A clinical and histologic survey was done on 71 cases of basal cel carcinoma(BCC) filed at Department of Clinical Fathology, Kang Nam, Han Kang, and Kang Dong Sacred Heart Hospital during past 13 year s from 1979 to 1991. The results were summerized as follows: 1. Of all malignant skin tumors BCC accounted for 31.6%. The frequency of BCC in the total number of outpatients visiting the Department of Dermatology was 0.06%. 2. The ratio of men to women with HCC was 1:1.03. 83.8% of the pat.ients with BCC were older than the age of l0 years with the mean age of 56.9 years. 3. 83.8% of the BCC appared in the face, especially on the nose(25.4%), eyelid(20.3%). 4. On the basis of classification of Lever et al, the solid type(66.7% ) was the most com mon histologic pattern, followed by the adenoid(8.8%), pigmented(8.8%), and etc. By the classification of Farmer et al, the nodulocystic type(35.1% ) was the most common histologic pattern followed by infiltrative(31.6%), adenoid(8.8%), pigmented(8.8%), and etc. By the classification on Sexton et al, in the order of decreasing frequency, liistologic subtypes were the nodular(43.9%), mixed (22.8%), infiltrative(19.3%), supeficial(3.5%), morpheic(3.5%), and micronodular(3.5%).
Carcinoma, Basal Cell* ; Classification ; Dermatology ; Female ; Heart ; Humans ; Male ; Outpatients ; Skin

Recently, next generation sequencing (NGS) has received attention as the ultimate genotyping method to overcome the limitations of capillary electrophoresis (CE)-based short tandem repeat (STR) analysis, such as the limited number of STR loci that can be measured simultaneously using fluorescent-labeled primers and the maximum size of STR amplicons. In this study, we analyzed 15 autosomal STR markers via the NGS method and evaluated their effectiveness in STR analysis. Using male and female standard DNA as single-sources and their 1:1 mixture, we sequentially generated sample amplicons by the multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method, constructed DNA libraries by ligation of adapters with a multiplex identifier (MID), and sequenced DNA using the Roche GS Junior Platform. Sequencing data for each sample were analyzed via alignment with pre-built reference sequences. Most STR alleles could be determined by applying a coverage threshold of 20% for the two single-sources and 10% for the 1:1 mixture. The structure of the STR in each allele was accurately determined by examining the sequences of the target STR region. The mixture ratio of the mixed sample was estimated by analyzing the coverage ratios between assigned alleles at each locus and the reference/variant ratios from the observed sequence variations. In conclusion, the experimental method used in this study allowed the successful generation of NGS data. In addition, the NGS data analysis protocol enables accurate STR allele call and repeat structure determination at each locus. Therefore, this approach using the NGS system will be helpful to interpret and analysis the STR profiles from singe-source and even mixed samples in forensic investigation.
Alleles ; DNA ; Electrophoresis, Capillary ; Female ; Gene Library ; Humans ; Ligation ; Male ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Statistics as Topic

No abstract available.
Female ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone* ; Humans ; Leiomyoma* ; Single Person*

Kikuchi's disease is a self-limiting lymphadenitis, predomin;intly of young women who present with cervical lymphadenopathy. We present a case of Kikuchis disease in a 18-year-old female, representing multiple tender subcutaneous mass on her neck, left eyelid and posteriarcuricle. Histopathologically, the biopsied mass was a lymph node showing architectural effacement by necrotic focicomposed of nucear karyorrhexis and mononucl ar cell proliferation.
Adolescent ; Cell Proliferation ; Eyelids ; Female ; Histiocytic Necrotizing Lymphadenitis ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphadenitis ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Neck

Human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is generally used to identify highly degraded forensic samples, particularly when the extracted DNA is not sufficient for nuclear DNA analysis. However, direct sequencing, the most widely used mtDNA analysis method, is laborious and time-consuming, and precludes the simultaneous analysis of many samples. Here, we describe a rapid and simple screening method for mtDNA analysis in Koreans using single base extension (SBE) methods. Sixteen highly polymorphic mtDNA SNPs from the control region were selected, and a multiplex SBE system was constructed to analyze them. Because the developed system consists of two duplex PCRs, which produce small amplicons with fewer than 270 bp, it works well with highly degraded samples such as old skeletal remains. Using this multiplex SBE system, 145 different haplotypes were expected to be observed from 593 unrelated Koreans. Seventy-three haplotypes were expected to be observed only once, and the most frequent haplotype was expected to occur 80 times. Since the mean number of pairwise differences was estimated to be 4.55, the developed system could be useful to exclude samples that do not match evidence and reference samples. Therefore, the multiplex SBE system used in this study will be a useful tool to analyze many samples simultaneously and to efficiently screen out non-matching mtDNA sequences in forensic casework.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; DNA ; DNA, Mitochondrial* ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Mass Screening* ; Methods ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide*

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to assess the characteristics of smartphone use in elementary school children and the emotional and behavioral problems associated with smartphone overuse and addiction. METHODS: Children referred to a community based pediatric mental health center were screened for smartphone addiction and related problematic behavior using the Smartphone Addiction Proneness Scale and the Korean version of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). RESULTS: 1) Statistically significant differences in gender, usage time, ownership, and internalization symptoms (somatization, anxiety/depression, withdrawal) were observed between the smartphone excessive user group and the control group. 2) Variants showing the most significant correlation with smartphone addiction were usage time, internalization problems somatization, anxiety/depression, withdrawal, aggressive behaviors, and total behavior problems. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicated an association of addiction tendency in elementary school children with internalization symptoms. Close observation in the familial and academic setting may be important for children at high risk for smartphone addiction.
Checklist ; Child Behavior ; Child* ; Humans ; Mental Health ; Ownership

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to assess the characteristics of smartphone use in elementary school children and the emotional and behavioral problems associated with smartphone overuse and addiction. METHODS: Children referred to a community based pediatric mental health center were screened for smartphone addiction and related problematic behavior using the Smartphone Addiction Proneness Scale and the Korean version of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). RESULTS: 1) Statistically significant differences in gender, usage time, ownership, and internalization symptoms (somatization, anxiety/depression, withdrawal) were observed between the smartphone excessive user group and the control group. 2) Variants showing the most significant correlation with smartphone addiction were usage time, internalization problems somatization, anxiety/depression, withdrawal, aggressive behaviors, and total behavior problems. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicated an association of addiction tendency in elementary school children with internalization symptoms. Close observation in the familial and academic setting may be important for children at high risk for smartphone addiction.
Checklist ; Child Behavior ; Child* ; Humans ; Mental Health ; Ownership

OBJECTIVE: The HPV vaccination target adolescents, and may be influenced by opinion of parents and other family member. For implementation of HPV vaccine, we measured knowledge of HPV infection and acceptability of vaccination among adults in Korea. METHODS: From August 2006 to November 2007, we provided a written questionnaire to females (above 19 years- olds) who visited Il-sin Christian hospital for prenatal care or gynecological examination. The questionnaire was built using elements of The Health Belief Model. We measured (1) awareness of HPV (2) perceived susceptibility (3) perceived seriousness (4) perceived benefit of vaccination (5) perceived barriers (6) cues to action. RESULTS: Total 975 females answered the questionnaire, and the mean age was 40 years. Only 23.8% knew the fact cervical cancer is related to HPV infection. 78.3% of respondents were willing to accept HPV vaccination after they understood HPV vaccination can prevent cervical cancer. Financial burden and possible side effect were barriers to vaccination. CONCLUSIONS: Despite of low awareness of HPV infection, most (78.3%) adults favored having HPV vaccination. But the vaccine was more likely to be accepted if it is recommended by a physician and reasonably priced.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Cues ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Female ; Gynecological Examination ; Humans ; Korea ; Papillomavirus Infections ; Parents ; Prenatal Care ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; Vaccination

The surgical treatment of craniofacial disorders, using metallic internal osteofixation system has inspired an evolution with advanced operative technique and fixation devices over past two decades. As any other surgical procedures, this procedure also associates problems such as infection, palpability, loosening, and restrict craniofacial skeleton growth, which lead to undue secondary operations for removal. These problems are improved by using bioabsorbable osteofixation system. We compared the patient's subjective symptoms using bioaborbable system versus metallic osteofixation system in zygomatic bone fracture. we should take the individual steps (postoperative 2 weeks, and 1 year) in treating fractured zygoma. From August, 2001 to August, 2003, we used bioabsorbable osteofixation system in 28 patients in zygomatic fracture (Biosorb(TM) FX(R)) and compared 23 patients who were treated with metallic osteofixation system. There was no significant difference in the both groups in subjective symptoms and postoperative result.
Fractures, Bone* ; Humans ; Skeleton ; Zygoma ; Zygomatic Fractures

Fine needle aspiration biopsy has been proved as a safe, accurate and cost-effective diagnostic modality in palpable breast lesions. Cytologically, fibrocystic disease can be classified into 3 categories as nonproliferative breast disease, proliferative breast disease without atypia, and proliferative breast disease with atypia. This terminology for the needle aspirates is compatible with that of diagnostic histopathology. Cytologic differentiation of nonproliferative disease from proliferative breast disease is important, since the risk of cancer development in cases of atypical hyperplasia is 4-5 times higher than that of general population. Twenty five needle aspirates of fibrocystic disease confirmed by subsequent histopathology were re-evaluated and classified into 3 categories depending on their architectural and nuclear features. In addition. these aspirates were scored according to the cytologic grading system, devised by Masood et al. and based on six cytologic criteria. Concordance rates between cytomorpholgic diagnosis and cytologic diagnosis using the cytologic criteria grading system and histologic diagnosis were 88% and 92%, respectively.
Biopsy ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Breast Diseases ; Breast* ; Classification* ; Diagnosis ; Hyperplasia ; Needles