Background: Although there are various interventions for eating disorders in type 1 diabetes patients, it is difficult to interpret them comprehensively. The purpose of this study is to analyze eating disorder intervention studies in type 1 diabetes patients and to compare the characteristics of each study. Methods: For this study, PICOTS-SD was established. We searched studies published in Korean and English from 2000 to 2020 in KCI, RISS, NDSL, KISS, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Pubmed, and Embase. Results: For the intervention of eating disorders in patients with type 1 diabetes, psycho-education and self-compassion programs were implemented. The intervention period varied from 4 to 6 weeks, and physiological variables, eating disorder variables, and emotional variables were used interventions. But the number of participants was small and the results of the study were inconsistent. Conclusions Through this study, the possibility of resolving the difficulties of eating disorder intervention in type 1 diabetes patients was confirmed. In the future, more randomized controlled trials with larger samples are needed to extend the evidence base.

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the incidence and associated factors with post-traumatic stress disorders (PTSD) in patients with intensive care units (ICU) admission experience. Methods: This study is a retrospective observational study using self-reporting questionnaire. Patients who were admitted to ICU more than 72 hours and agreed to participate were enrolled in this study. PTSD were assessed by Korean version of post-traumatic diagnosis scale, and PTSD was defined as 20 points or more. Medical records of participants were reviewed to identify influencing factors of PTSD. To analyzed the data, descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test and gamma regression were utilized using SPSS/WIN 23.0 program. Results: A total of 128 patients participated in the study. Mean age of participants was 58.3±11.7 years and 50 patients (39.1%) were female. Mean duration of ICU stay was 8.43±8.09 days and PTSD was diagnosed in 12 patients (9.4%). In the results of a Gamma regression analysis, Psychiatric history (B=1.09, p=.002), APACHEII score (B=.04, p=.005), CPR experience (B=1.65, p=.017) and physical restraint (B=.68, p=.049) were independently associated with PTSD occurrence. Conclusion The results of this study suggest that a various factors influencing PTSD should be identified to prevent PTSD in patients who requires ICU care. In addition, post-ICU care programs are required to assess and reduce PTSD.

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to identify the pattern and factors associated with women's use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) during postpartum in Korea. METHODS: With a descriptive survey design, data of 423 postpartum women were collected via online and offline surveys. RESULTS: A total of 251 women (59.3%) reported CAM use during postpartum. Eating animal-based foods (65.3%), plant-based health foods (52.2%), and using oriental medicine (31.8%) were commonly used in postpartum women. The reason for using CAM were physical recovery (39.1%), breastfeeding (29.7%), weight loss (24.8%), prevention of postpartum complications (5.1%), and others (1.3%). People who recommended CAM use was mainly family (41.3%), and expense of using CAM was 751,188 Korea won. Most women discussed CAM use with doctor (44.9%), and 29.3% of women didn't even consult CAM use with health care providers. Most of (72.3%) women were satisfied with CAM use. Higher level of education and monthly income, being employed, primipara, normal range of gestational weight gain, no abortion experience, and no maternal complication were significantly associated with CAM use in postpartum women. CONCLUSION: Results of this study were somewhat different from those of western research. Findings offer baseline data of CAM use in postpartum women, and health care providers need to understand it when they care for them.
Breast Feeding ; Complementary Therapies* ; Eating ; Education ; Female ; Food, Organic ; Health Personnel ; Humans ; Korea ; Medicine, East Asian Traditional ; Postpartum Period* ; Reference Values ; Weight Gain ; Weight Loss

Background: This study aimed to compare the stress-coping measurement scales used in the nursing field in South Korea through a literature review based on the types of tools assessed, their characteristics, frequency of use, target stress, target population, and coping outcomes. Methods: The data base periodical information academic, Korea citation index, Korean studies information sharing service, Korean medical database, National discovery for science leaders, KoreaMed, National assemble library, and National library of Korea databases were searched for articles related to coping with stress and nursing published between 2009 and 2018 in South Korea. Of the total 1,666 articles searched, 59 articles that were aligned with the study purpose were finally selected after reviewing the original texts and excluding duplicates. Results: The study identified six stress-coping scales used by Korean nurses, among which the ways of coping (WCQ) was the most frequently used. Most of the studies involved nursing students, followed by patients and health workers (nurses and caregivers). Regarding the types of stress, the WCQ was used the most by studies on work-related and daily living stress, followed by those focusing on health-related stress and clinical practice stress. Secondary analysis of WCQ usage showed that 48.5% of the studies interpreted the scale results for individual coping methods, and the remaining 45.5% interpreted the results based on the overall score. Conclusions Researchers need to appropriately use and interpret the results of scales that have been translated into Korean and validated for each situation and participant.

CCL5, a proinflammatory chemokine, has been shown to attenuate angiotensin (Ang) II-induced expression of hypertensive mediators as well as Ang II-induced inhibition of anti-hypertensive mediator expression in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). In the present study, functional roles of CCL5 on hypertension were examined in developing hypertension state SHR (DHSHR). DHSHR at an age of 8 weeks were injected CCL5 (1.5 microg/kg) subcutaneously twice a day for 3 weeks (SHRi, n=5). Control groups consisted of normal age-matched saline-treated SHR (SHRc, n=5) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY, n=5). Effect of CCL5 on blood pressure was measured before treatment, weekly during treatment, and 1 day after the final injection. After injecting for 3 weeks, effects of CCL5 on expression of hypertensive mediators were examined in thoracic aorta tissues and VSMCs. Blood pressure in SHRi was maintained without any elevation during the treatment period, whereas blood pressure in SHRc progressively increased with age. Expression of Ang II subtype I receptor was reduced in SHRi thoracic aorta tissues and VSMCs compared to those in SHRc. In addition, expression levels of hypertensive mediators were significantly reduced in SHRi thoracic aorta tissues and VSMCs compared to those in SHRc. In contrast, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity and interleukin-10 (IL-10) expression were elevated in SHRi thoracic aorta tissues and VSMCs compared to levels in SHRc. These results suggest that reduction of hypertensive mediators and elevation of anti-hypertensive mediators by CCL5 treatment promotes maintenance of blood pressure in DHSHR.
AMP-Activated Protein Kinases ; Angiotensins ; Animals ; Aorta, Thoracic ; Blood Pressure* ; Hypertension* ; Interleukin-10 ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred SHR*

BACKGROUND: There is high interest in a new approach to improve children's lifestyle habits in order to prevent childhood obesity. A smartphone application (app) is a new technology platform that can be used to prevent childhood obesity. METHODS: The key messages for healthy eating habits and physical activities were selected by experts in nutrition, physical activity, and psychology and were adjusted for use in elementary school students. Gamification techniques were used to increase app user engagement. A total of 249 students in grades 4-6 were asked to rate their satisfaction for the app after 4 weeks of use. RESULTS: The main menu of "HAPPY ME" was composed of user profile, "EVERYDAY QUEST," exercise diary, diet diary, settings, and notifications. The app users were asked to complete 6-9 daily missions regarding healthy eating habits and physical activities through "EVERYDAY QUEST." The mean satisfaction scores for each variable were distributed from 3.6 to 4.0 points, and most of the students responded that they would continue to use the app (4.0 points). CONCLUSION: We developed a smartphone app (HAPPY ME) for 4th-6th grade elementary students aimed to provide educational information about healthy eating habits and physical activities in order to prevent childhood.
Child ; Diet ; Eating ; Humans ; Life Style ; Motor Activity ; Pediatric Obesity ; Psychology ; Religious Missions ; Smartphone

BACKGROUND: Fentanyl, which is a potent synthetic micron-opioid receptor agonist, is one of the most widely used opioids in anesthesia and pain control. However, the pharmacodynamics of fentanyl show wide inter-individual variability. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the influence of the blood-brain barrier transporter protein, p-glycoprotein, and micron-opioid receptor genetic polymorphism on fentanyl pharmacodynamics. METHODS: Seventy-nine patients who underwent posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) were included in this study. Postoperatively, the patients received fentanyl via an intravenous patient controlled analgesia device. The cumulative fentanyl doses and other pharmacodynamic data were then recorded at 2 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h and 48 h after the operation. In addition, genomic DNA was isolated from the patient's peripheral leukocytes and then evaluated for the presence of OPRM1 A118G and ABCB1 C3435T genetic polymorphism using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). RESULTS: The results of this study indicated that ABCB1 C3435T genetic polymorphism may be related to the cumulative fentanyl requirement for postoperative pain control. However, these findings were not statistically significant (P = 0.09). In addition, no relationship was observed between OPRM1 A118G and the cumulative postoperative fentanyl requirement. However, the cumulative postoperative fentanyl requirement was lower in the TTAA group (ABCB1 3435 TT, OPRM1 118 AA) than in the CCGG group (ABCB13435 CC, OPRM1 118 GG). CONCLUSIONS: The ABCB1 C3435T polymorphism may affect fentanyl pharmacodynamics. However, further studies are required to confirm the relationship between p-glycoprotein and fentanyl.
Analgesia, Patient-Controlled ; Analgesics, Opioid ; Anesthesia ; Blood-Brain Barrier ; DNA ; Fentanyl ; Humans ; Leukocytes ; P-Glycoprotein ; Pain, Postoperative ; Pharmacogenetics ; Polymorphism, Genetic

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether meconium staining can be the indicator of intrauterine hypoxia by comparing umbilical venous erythropoietin (EPO) concentration and the number of nucleated erythrocytes (NRBC), as a marker of intrauterine hypoxia, between non meconium-stained neonates and meconium-stained neonates of term pregnancy. And to determine correlation between the number of NRBC, EPO levels and interleukin-6 (IL-6), as another mediator of intrauterine hypoxia. METHODS: In 240 neonates with gestational age ranged from 37 to 41 weeks, including 231 cases of nonmeconium-stained neonates and 9 cases of meconium-stained neonates, we performed the measurement of EPO levels by RIA, the number of NRBC per 100 white blood cells (WBC) by blood smear and IL-6 by ELISA in umbilical venous blood at delivery. Statistical analysis was performed by chi-square test, Wilcoxon rank sum test, linear regression analysis using SPSS 11.0 version statistical package. RESULTS: Amniotic fluids of meconium-stained neonates had significantly greater EPO concentrations compared with that of nonmeconium-stained controls (41.3+/-13.0 vs 26.5+/-18.9 mIU/mL, p=0.001). But there were no statistical difference in the number of NRBC, IL-6 levels and hematocrit of umbilical venous blood. The EPO levels in umbilical venous blood was correlated with the number of nucleated erythrocytes (r2=7.7%, p<0.001), and IL-6 in umbilical venous blood was correlated with the number of NRBC. (r2=11.5%, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that meconium-stained amniotic fluid can be associated with fetal hypoxia. And the production of fetal NRBC is thought to be stimulated by EPO and IL-6, but it requires further study of other (yet to be determined) hypoxia-derived mediators.
Amniotic Fluid ; Anoxia ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Erythroblasts ; Erythropoietin* ; Female ; Fetal Hypoxia ; Gestational Age ; Hematocrit ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Interleukin-6 ; Leukocytes ; Linear Models ; Meconium* ; Pregnancy*

Since 2015, the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA) has performed annual qualitative assessments of asthma management provided by all medical institutions that care for asthma patients in Korea. According to the third report of qualitative assessment of asthma management in 2017, the assessment appears to have contributed to improving the quality of asthma care provided by medical institutions, especially primary clinics. However, there is still a gap between the ideal goals of asthma management and actual health care policies/regulations in real clinical settings, which leads to the state of standstill with respect to the quality of asthma management despite considerable efforts such as the qualitative assessment of asthma management by national agencies such as the HIRA. At this point, a harmonized approach is needed to raise the level of asthma management among several components including medical policies, efforts of academic associations such as education and distribution of the guideline for management, and reliable financial support by the government.
Asthma* ; Delivery of Health Care ; Education ; Financial Support ; Humans ; Insurance, Health* ; Korea* ; Physicians, Primary Care

Townes-Brocks syndrome is an uncommon autosomal dominant condition first described by Townes and Brocks in 1972. We experienced a newborn female who presented with clinical findings of Townes-Brocks syndrome in an otherwise unaffected family. The patient showed the full spectrum of anomalies including anterior placed anus, triphalangeal thumb, preaxial polydactyly, pre-auricular tags, microtia without opening, sensorineural hearing loss and unilateral renal agenesis.
Anal Canal ; Female ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Polydactyly ; Thumb