No abstract available.
Breast* ; Jaundice* ; Milk, Human*

No abstract available.
Fluconazole* ; Tinea Capitis* ; Tinea*

The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of nutrition education program and pamphlet for the lower grades elementary students focused on individual daily needed food exchange units using Food Exchange System. Program consisted of four lessons (40 min/lesson), "5 major nutrients & function", "6 food group and sources", "daily needed food exchange units for normal body weight", and "smart snack choice and exercise". Pamphlet as activity book was developed for the program. The subjects were 3rd grade elementary students (educated group, 31 vs. non-educated group, 31). Educated group were lessoned as group and/or individual. We examined the differences in nutrition knowledge, dietary attitudes, dietary intakes and satisfaction of the program and pamphlet. In educated group, there were positive improvements on nutrition knowledge score "function and foods of 5 nutrients" and on dietary attitudes "type of breakfast and snacks". In the evaluation of dietary intakes according to KDRI, there were positive improvements on intakes level of riboflavin, vit. C, folate, Ca, P, Fe and Zn in educated group. In satisfaction with the program and pamphlet, contents, font size, visual, figure, difficulty and program curriculum were over 2.90/3.0. It showed that the developed nutrition education program and pamphlet focused on individual daily needed food exchange units using Food Exchange System improved nutrition knowledge, dietary attitudes and nutrients intake level in the lower grades elementary students.
Breakfast ; Curriculum ; Folic Acid ; Humans ; Pamphlets ; Riboflavin ; Snacks

Neurofibromatosis type 1(NF1) is one of the most common inherited disorders, clinically characterized by cafe-au-lait spots, Lisch nodules and neurofibromas. In addition, the affected individuals usually develop benign and malignant tumors of the nervous system. One of the most common tumors is the optic nerve glioma. NF1-associated glioma, however, rarely occurs in the cerebellum. Recently, we experienced a NF1-associated cerebellar pilocytic astrocytoma in an 11 years old girl. She has a family history of NF1 and multiple cafe-au-lait spots over her whole body. We report herewith a case of NF1-associated cerebellar pilocytic astrocytoma with a brief review of related literature.
Astrocytoma* ; Cafe-au-Lait Spots ; Cerebellum ; Child ; Female ; Glioma ; Humans ; Nervous System Neoplasms ; Neurofibroma ; Neurofibromatoses* ; Neurofibromatosis 1* ; Optic Nerve Glioma

This study was designed to compare the incidence and severity of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) between normal (N = 85) and overweight or obese (N = 28) college female students and investigated correlation between PMS, nutrient intake, hematological index and psychological index (depression, anxiety, stress). Each subject was asked a Menstrual Discomfort Questionnaire (MDQ) for PMS by 5 Likert scale. The PMS scores of women in the normal weight subjects ranked in order of severity were water retention (2.71), followed by behavioral change (2.58), negative affect (2.46), pain (2.31), autonomic reaction (2.27), decreased concentration (2.16). The symptoms of 'pain' and 'behavioral change' of overweight or obese subject were significantly higher than those of normal subject (p < 0.05). And total cholesterol concentration of overweight or obese subjects was significantly higher than in normal subject (p < 0.05). There was a significant positive correlation (p < 0.05) between the symptoms of 'negative effect' and BMI. And the triglyceride concentration was positively related with 'water retention (p < 0.01)'. The symptoms of 'decreased concentration' were negatively correlated with calcium (p < 0.01) and vitamin B6 intake (p < 0.05). The depression score were positively related with symptoms of 'behavioral change (p < 0.05)', 'negative affect' (p < 0.01), and the anxiety score was positively correlated with 'behavioral change (p < 0.05)' and 'decreased concentration (p < 0.05)'. The stress score was positively correlated with 'decreased concentration (p < 0.01)', 'behavioral change (p < 0.05)' and 'negative affect (p < 0.05)'. This suggests that PMS represents the clinical manifestation of a calcium, vitamin B6 deficiency and psychological disorder. Therefore we concluded that nutrient supplementation, depression and stress management may help to relieve PMS symptoms.
Anxiety ; Calcium ; Cholesterol ; Depression ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Obesity ; Overweight ; Premenstrual Syndrome ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Retention (Psychology) ; Vitamin B 6 ; Vitamin B 6 Deficiency ; Water

BACKGROUND: Necrotizing fasciitis is a life-threatening soft tissue infection involving the fascia and subcutaneous tissues. Diagnosis of necrotizing fasciitis is often delayed because of an underestimation or an overlap between it and cellulitis. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to evaluate and compare the clinical, laboratory, and microbiological characteristics of cellulitis and necrotizing fasciitis. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed medical records of patients diagnosed as having cellulitis or necrotizing fasciitis and hospitalized at our hospital between January 2011 and December 2016. RESULTS: The study included data from 185 patients having cellulitis and 33 patients having necrotizing fasciitis. There were significant differences between cellulitis and necrotizing fasciitis regarding clinical and laboratory factors. Necrotizing fasciitis was primarily associated with the following features at the time of admission: A thigh/buttock location [odds ratio (OR) 9.04, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.72∼47.64, p=0.009], pain not controlled with use of non-opioid analgesics (OR 6.26, 95% CI 2.21∼17.71, p<0.001), serum sodium level <135 mEq/L (OR 17.44, 95% CI 7.27∼41.84, p<0.001), and a serum procalcitonin level >0.32 ng/mL (OR 9.41, 95% CI 4.18∼21.93, p <0.001). Additionally, polymicrobial infections and Gram-negative organisms were more commonly associated with necrotizing fasciitis compared to cellulitis. CONCLUSION: We found several differences between cellulitis and necrotizing fasciitis in terms of clinical, laboratory, and microbiological characteristics. When patients showing symptoms of cellulitis present with lesions on the thigh or buttock, pain not controlled with use of non-opioid analgesics, a serum sodium level <135 mEq/L, or a procalcitonin level >0.32 ng/mL, it would be appropriate to evaluate for the possibility of necrotizing fasciitis and use broad-spectrum antibiotics to cover for Gram-negative organisms.
Analgesics ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Buttocks ; Cellulitis* ; Coinfection ; Diagnosis ; Fascia ; Fasciitis, Necrotizing* ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Retrospective Studies ; Sodium ; Soft Tissue Infections ; Subcutaneous Tissue ; Thigh

Background : Korean Activities of Daily Living(K-ADL) scale and Korean Instrumental Activities of Daily Living(K-IADL) scale were developed to measure the function of the old. The evaluation through K-ADL and K-IADL is important for the optimal medical service to the disabled old people on the Sorokdo. This study was conducted to assess the functional disability of them and to find out the suitable medical service. Method : This research was collected from 731 Sorokdo residents in Oct, 2003. The data were compared by chi-square test, independent t-test and ANOVA test using SPSS(ver 10.0) with alpha-error=0.05. Result : Bathing-points and clothing-points on ADL scale are comparatively low: points of the women lower than those of the men; the group over 65 years than group under that age; the patients who have combined disease than the patients who have not; and the patients who have been hospitalized more than once than those who have not been. Besides, the points of the not-disabled are lower than those of disability, the lower one`s points on ADL scale. It is due to the fact that there are many not-disabled persons over 65 years old. Preparing-a-meal points and washing-points on IADL scale are comparatively low: points of the women lower than those of the men; the group over 65 years than group under that age; the patients who have combined disease than the patients who have not; the patients who have been hospitalized than those who have not been one a more; and the seriously- disabled and the slightly-disabled. The points on Barthel ADL scale are dwindling annually by 0.3 to 0.5, the decrease of the women being greater than that of the men. Conclusion : Special medical programs for the old patients and a rehabilitation health service will improve the reliability of medical service on Sorokdo hospital and increase quality of life.
Activities of Daily Living ; Aged ; Female ; Health Services ; Humans ; Leprosy ; Male ; Quality of Life ; Rehabilitation

Lymphadenitis due to toxoplasma infection is not uncommon and should be considered in the diagnosis of unexplained lymphadenopathy at all sites, especially at the cervical region. We report four cases of toxoplasmosis diagnosed by cytologic, histologic and serologic tests. Fine needle aspiration cytologic diagnosis can help the diagnosis of toxoplasma lymphadenitis and eliminate unnecessary hospitalization or surgery.
Biopsy, Fine-Needle* ; Biopsy, Needle ; Diagnosis ; Hospitalization ; Lymphadenitis ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Mass Screening* ; Serologic Tests ; Toxoplasma ; Toxoplasmosis*

BACKGROUND: It was known that the prevalence of reflux esophagitis in Korea was below 5% and there were few epidemiological data on feflux esophagitis in Korea. It was reported that the associated factors of reflux exophagitis were sex, smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity, drugs, exercise, diet habits, but the nuvber of systematic studies on these factors was small. Thus, we studied to estimate the prevalence and associated factors of reflux esophagitis in Korea. METHODS: We examined 5,487 subjects (male 3,450, female 2,037, age;18082 year) visting health promotion center for routine check-up including esophagogastroduodenoscopy. All of them were given a questionnaire about past medical history, use of drugs, smoking, alcohol consumption, social history, diet habits. We recruited 275 cases with reflux esophagitis and 550 controls without refoux esophagitis on esophagogastroduodenoscopy. We estimated the prevalence of reflux esophagitis and performed retrospectively a cross-sectional study to evaluate the associated factors of reflux esophagitis. RESULTS: The prevalence of reflux esophagitis was 5.01%, 7.10% in male, 1.47% in female. The prevalence in male was significantly higher than that in female (p<0.05). The associated factors of reflux esophagitis were smoking, alcohol consumption, serum total cholesterol, triglyceride(p<0.05). It was investigated that the cases with reflux esophagitis in relation to diet habits ate more frequently fried foods in oil, Chinese dishes than controls(p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of reflux esophagitis in routine check-up subjects was 5.01%. The associated factors of refoux esophagitis were smoking, alcohol consumption, serum total cholesterol, triglyceride.
Alcohol Drinking ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Cholesterol ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Endoscopy, Digestive System ; Esophagitis ; Esophagitis, Peptic* ; Female ; Food Habits ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Obesity ; Prevalence* ; Retrospective Studies ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Triglycerides ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinicopathological features and immunohistochemical features of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), and specifically the expressions of platelet derived growth factor receptor A (PDGFRA), protein kinase C theta (PKC theta), discovered on GIST-1 (DOG-1), p16 and p27. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Total 118 patients who underwent surgical resection for GIST at our institution between Jan 1997 and Dec 2007 were retrospectively studied. Immunohistochemical staining for c-kit, PDGFRA, PKC-theta, DOG-1, p16 and p27 was performed on a tissue microarray of the 118 GIST. The clinicopathologic parameters, the disease-free survival (DFS) and the overall survival rate were analyzed along with immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The immunohistochemical stains for c-kit, CD34, PKC-theta, PDGFRA, DOG-1, p16 and p27 were positive in 89.8%, 72.0%, 56.8%, 94.9%, 90.7%, 69.5% and 44.1% of the tumor samples, respectively. The immunohistochemical expression of c-kit was strongly correlated with PKC-theta (p=0.000), DOG-1 (p=0.000) and CD34 (p=0.002). The DFS rate was significantly decreased for the patients with peritoneal GIST, high risk GIST, > or =10 cm-sized GIST, > or =10 mitoses/50 high power fields (HPFs) and p16 positivity (p=0.001, p=0.004, p=0.001, p=0.003 and p=0.028). GISTs > or =10 cm, epithelioid tumor cell type, and c-kit, and DOG-1 negativity were significantly associated with shorter period of overall survival (p=0.048, p=0.006, p=0.000 and p=0.000). CONCLUSION: The expression of p16 and no expression of c-kit and DOG-1 in GISTs, as well as peritoneal tumor site, high risk group, large tumor size, epithelioid tumor cell type and numerous mitoses, may be potentially prognostic factors for predicting worse outcome for patients who suffer from GIST.
Coloring Agents ; Disease-Free Survival ; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mitosis ; Prognosis ; Protein Kinase C ; Receptors, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate