During the past two decades, silicone (polydimethylsiloxane) has become one of the most extensively applied biomaterials. Although pure silicone is relatively inert and usually causes only minimal tissue reactions, it has been reported to evoke a definite foreign body reaction. We studied five cases of silicone-induced granulomas in various sites; two in the breast, one in the breast and axillary lymph nodes, one in the subcutis of the abdomen, back and extremities and one in the eyeball, to illustrate the salient histopathologic features of reactions to silicone with particular emphasis to its differences from paraffin granuloma. For this, 17 paraffinomas were also studied. Tissue reaction to silicone liquid and gel was characterized by numerous round to oval empty cystic vacuoles, mild to moderate fat necrosis, foreign body reaction, a variable degree of mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltration and mild focal fibrosis. The cystic spaces were relatively uniform and showed a snow-man like appearance. In contrast to the silicone granulomas, the paraffinomas, also refered to as sclerosing lipogranulomas showed diffuse sclerosis and frequent calcification around the cystic vacuoles. The cystic spaces in paraffinomas were swiss cheese-like configuration, and the content of the cystic spaces was dirty and frequently calcified. However, there were certain similarities between these two types of granulomas particularly in the early phases of the reaction, therefore, the history of silicone injection or implant, is sometimes critical to the diagnosis of silicone granuloma. Despite great technologic advances in the manufacturing of prostheses and medical equipment, droplets and/or particles of silicone still escape into the body tissues in a variety of ways; therefores, the pathologist should always wonder whether the histologic reaction observed is due to silicone or to some other foreign material including paraffin.

Fine needle aspiration cytology of three cases of pulmonary hamartoma is presented. Case 1 was in a 67-year-old man with a 7 cm-sized left lung mass. Case 2 and 3 were in 47 and 53 year old females and consisted of 3 cm and 2 cm-sized right lung nodules, respectively. Fine needle aspiration of the masses revealed several fragments of irregularly shaped mature hyaline cartilage or fibromyxoid mesenchyme and sheets of benign epithelial cells in scanty to acellular background. Also scattered were inflammatory cells including lymphocytes, neutrophils and histiocytes and mature fat cells. These features were diagnostic for pulmonary hamartoma and case 1 was histologically confirmed by following surgical excision of the mass. Differential diagnoses about pulmonary hamartoma in the respect of conditions capable of producing cartilage on fine needle aspiration, were discussed.
Female ; Male ; Humans ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Hamartoma

Newborn infants, including premature infants, are high-risk patients susceptible to various microorganisms. Catheter-related bloodstream infections are the most common type of nosocomial infections in this population. Regular education and training of medical staffs are most important as a preventive strategy for central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs). Bundle approaches and the use of checklists during the insertion and maintenance of central catheters are effective measures to reduce the incidence of CLABSIs. Chlorhexidine, commonly used as a skin disinfectant before catheter insertion and dressing replacement, is not approved for infants <2 months of age, but is usually used in many neonatal intensive care units due to the lack of alternatives. Chlorhexidine-impregnated dressing and bathing, recommended for adults, cannot be applied to newborns. Appropriate replacement intervals for dressing and administration sets are similar to those recommended for adults. Umbilical catheters should not be used longer than 5 days for the umbilical arterial catheter and 14 days for the umbilical venous catheter. It is most important to regularly educate, train and give feedback to the medical staffs about the various preventive measures required at each stage from before insertion to removal of the catheter. Continuous efforts are needed to develop effective and safe infection control strategies for neonates and young infants.
Adult ; Bacteremia ; Bandages ; Baths ; Catheters ; Central Venous Catheters ; Checklist ; Chlorhexidine ; Cross Infection ; Education ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Infection Control ; Intensive Care Units ; Intensive Care Units, Neonatal ; Medical Staff ; Skin

A 33-year-old-woman with twin pregnancy underwent genetic amniocentesis in our hospital at 16 weeks of gestation. Fetal chromosomal analysis showed 46,XY,inv(9) and 47,XX,+21. The affected twin was terminated by ultrasonographically guided intracardiac injection of 3 ml potassium chloride solution at 19 weeks of gestation. A healthy 2570 g male infant was born by cesarean section with Apgar scores of 8 and 9 at one and five minutes, respectively.
Amniocentesis ; Cesarean Section ; Down Syndrome* ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Potassium Chloride ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, Second* ; Pregnancy* ; Pregnancy, Twin ; Twins, Dizygotic*

No abstract available.

BACKGROUD: Body weight is a well known factor of bone density. However, studies for correlation between body fat, lean body mass and bone density are inconsistent in premenopausal women. We reviewed the relations of body weight, body mass index (BMI) , body fat, body fat percent, fat free mass and spinal bone density. METHODS: We collected data of healthy young women of 20-39 years old who visited a health promotion center of a general hospital from March to August, 2000, and examined the correlation of body weight, BMI, body fat, body fat percent, fat free mass and spinal bone density. RESULTS: The total number of observation was 309, the average age was 34+/-4 year old, the average body weight was 55.4+/- 7.7kg, the height was 158+/-5 cm, the BMI was 22.05+/-2.80 kg/m2, the body fat percent was 25.5+/-5.3%, and the spinal bone density was 1.007+/-0.1106g/cm2,. The incidence of normal bone density, osteopenia, osteoporosis of spine was 45.5%, 54.5%, 0%,respectively,in the low body weight group,72.6%,26.8%,0.5%, respectively, in the normal weight group, and 90.9%,9.1%,0%, respectively, in the obese group. In linear regression analysis, the spinal bone density correlated with age, height,weight, BMI, body fat, and fat free mass. In stepwise multiful regression analysis, the fat free mass was a significant factor (R2 =0.065(P<0.001) ) of the spinal bone density. CONCLUSIONS: The spinal bone density was correlated with age, height, body weight, BMI, fat mass, and fat free mass. The multiple regression analysis suggested that only fat free mass was significantly correlated with spinal bone density.
Adipose Tissue ; Body Composition* ; Body Height ; Body Mass Index ; Body Weight ; Bone Density* ; Bone Diseases, Metabolic ; Female ; Health Promotion ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Incidence ; Linear Models ; Osteoporosis ; Spine

Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) lymphadenitis is the most common complication of BCG vaccination. It commonly occurs in infants aged <6 months involving ipsilateral axillary lymph nodes. We described BCG lymphadenitis in a 22-month-old boy presenting swelling of left supraclavicular lymph node that was confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the multiplex PCR targeting the region of difference (RD).
Humans ; Infant ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphadenitis* ; Male ; Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Mycobacterium bovis* ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Vaccination*

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Meningitis* ; Plasma*

This study was performed to investigate the effects of taste preference on dietary behavior and nutrient intake. The subjects were 191 female collegians in the Gyeonggi and Gangwon areas. Data were collected using anthropometric measurements, 24-hour recall, and self-administered questionnaires. The respondents were classified into sub-groups according to taste preference: sweet taste (liked and disliked group), salty taste (liked and disliked group), sour taste (liked and disliked group), hot taste (liked and disliked group), and bitter taste (liked and disliked group). The results of this study are as follows: subjects liked, in order of taste preference, hot>sweet>sour>salty>bitter tastes. There were no significant differences in height, weight, and BMI among the groups. The sweet-taste-liked group, tended to prefer Chinese food and fast foods for eating out over the sweet-taste-disliked group (p<0.05). Subjects in the salty-taste-liked group ate faster (p<0.05) and more than those in the salty-taste-disliked group (p<0.05). They also consumed more animal fat and meat (p<0.05) than their counterparts. Compared with the sour-taste-disliked group, subjects in the sour-taste-liked group tended to select Korean food or Japanese-style food for eating out, and fruits for a snack (p<0.05). The meal size of the hot-taste-liked group tended to be more regular (p<0.05) than that in the hot-taste-disliked group. Overall, there were distinct differences in dietary behavior and food choices according to taste preference. Taste preference should be considered for dietary consulting and nutritional education.
Animals ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Eating ; Fast Foods ; Female ; Fruit ; Humans ; Meals ; Meat ; Snacks

BACKGROUND: Osteoporosis is an important health concern among the postmenopausal women. Therefore, it is necessary to find out acceptable screening tools for osteoporotic patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the Risk Index by OSTA as a screening test for osteoporosis. METHODS: The study population was 322 naturally caused menopausal women in Korea. Their was of femoral neck and lumbar spine BMD measured by DEXA. Risk Index by OSTA, based on weight and age, was calculated and the sensitivity and specificity for osteoporosis and osteopenia were evaluated. To find out the proper cut-off point for osteoporosis and osteopenia among the postmenopausal women in Korea, we also compared the sensitivity and specificity of each Risk Index value. RESULTS: The mean age and ages at menopause were 59.1(+/-6.2) and 50.7 (+/-2.7) years, respectively. The prevalence of osteoporosis was 9.6% with femoral neck BMD. For oeteoporosis, using a cut-off point of -1 yielded a sensitivity of 74.3% and a specificity of 52.2% with femoral neck BMD. Using a cut-off of -2 yielded a sensitivity of 87.3% and a specificity of 70.9%. The ROC curve showed an AUROC 0.88 for Risk Index in identifying osteoporosis. CONCLUSION: The Risk Index is an acceptable, simple and useful method in the diagnosis of osteoporosis with a Risk Index of -2 in Korean postmenopausal women.
Bone Diseases, Metabolic* ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Femur Neck ; Humans ; Korea ; Mass Screening* ; Menopause ; Osteoporosis* ; Prevalence ; ROC Curve ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Spine