Currently, fixation with "absorbable plates and screws" is widely used for the treatment of facial bone fracture. But it is carefully used for mandible fracture, because it needs much stronger skeletal stability caused by deviation in part of fracture. And there are some complications by using it. We need "absorbable plates and screws" depending on the case of fracture site of mandible and combined fracture. And it was classified favorable or unfavorable fracture according to the aspect of fracture site. In favorable fracture without deviation of symphysis, only "one absorbable plate and screws" has been used, and in unfavorable fracture, we used "two absorbable plates and screws". In the cases of body and angle fracture, "two absorbable plates and screws" have been used because there is more underneath load in body and angle fracture than in symphysis fracture. As this way, we basically used Biosorb FX(R) 2.0 system and applied 21 patients in 34 cases. Finally, we got enough skeletal stability in mandibular fracture and there were not any complications such as malocclusion, ununion and late tissue response. So we report these results along with document consideration.
Facial Bones ; Humans ; Malocclusion ; Mandible* ; Mandibular Fractures

BACKGROUNDS: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome(OSA) can divided into two groups, positional (PP) and non-positional(NPP) obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, according to the body position while sleeping. In this study, we evaluated the differences of anthropometirc data and polysomnographic recordings between the two types of sleep apnea syndrome. MATERIALS: Fifty patients with OSA were divided two groups by Cartwright's criteria. The supine respiratory disturbance index (RDI) was at least two times higher than the lateral RDI in the PP group, and the supine RDI was less than twice the lateral RDI in the NPP group. This patients underwent standardized polysomnographic recordings. The anthropometirc data and polysomnographic data were analyzed, statistically. RESULTS: Of all 50 patients, 30% were found to be positional OSA. BMI was significantly higher in the PP group(p<0.05). Total sleep time was significantly longer in the PP group (350.6±46.0min, p<0.05). Sleep efficiency was high in the PP group(89.6± 6.4%, 85.6±9.9%, p<0.05). Deep sleep was significantly higher and light sleep was lower in the PP group than in the NPP group but no difference was observed in REM sleep between the two groups. Apnea index(AI) and RDI were significantly lower(17.0±10.6, 28.5±13.3, p<0.05) and mean arterial oxygen saturation was higher in the PP group(92.7 ±1.8%, p<0.05) than in the NPP group. CONCLUSION: Body position during sleep has a profound effect on the frequency and severity of breathing abnormalities in OSA patients. A polysomnographic evaluation for suspected OSA patients must include monitoring of the body position. Breathing function in OSA patients can be improved by controlling their obesity and through postural therapy.
Apnea ; Humans ; Obesity ; Oxygen ; Polysomnography ; Respiration ; Sleep Apnea Syndromes ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive* ; Sleep, REM

No abstract available.
Acinar Cells* ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle* ; Carcinoma, Acinar Cell* ; Parotid Gland*

Purpose: The purpose of this program is to develop an educational program to improve the nursing management competency of middle-level nursing managers. Methods: The program outline is based on the results of the Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) and Systematic Review (SR). Also performed the content validity accordingly. Results: The result of the concepts are derived from 6 competencies for planning process, 4 competencies for organizing process, 4 competencies for staffing process, 26 competencies for directing process, and 12 competencies for controlling process by integrating IPA and SR. This outline of the program was constructed according to the derived integrated concept and both content validity and structured outline were interpreted as valid. Conclusion This suggests that middle-level managers need a systematic program and support to effectively lead the organization by recognizing the importance rather than performance.

BACKGROUND: Green tea extracts are approved as nonprescription drug and available as health functional foods, health foods, and beverages. Clinical information on the products is lacking. METHODS: Information about the products on green tea nonprescription drugs was obtained from the website of the Korea Pharmaceutical Information Center. The Naver, i.e., a top ranking online search portal, was used for compiling the list of the health functional food products using key words of ‘green tea catechin’ on August 23, 2018. The recommended daily dosages of catechins were calculated as 30% of the total dried mass of green tea and about 50% of the catechins were considered as epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). RESULTS: A total of two types of nonprescription drugs containing green tea powder or extracts, nine health functional food products, and three types of health foods were found. The regulatory requirements of the EGCG exceeding 800 mg were reported to be associated with adverse effects of elevated liver enzyme. If consumers take several green tea products concurrently, such as nonprescription drugs with health functional foods or health foods, it could exceed the recommended amount of EGCG. CONCLUSION: The concurrent use of green tea products as nonprescription drugs, health functional foods, and healthy foods may lead to an increased exposure to EGCG. Pharmacists should be aware the availability of various types of green tea products and the potential risk of liver toxicity due to excessive consumption of EGCG.
Beverages ; Catechin ; Functional Food ; Humans ; Information Centers ; Korea ; Liver ; Nonprescription Drugs ; Pharmacists ; Tea* ; Weight Loss*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Infant* ; Leukemia, Megakaryoblastic, Acute* ; Sarcoma, Myeloid*

We report a case of intravenous infusion amiodarone induced acute hepatitis, occurs within 1 day after initiation of drug in a 72-year-old woman with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Liver function test before intravenous infusion amiodarone treatment was normal. She was treated with intravenous infusion amiodarone, and then developed acute hepatitis next day. We suspected drug induced hepatitis due to intravenous infusion amiodarone. The liver function test returned to normal after the amiodarone was stopped. We described an unusual case which intravenous infusion amiodarone induced acute hepatitis within.
Aged ; Amiodarone* ; Atrial Fibrillation* ; Female ; Hepatitis* ; Humans ; Infusions, Intravenous* ; Liver Function Tests

The effect of fentanyl on arterial pressure and heart rate during laryngoscopy and intubation was studied in 40 adult normotensive patients. Two groups of 20 patients were observed. Patients received thiopental sodium 5 mg/kg (contal group) or fentanyl 2 ug/kg with thiopental 5 mg/kg (fentanyl group) for induction of anesthesia. The changes of systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were measured during the preinduction period, before thiopental (or thiopental+fentanyl), after succinylcholine, immediately after intubation and 5 minutes after intubation. The values were compared with preinduction control values. The results were as follows: The contro#l group showed a significant inerease of SBP, DBP and MAP (p<0.001) but no significant increase was noted in the fentanyl group with tracheal intubation. DBP and MAP returned to normal within 5 minutes and SBP decreased significantly (p<0.05). Significant heart rate elevation following intubation was observed in both groups. It is suggested from the above results that pretreatment with fentanyl 2 g/kg reduce the blood pressure elevation following intubation but dose not prevent the elevation of heart rate.
Adult ; Anesthesia ; Arterial Pressure ; Blood Pressure ; Fentanyl* ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Intubation* ; Laryngoscopy* ; Succinylcholine ; Thiopental

The hallmarks of sleep apnea syndrome include daytime hypersomnolence, snoring, obesity, disturbed nocturnal sleep, and apneic episodes. Thyroid deficiency states are now a well recognized cause of sleep apnea. Central, obstructive, and mixed patterns of sleep apnea may be observed in hypothyroidism. A 33-yr-old man was admitted complaining of daytime hypersomnolence, snoring, sleep apnea and obesity. A polysomnogram showed obstructive pattern of sleep apnea syndrome. Physical examination and hormonal study revealed a narrowing of the upper airway and primary hypothyroidism. Dilated cardiomyopathy was diagnosed by echocardiogram. The poctients was treated for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome with nasal continuous positive airway pressure(CPAP) for 2 months and the underlying hypothyroidism with thyroid hormone therapy. This successfully controlled the snoring, sleep apnea, and other apnea-related symptoms. Here, we describe our experience of nasal CPAP and thyroid hormone therapy in a patient with primary hypothyroidism associated with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and dilated cardimyopathy with review of the relevant literature.
Cardiomyopathies ; Cardiomyopathy, Dilated* ; Disorders of Excessive Somnolence ; Humans ; Hypothyroidism* ; Obesity ; Physical Examination ; Polysomnography ; Sleep Apnea Syndromes ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive* ; Snoring ; Thyroid Gland

BACKGROUND: With cases of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD), weight loss and low body weight have been found to correlate with increased mortality and poor prognosis. Therefore, nutritional aspects are an important part of the treatment in cases of COPD. In Korea, there is only limited data available for the changes of resting pulmonary function in relation to nutritional status. This study was carried out to investigated the differences of resting pulmonary function in relation to the nutritional status of patients with COPD. METHOD: 83 stable patients, with moderate to severe COPD, were clinically assessed for their nutritional status and resting pulmonary function. The patients' nutritional status was evaluated by body weight and fat-free mass (FFM), which was assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis. According to their nutritional status, the 83 patients were divided into two groups, designated as the depleted, and non-depleted, groups. RESULT: Of the 83 patients, 31% were characterized by body weight loss and depletion of FFM, whereas 28% had either weight loss or depleted FFM. In the depleted group, significantly lower peak expiratory flow rate(p<0.05) and Kco(p<0.01), but significantly higher airway resistance(Raw, p<0.05) were noted. There was no difference for the non-depleted group in forced expiratory volume at one second, residual volume, inspiratory vital capacity, or total lung capacity. Maximal inspiratory pressure(PImax) was also significantly lower in the depleted group(p<0.05). CONCLUSION: We conclude, from our clinical studies, that nutritional depletion is significantly associated with the change in resting pulmonary function for patients with moderate to severe COPD.
Body Weight ; Electric Impedance ; Forced Expiratory Volume ; Humans ; Korea ; Mortality ; Nutritional Status* ; Prognosis ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive* ; Residual Volume ; Total Lung Capacity ; Vital Capacity ; Weight Loss