PURPOSE: To evaluate differential points of patterns of clustered microcalcification between malignant(n=17) and benign(n=46) lesions on mammogram MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively and prospectively evaluated mammograms of surgically confirmed 63 patients showing clustered microcalcifications. Area, density, number, size, shape of calcification were evaluated along with associated mass and parenchymal distortion. RESULTS: Malignant calcifications were more variable in size(14/17, 77% vs 25/46, 53%) and shape(l 1/17, 64. 8% vs 13/46, 28.2%) than benign counterparts. Pepper, fine granular, branching, comma, tadpole and wormiform calcification were observed in malignant lesion with statistical significance. The malignant calcifications showed more faint(12/17, 70.5% vs 23/46, 50%), irregular margin(17/17, 100% vs 19/46, 42%) and they were usually associated with parenchymal distortion(16/17, 94% vs 9/46, 20%) and ill-defined masses(10/17, 58.9% vs 12/46, 26.1%). CONCLUSION: Clustered microcalcifications with variable size and shape, faint or irregular margin, parenchymal distortion, ill-defined masses seen on mammography, suggest malignancy.
Humans ; Larva ; Mammography ; Prospective Studies ; Retrospective Studies

Catecholamine-induced cardiomyopathy associated with neuroblastoma is rarely reported. We report a case of catecholamine-induced cardiomyopathy associated with neuroblastoma in a 33-month-old female that was treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). She was tentatively diagnosed with acute myocarditis and presented with hypertension. Because of rapid patient deterioration despite pharmacological treatments, ECMO was applied. ECMO can be helpful in cases of catecholamine-induced cardiomyopathy associated with neuroblastoma.
Cardiomyopathies* ; Catecholamines ; Child, Preschool ; Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation* ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Myocarditis ; Neuroblastoma*

PURPOSE: To evaluate differential points of clustered microcalcification in malignant and benign lesions on histopathology and correlate with mammographic findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Authors evaluated differential points of malignant and benign calcifications in histopathologically confirmed 24 cases. In two patients, mapping studies and paraffin block mammographic examinations were done to correlate calcification on mammography with histopathologic morphology. RESULT: On histopathology, malignant calcifications were located in ductal lumen, while benign ones were usually located in ductal epithelium(p<0.05). However, associated three benign lesions of the 10 malignant lesions showed still benign calcifications adjacent to proven cancer. The typical malignant calcifications were the shape of lamination, while benign calcifications showed granular and salty on light microscope. In 2 mapping studies, malignant-looking calcifications within the area of predominant benign calcifications yielded atypical ductal hyperplasia. Mammographic pepper, granular, punctate, salty and S-shaped calcifications were correlated with granular and salty calcification on light microscope. Mammographic linear, branching, comma, tadpole and wormiform calcifications were correlated with histopathologic laminated calcification. CONCLUSION: Authors have recognized about characteristics of malignant Vs. benign clustered microcalcifications on histopathology. Authors concluded that if malignant-looking calcification such as linear, branching, comma, tadpole and wormiform are present in an are a of predominant benign calcifications, specimen radiographic correlation and mapping study will be necessary for better demonstration of the atypical ductal hyperplasia, hidden or associated breast cancer.
Breast Neoplasms ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Larva ; Mammography* ; Paraffin

No abstract available.
Female ; Humans ; Hysterosalpingography*

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to compare the postural habits, body image, and peer attachment of adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis and healthy adolescents, and to examine the correlation between body image and peer attachment in each group. METHODS: Eighty-three adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis and 83 healthy adolescents were recruited from 4 middle schools located in W city. Data were collected from November 22 to December 6 2010 using a structured questionnaire including items about postural habits, body image, and peer attachment. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi2-test, independent t-test and Pearson Correlation Coefficient. RESULTS: Compared to healthy adolescents, adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis were more likely to use one hand, to lean back while seated, and to put weight on one leg while standing. The score for body image was significantly lower for adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis compared to healthy adolescents, but peer attachment was not significantly different between the two groups. Body image was significantly correlated with peer attachment only for the adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis. CONCLUSION: Interventions to promote balanced postural habits in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis are needed. Information on body image and peer attachment for these adolescents should also be considered when developing interventions.
Adolescent ; Body Image ; Hand ; Humans ; Leg ; Posture ; Scoliosis ; Child Health ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: In children on anticancer chemotherapy, bloodstream infections (BSIs) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality. We investigated febrile episodes and bloodstream infections in pediatric cancer patients to guide proper selection of empiric antibiotics for febrile pediatric hemato-oncologic patients. METHODS: All febrile episodes treated in the division of hematology-oncology, the department of pediatrics, Hanyang University Hospital, between July 2005 and June 2008 were reviewed. Episodes with and without bloodstream infections were compared. RESULTS: Forty cases (18.9%, 25 patients) of BSI occurred in 212 febrile episodes (63 patients). Thirty-seven cases (23.6%, 22 patients) of BSI occurred in 157 febrile episodes with neutropenia (54 patients). Microorganisms identified in BSI corresponded to 23 gram-positive bacteria (51.2%), 20 gram-negative bacteria (44.5%), and 2 fungi (4.4%). Rates of BSI between those who had received umbilical cord blood transplantation and those who had received transplantation from other source were significantly different (55.0% vs. 7.7%, P=0.001). No differences in mortality rate were observed among organisms in BSI patients. For febrile episodes the rate of BSI was higher among those with Chemoport than those with Hickman catheter (P=0.029) and gram-positive pathogens were more likely to be associated with Chemoport (P=0.001). CONCLUSION: The study showed the rate of BSI, distribution of pathogens with regard to neutropenia, transplantation, central venous catheters, and antimicrobial susceptibility of pathogens in order to help guide in the choice of optimal empiric antibiotics in pediatric febrile neutropenic hemato-oncologic patients.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bacteremia ; Catheters ; Central Venous Catheters ; Child ; Fetal Blood ; Fever ; Fungi ; Gram-Negative Bacteria ; Gram-Positive Bacteria ; Humans ; Neutropenia ; Pediatrics ; Transplants

No abstract available.
Female ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone* ; Humans ; Leiomyoma* ; Single Person*

BACKGROUND: We compared thiopental sodium with propofol as induction agents under propofol-N2O anesthesia for cesarean sections. METHODS: We selected 68 pregnant women with a single fetus undergoing an elective cesarean section under general anesthesia and randomly allocated them to the thiopental sodium group (group N) or the propofol group (group P). Without premedication, thiopental sodium 5 mg/kg and succinylcholine 1 mg/kg were injected for induction in group N, and propofol 2 mg/kg and succinylcholine 1 mg/kg in group P. Propofol 10 mg/kg/hr was infused continuously with 50% N2O in both groups. We checked the blood pressure and the heart rate before and after injection. We analysed blood gas of maternal artery, umbilical artery, and umbilical vein at delivery and checked Apgar scores at 1 minute and 5 minutes after delivery. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in blood pressure, heart rate and Apgar scores between groups. Oxygen partial pressure (35.6 +/- 5.8 mmHg) and oxygen saturation (66.2 +/- 12.0%) of the umbilical vein in group P was higher than in group N (32.7 +/- 4.9 mmHg, 58.7 +/- 11.5%). Carbon dioxide partial pressure and pH did not differ between groups. CONCLUSIONS: There was no beneficial effect of thiopental sodium compared with propofol as an induction agent under propofol anesthesia. Propofol is a useful drug for cesarean sections.
Anesthesia* ; Anesthesia, General ; Arteries ; Blood Pressure ; Carbon Dioxide ; Cesarean Section* ; Female ; Fetus ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Oxygen ; Partial Pressure ; Pregnancy ; Pregnant Women ; Premedication ; Propofol* ; Succinylcholine ; Thiopental* ; Umbilical Arteries ; Umbilical Veins

Background: Proper detection and management of dental plaque are essential for individual oral health. We aimed to evaluatethe maturation level of dental plaque using a two-tone disclosing agent and to compare it with the fluorescence of dental plaque on the quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF) image to obtain primary data for the development of a new dental plaque scoring system. Methods: Twenty-eight subjects who consented to participate after understanding the purpose of the study were screened. Theimages of the anterior teeth were obtained using the QLF device. Subsequently, dental plaque was stained with a two-tone disclosing solution and a photograph was obtained with a digital single-lens reflex (DSLR) camera. The staining scores were assigned as follows: 0 for no staining, 1 for pink staining, and 2 for blue staining. The marked points on the DSLR images were selected for RGB color analysis. The relationship between dental plaque maturation and the red/green (R/G) ratio was evaluated using Spearman’s rank correlation. Additionally, different red fluorescence values according to dental plaque accumulation were assessed using one-way analysis of variance followed by Scheffe’s post-hoc test to identify statistically significant differences between the groups. Results: A comparison of the intensity of red fluorescence according to the maturation of the two-tone stained dental plaque confirmed that R/G ratio was higher in the QLF images with dental plaque maturation (p＜0.001). Correlation analysis between the stained dental plaque and the red fluorescence intensity in the QLF image confirmed an excellent positive correlation (p＜0.001). Conclusion: A new plaque scoring system can be developed based on the results of the present study. In addition, these study results may also help in dental plaque management in the clinical setting.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the association between the duration of workplace noise exposure and glucose metabolism status in a nationally representative Korean sample. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 3,534 participants aged ≥40 years without tinnitus or hearing loss from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2018). The primary exposure was noise in the workplace and its duration. We divided the noise exposure group into four groups according to the duration of noise exposure (<3 years, 3–10 years, 10–20 years, and ≥20 years). The primary outcomes were fasting blood sugar (FBS), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and pre-diabetes and diabetes diagnosed using FBS. Logistic and linear regression analyses were used to test the association between noise exposure and glycemic status. Results: After adjustment, HbA1c levels were significantly higher in the noise exposure than in the non-noise exposure group. HbA1c levels were significantly higher in those exposed to occupational noise for more than 20 years than in others. In the subgroup analysis among those who had been exposed to noise for >20 years, the non-aerobic physical activity group had significantly higher HbA1c levels than the physical activity group. Furthermore, among those who had been exposed to noise for >20 years, the without hearing protection group had significantly higher HbA1c levels than those using hearing protection. Conclusion The association between noise exposure and the prevalence of diabetes is unclear. However, our study clearly suggests that there is a relationship between elevated HbA1c levels and workplace noise exposure and that a long period of workplace noise exposure, no physical activity, and not wearing a hearing protection device could increase the risk of diabetes.