=.134, p=.016), adequacy of meal time (t=7.19, p=.008), consumption of milk & milk products (F=3.20, p=.042) and, hot, salty & irritant foods (F=8.01, p=.000), eating more than 3 kinds of side-dishes with each meal (F=8.32, p=.000), and various protein foods (F=5.15, p=.006). In stepwise regression, 4 variables (VAS scores, height, hot, salty & irritant foods, more than 3 kinds of side-dishes with each meal) explained 20.3% of the variance in the total MDQ scores. CONCLUSION: Reduction of hot, salty & irritant foods and having more than 3 side-dishes with each meal would be effective in menstrual discomfort management. As well, good and, balanced dietary habits should be encouraged for early adolescent girls. To keep up with the ideal dietary habits, nutritional education & counseling should be continued. In a further study, a replication study with larger samples and more specified nutritional assessment are recommended.
Adolescent* ; Counseling ; Eating ; Education ; Female ; Food Habits* ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Meals ; Milk ; Nutrition Assessment ; Child Health

PURPOSE: This survey was done to describe parenting self-efficacy and beliefs in corporal punishment as they are related to child abuse. Also demographic variables that influence child abuse were investigated. METHOD: A cross-sectional study was conducted during the second week of April 2002. The 160 participants were parents of students in five elementary schools in the J area of Korea. They replied to a structured questionnaire, and 129 replies were included in the final analysis. The WIN SPSS program was used for the analysis. RESULT: Parenting self-efficacy, beliefs in corporal punishment and child abuse showed no significant differences according to gender of the children. Child abuse by parents has significantly negative correlation with parenting self-efficacy (r=-.369, p=.000), socioeconomic states of family(r=-.290, p=.001), educational level of mother(r=-.211, p=.027), educational level of father(r=-.342, p=.000), parent's age(r=-.200, p=.028). Stepwise multiple regression showed that parenting self-efficacy and beliefs in corporal punishment significantly influence child abuse in Korean parents. CONCLUSION: As parenting self-efficacy explained 49.7% of child abuse, it is the most important variable for preventing child abuse. Belief in corporal punishment was the second most important variable in preventing child abuse. These two variables explained 53.3% of variance in child abuse by parents.
Child Abuse ; Child* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Humans ; Korea* ; Parenting* ; Parents* ; Punishment* ; Child Health ; Surveys and Questionnaires