BACKGROUND: Follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) is the second most common thyroid malignancy and its differential diagnosis includes follicular adenoma (FA) and adenomatous goiter (AG). Several ancillary markers have been suggested to aid in the diagnosis of FTC, but the successful use of these methods still needs to be validated. METHODS: In the present study, we verified the immunoexpression of HMGA2, CEACAM6, survivin, and SFN/14-3-3 delta in lesions including 41 AGs, 72 FAs, and 79 FTCs. We evaluated their diagnostic usefulness, combined with galectin 3, Hector Battifora mesothelial 1 (HBME1), cytokeratin 19, and cyclin D1, in diagnosing FTC. RESULTS: The expressions of HBME1 (65.8%) and HMGA2 (55.7%) were significantly higher in FTCs than in FAs and AGs (p<.001 and p=.005, respectively). HBME1 was the only marker that was more frequently expressed in FTCs than in FAs (p=.021) and it was more frequently expressed in follicular neoplasms than in AGs (p<.001). Among the novel markers, the combination of HMGA2 and HBME1 showed the highest sensitivity (72.2%) and specificity (76.1%) for diagnosing FTC. CEACAM6, survivin, and SFN/14-3-3 delta were barely expressed in most cases. CONCLUSIONS: Our present results show that only HMGA2 can be beneficial in differentiating FTC using the novel markers.
Adenocarcinoma, Follicular* ; Adenoma ; Cyclin D1 ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Galectin 3 ; Goiter ; Keratin-19 ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Thyroid Gland

Several pathologic characteristics are associated with an adverse clinical outcome in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), including the histological variant. This study aimed to investigate immunohistochemical expression and BRAF mutation status based on the histological variant and evaluated potential markers of aggressive behavior of PTC in Korean patients. In all, 407 PTC cases were classified to each histological variant, and the 94 representative cases were subjected to immunohistochemistry and BRAF mutation analysis. The classic type, follicular variant (FV) and tall cell variant (TCV) represented 76.9%, 14.2% and 6%, respectively. TCV showed a larger tumor size (P = 0.009), frequent extrathyroidal extension (P = 0.022) and cervical lymph node (LN) metastasis (P = 0.018). TCV and FV showed the reduced expression of galectin-3 (P = 0.003) and HBME1 (P = 0.114). Regardless of histology, PTEN loss and diffuse S100A4 expression were associated with LN metastasis (P = 0.007, P = 0.013). All TCVs harbored BRAF V600E mutation, and FV harbored less BRAF V600E mutation (P = 0.043). Immunohistochemical evaluation showed characteristic patterns in histological variants. PTEN and S100A4 expression are suggested as indicators of regional lymph node metastasis.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group/*genetics ; Carcinoma, Papillary/genetics/metabolism/*pathology ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Exons ; Female ; Galectin 3/metabolism ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; PTEN Phosphohydrolase/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf/*genetics/metabolism ; Republic of Korea ; S100 Proteins/metabolism ; Thyroid Neoplasms/genetics/metabolism/*pathology ; Tumor Markers, Biological/metabolism ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: To compare the clinical characteristics and laboratory finding between adenoviral and group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. METHODS: A retrospective review of medical records was performed in the patients with adenovirus infection among those who were admitted for febrile respiratory disease from January 2011 to July 2013 and GAS pharyngitis among those who visited for symptoms of scarlet fever from August 2006 to July 2013. RESULTS: 179 patients (AV1 group) were diagnosed with adenoviral pharyngitis and 37 (AV2 group) of these patients had adenovirus single infection. 26 patients (GAS group) were diagnosed with scarlet fever. Adenoviral infection (AV2 group) developed in younger patients compared to GAS group (2.8+/-2.1 years vs. 5.4+/-1.8 years, P=0.000). Total durations of fever and admission were longer in AV2 (6.3+/-2.6 days vs. 3.3+/-1.9 days, P=0.000; 4.1+/-1.2 days vs. 1.9+/-1.8 days, P=0.000, respectively). WBC counts were higher in AV2 (11,449+/-5,680 cells/mm2 vs. 6,722+/-6,941 cells/mm2, P=0.000). CRP was not significantly different between AV2 and GAS group (3.8+/-3.2 mg/dL vs. 5.2+/-5.1 mg/dL, P=0.368). No difference was found between two groups in the percentage of antibiotics use (91.9% vs. 100%, P=0.261). CONCLUSION: Clinical characteristics and measures of inflammation in the laboratory findings were similar between adenoviral and GAS pharyngitis group. It is necessary to conduct the test for respiratory virus and bacteria in early stage to differentiate in the pharyngitis patients with leukocytosis and elevation of CRP level.
Adenoviridae ; Adenoviridae Infections ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bacteria ; Child* ; Fever ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Leukocytosis ; Medical Records ; Pharyngitis* ; Retrospective Studies ; Scarlet Fever

Leigh's disease is a rare progressive neurological disorder that is characterized light microscopically by focal spongy necrosis in the brain and electron microscopically by mitochondriopathy. We report an autopsy case of Leigh's disease that showed abnormalities in the liver, kidney and skeletal muscle as well as the central nervous system. The patient was an 18-month-old girl who has carried a diagnosis of cerebral palsy ever since her birth to a 20-year-old mother. The baby was generally hypertonic and mentally retarded. She died of severe metabolic acidosis. Postmortem examination showed growth retardation, fatty liver, fatty kidney and soft brain. Brain section showed multifocal softenings in the brainstem, basal ganglia and periventricular areas. Microscopically increased capillaries with endothelial proliferation, vacuolar degeneration and mild gliosis were seen in the brain. The axons were relatively preserved. Liver and kidneys showed microvesicular fatty change. Myofiber degeneration of the skeletal muscle was also noted. Electron microscopic examination showed markedly increased mitochondria in the parenchymal cells of the brain, liver and kidney. The mitochondria showed round to ovoid ballooned appearance including electron-dense core-like structures and pseudoinclusions of glycogen granules.
Brain/pathology/ultrastructure ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Kidney/pathology/ultrastructure ; Leigh Disease/*pathology ; Liver/pathology/ultrastructure ; Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathies/pathology ; Muscles/pathology

OBJECTIVES: The Korean government in January 2006 instigated an exemption policy for hospitalized children under the age of six years old. This study examines how this policy affected the utilization of medical care in Korea. METHODS: A total of 1,513,797 claim records from the Health Insurance Review Agency were analyzed by complete enumeration methods. The changes of medical utilization were compared from 2005 to 2006. In addition, the changes of medical utilization between 2004 and 2005 were compared as a pseudocontrol group. RESULTS: The admission rate increased 1.14-fold from 15.20% in 2004 to 17.32% in 2005, and this further increased 1.08-fold to 18.65% in 2006. The increase of patients with a common cold (1.2-fold) was higher than that of both the general patients (1.08-fold) and the patients with the top 10 fatal diseases (0.91-fold). The average length of stay per case for clinics showed the highest increase rates (1.06-fold). The rates of patients with the common cold showed a higher increase (1.05-fold) than that of the general patients. The average medical expense per case was increased by 1.10-fold from 2005 to 2006, which was higher than that from 2004 to 2005 (1.04-fold). The increase rate for patients with the common cold was higher at 1.18-fold than that of the general patients. CONCLUSIONS: The cost exemption policy has especially led to an increase in the utilization of clinics and the utilization by patients with a common cold.
Child, Preschool ; Cost Sharing/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *Health Policy ; Health Services/*utilization ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Insurance Claim Review ; Korea ; Length of Stay

No abstract available.
Dexmedetomidine

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to identify and analyze the trends of theory-based research published in Asian Oncology Nursing (AON) from 2011 to 2017. METHODS: We analyzed 22 theory-based studies taken from among the 232 studies published in AON for 7years. We analyzed the framework developed by researchers, descriptive summaries of theory, keyword classification of nursing meta-paradigms, the generic character of the studies, and the type of research designs. RESULTS: A total of 23 theories were applied in the 22 (9.5%) studies. ‘Nursing’ was the most prevalent field of study (34.8%). In the field of study of theory, nursing theory was the largest with eight (34.8%), and in the method of theory utilization, all 22 studies were theoretical applications 3 middle-range theories were most prevalent. In the keyword classification using meta-paradigm in nursing, we found 83 key words. Among them, ‘Health’ related key words were most frequent (53), followed by ‘Cancer’ keywords (13). CONCLUSION: AON has a high ratio of theoretical study compared to other journals, but the ratio is still less than 10%, which is still weak. Therefore, it is believed that the attention to, utilization of, application, and institutional establishment of nursing theory should be necessary.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Classification ; Humans ; Methods ; Models, Theoretical ; Nursing ; Nursing Theory ; Oncology Nursing ; Research Design

Background: Medical nutrition therapy is a fundamental part of diabetes management; however, it is very difficult for patients to maintain the recommended diet programs. We investigated whether providing home-delivered therapeutic meals designed by registered dietitians could be useful in lowering blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: During a 12-day study period, we monitored the blood glucose levels of 19 patients with type 2 diabetes by continuous glucose monitoring. For the first six days, the participants maintained their usual lifestyles and were allowed to eat freely (free meal period). During the last six days, two out of the three main meals per day were replaced with home-delivered therapeutic meals designed for diabetes management (therapeutic meal period), during which snacks and exercise were freely allowed. Blood glucose levels and estimated glycated hemoglobin (eHbA1c) were compared between the two periods. Results: Between the free meal period and the therapeutic meal period, mean blood glucose level and eHbA1c dropped by 11.9 mg/dL (P < 0.001) and 0.4% (P = 0.002), respectively. These results were mainly due to the decrease in postprandial glucose levels rather than preprandial glucose levels. Conclusion Providing home-delivered therapeutic meals designed for diabetes management was effective in lowering the blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Background: Medical nutrition therapy is a fundamental part of diabetes management; however, it is very difficult for patients to maintain the recommended diet programs. We investigated whether providing home-delivered therapeutic meals designed by registered dietitians could be useful in lowering blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: During a 12-day study period, we monitored the blood glucose levels of 19 patients with type 2 diabetes by continuous glucose monitoring. For the first six days, the participants maintained their usual lifestyles and were allowed to eat freely (free meal period). During the last six days, two out of the three main meals per day were replaced with home-delivered therapeutic meals designed for diabetes management (therapeutic meal period), during which snacks and exercise were freely allowed. Blood glucose levels and estimated glycated hemoglobin (eHbA1c) were compared between the two periods. Results: Between the free meal period and the therapeutic meal period, mean blood glucose level and eHbA1c dropped by 11.9 mg/dL (P < 0.001) and 0.4% (P = 0.002), respectively. These results were mainly due to the decrease in postprandial glucose levels rather than preprandial glucose levels. Conclusion Providing home-delivered therapeutic meals designed for diabetes management was effective in lowering the blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes.

PURPOSE: Contrast media-induced nephropathy (CIN) following coronary angiography is associated with an increased mortality and morbidity. We investigated the incidence of nephrotoxicity, clinical characteristics, laboratory characteristics and risk factors of CIN in patients undergoing coronary angiography. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated the medical records of 555 patients who had undergone coronary angiography at the Sanggye Paik Hospital, from January 2004 to December 2005. We defined CIN as any increase in the creatinine value of more than 0.5 mg/dL or 50% of baseline value. RESULTS: Among 555 patients, CIN developed in 10 of 48 patients (20.8%) with renal insufficiency (serum creatinine > or =1.4 mg/dL) and in 7 of 507 patients (1.4%) without renal insufficiency (p<0.001). Decreased renal function, congestive heart failure, higher baseline uric acid, lower baseline albumin and age > or =65 years were the significant predictors of CIN. There were no statistical differences in contrast type and volume according to the development of CIN. CONCLUSION: Our data supported the assumption that renal insufficiency, congestive heart failure, hyperuricemia and anemia may be the risk factors of developing CIN.
Anemia ; Contrast Media ; Coronary Angiography ; Creatinine ; Heart Failure ; Humans ; Hyperuricemia ; Incidence ; Medical Records ; Renal Insufficiency ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Uric Acid