PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship of job stress, depression and to identify factors influencing suicide ideation of women-workers. METHODS: The research was a cross-sectional, descriptive study. Data collection was done using self-report questionnaires with 348 women-workers who agreed to participate in the study. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, chi2-test, logistic regression analysis by using SPSS/WIN 18.0. RESULTS: The results showed, among the independent variables, drinking, job stress, depression are significant factors that influence women-workers' suicide ideation. Women-workers' depression is 3.05 times higher (p<.002), and job stress 1.03 times higher suicide ideation (p<.045), and drinking 2.15 times higher suicidal ideation (p<.006). CONCLUSION: The results indicate that suicide ideation is highly prevalent in women-workers, especially among people with depression and job stress. It is necessary to seek how to prevent and manage womenworkers' suicide ideation considering features.
Data Collection ; Depression* ; Drinking ; Logistic Models ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Suicidal Ideation ; Suicide*

The functioning filtering bleb constructed after trabeculectomy in glaucomatous patient might be fail after cataract operation probably due to transient collapse during cataract extraction and inflammatiry reaction of the filtering bleb which result in unsuccessful intraocular pressure control. To compare if the results were identical in cases with the use of encircling band to enlarge the aqueous absorbing scar tissue to trabeculectomy, intraocular pressure was followed for more than 6 months after cataract extraction and posterior chamber lens implantation in 7 eyes that previously underwent silicone tube insertion with the use of encircling band. There were no cases with increased intraocular pressure needed to control postoperatively. Therefore it could be possible to concluded that inflammatory reaction of the filtering bleb or transient collapse during cataract extraction has no negative influences on intraocular pressure in silicone tube implanted eye using encircling band.

The purpose of this study was to analyse the nutrient intake of the elementary students participating in the School lunch program and to compare the amount of the plate waste generated in two school foodservice operations that were located in an urban(school A) and a rural area(school B), respectively. A plate waste analysis was conducted for each menu item to separate and quantify food waste discarded in service phases of each operation. The SPSS 10.0 for window was used for data analysis. Non-parametric test (Mann-Whitney) was adopted to determine if significant differences existed in amounts of food waste generated in school A and school B. An average of 415 meals, including 43 adult meals, were served daily in school A, while an average of 177 meals, including 24 adult meals, were served daily in school B. Throughout the study the percentage of plate waste in vegetable dishes was high in both school. The food served to the students in school A met most of the RDA set by Korean Nutrition Association except vitamin A, while that served to the students in school B satisfied RDA in all aspects. Between 10-20% of the nutrients served were discarded as plate waste(school A : 11-27%; school B : 5-14%). Students in school B took significantly more niacin than students in school A did. It should be noted, though, that the RDA was still met in both schools except the vitamin A in case of school A, even after considering the plate waste. The research results suggested that school foodservice dieticians should evaluate the acceptability of menu items based on food waste per meal, and help increase the students' awareness of the environmental impact of food waste. Further, teachers, parents and dieticians should be encouraged to provide environmental education to the students that focused on the reduction of food waste.
Adult ; Education ; Humans ; Lunch ; Meals ; Niacin ; Nutritionists ; Nutritive Value* ; Parents ; Statistics as Topic ; Vegetables ; Vitamin A

The objective of the present study was to identify the characteristics of phospholipase C (PLC) isozymes purified from bovine brain and to investigate their interrelationship with G protein. The purified PLC isozymes β, γ and δ were obtained and the characteristics of PLC activity on various concentrations of free Ca²⁺ were observed. The activity of PLC was increased with increasing Ca²⁺ concentration and the activity PLC δ was increased higher in the presence of phosphatidyl choline (PC) than in the absence of PC. For vesicle formation as the structure of cell membrane, cholic acid and deoxycholic acid as detergent on phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate (PIP₂) substrate containing PC were used, and then the activity of PLC isozymes were increased with increasing concentration of cholate, from 0.2% to 1% and were increased slightly in deoxycholate. In the PIP₂ containing phospholipid and glycolipid as brain extract, the activity of PLC isozymes were checked in 0.2-1% cholic acid. The activities of PLC isozymes were continuously increased up to 1% cholic acid. The quantitation of PLC isozymes from several bovine organs by radioimmunoassay was made. Brain was the most sufficient organ in terms of amount of PLC β and δ. A large amount of PLC δ was existed in adrenal gland. The binding capacity of GTPrS and G protein was observed and other observations of the binding effect of GTPrS-G protein and PLC monoclonal Ab-Protein A from tissue homogenate with PLC were made. From the observation the binding capacity was revealed the range of 0.11-1.49%. The effects of each type of G protein on the percent activity of purified PLC isozymes were observed. From the observation, activities of isozymes were increased in Goa & Gmix, and the activities of PLC β and δ were increased in Gβγ and Gia. Activities of PLC β and γ were decreased in Gta but PLC δ increased.
Adrenal Glands ; Brain* ; Cell Membrane ; Cholates ; Cholic Acid ; Choline ; Deoxycholic Acid ; Detergents ; GTP-Binding Proteins* ; Isoenzymes ; Phosphatidylinositols ; Phospholipases* ; Radioimmunoassay ; Type C Phospholipases*

BACKGROUND: Bupivacaine is a amide type local anesthetic agent, widely used for its excellent quality of analgesia and long duration of action. But unintended intravenous injection causes severe complication such as convulsion and cardiovascular collapse, which is known for its difficulty in resuscitation. With all the study, the exact mechanism is still unclear and there are much debate on the method of resuscitation. METHOD: We studied the effect of clonidine pretreatment on bupivacaine-induced cardiac toxicity and resuscitation in anesthetized dog. Twelve dogs were divided into two groups. : saline pretreatment group (control, N=6) and clonidine pretreatment group (clonidine group, N=6). The dogs were anesthetized with N2O-O2-enflurane and vecuronium. Thoracotomy was done in 4th or 5th intercostal space for open cardiac massage. After confirming stability of vital signs, we administered clonidine (10 mcg/kg) or saline, and then administered bupivacaine with the rate of 2 mg/kg/min. When the electeocardiogram showed asystole, 20 mcg/kg of epinephrine was administered via central venous line and open cardiac massage with the rate of 120 beat/min. was performed. We observed electrocardiogram (lead II), arterial blood pressure, heart rate, dose of infused bupivacaine to be required for QRS widening and arrest, required time and administered dose of epinephrine for resuscitation. RESULTS: Clonidine group showed significant decrease of heart rate after pretreatment (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in required dose for QRS widening between two groups. The dose administered for inducing arrest was less in clonidine group than control group (p<0.05). The time required for resuscitation was shorter in clonidine group than control group (p<0.05). The total dose of epinephrine required for resuscitation was less in clonidine group than control group (p<0.05). The blood concentration of catecholamine did not showed significant difference during the whole course of experiment. CONCLUSIONS: Above results demonstrated that clonidine, a central nervous system-mediated sympatholytic agent, facilitated cardiac arrest when bupivacaine was infused intravenously and cardiac rescucitation.
Analgesia ; Animals ; Arterial Pressure ; Bupivacaine ; Clonidine* ; Dogs* ; Electrocardiography ; Epinephrine ; Heart Arrest ; Heart Massage ; Heart Rate ; Injections, Intravenous ; Resuscitation* ; Seizures ; Thoracotomy ; Vecuronium Bromide ; Vital Signs

No abstract available.
Bronchiectasis* ; Child* ; Humans

Intra-abdominal desmoplastic small round cell tumor has been described in the literature since 1989. It is characterized by the occurrence in ages less than 40 with male predominance, an intra-abdominal location, and small round to oval shaped tumor cells with divergent differentiation in the background of the desmoplastic stroma. We recently experienced this tumor in an inguinal lymph node of a 36-year-old man. It is suspected that it metastasized from a lower intra-abdominal tumor. Immunohistochemical stains for keratin, epithelial membrane antigen, vimentin, S-100 protein and neuron specific enolase were positive. This is the first documented case in Korea. Herein, we report on this tumor with a review of literature.
Male ; Humans

No abstract available.
Periodicity* ; Skin*

The spindle and epithelioid cell nevus, is known also as Spitz's nevus or benign juvenile melanoma. The histologic picture of the lesion often closely resembles that of a malignant melanoma, but spindle and epithelioid cell nevus hehaves benignly. Criteria for accurate histological diagnosis of this nevus now exist. However, a difficult lesion occasionally brings one to the worrisome situation even now. We experienced four cases (three children and one adult) of spindle and epithelioid cell neveus with nodular or macular skin lesions. In children (7/F, 9/F, 4/M), all of the lesion show a solitary pinkish red or light brown nodular firm masses, 0.7 cm to 1.0 cm in greatest dimension, which are located at the left posterior thigh, posterior neck and right anterior neck region, respectively. In adult (36/F), the lesion shows a light brown, erythematous macule, 0.8 cm in greatest diameter, in the skin of the back. Microscopically, both spindle and epithelioid cells are found in all the four cases, but epithelioid cells predominate in children and spindle cells predominate in adult.
Child ; Adult ; Male ; Female ; Humans

BACKGROUND: The goal of preoperative screening test is to reduce the perioperative morbidity by patients management in case of abnormal test results. But, in view of the low incidence of perioperative complication in otherwise healthy surgical population and cost of routine preoperative screening tests, further examination of their usefulness is required. METHODS: The charts of 1968 patients performed preoperative screening laboratory tests were reviewed to analyse the results of tests retrospectively. The preoperative screening laboratory tests are hemoglobin, platelet count, bleeding time, prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, chest X-ray, electrocardiography (ECG), liver function test (LFT), urinalysis, BUN and creatinine. In cases of abnormal results obtained, further studies (pulmonary function test (PFT), arterial blood gas analysis (ABGA), 2D- echocardiography, holter ECG, coronary angiography and abdominal sonography) were analysed. RESULTS: The incidence of abnormal results of total preoperative screening test is 4.5%. The incidence of abnormal results of ECG, chest X-ray, LFT, hemoglobin, and others are 8.3%, 7.8%, 3.7%, 2% and less than 1% in order. For further study, PFT was done in 58 patients, ABGA in 72 patients, 2D-echocardiography in 96 patients, and Holter ECG in 6 patients. CONCLUSION: This study has shown that routine preoperative laboratory screening tests provided little information. Therefore, further studies would be necessary to evaluate the cost-benefit of preoperative screening test compared with the other methods such as history taking and physical examinations that is needed little cost.
Bleeding Time ; Blood Gas Analysis ; Coronary Angiography ; Creatinine ; Echocardiography ; Electrocardiography ; Humans ; Incidence ; Liver Function Tests ; Mass Screening* ; Partial Thromboplastin Time ; Physical Examination ; Platelet Count ; Prothrombin Time ; Retrospective Studies ; Thorax ; Urinalysis