PURPOSE: The purpose of this research was to provide baseline data by utilizing solutions to health problems caused by work-related stress and to examine a way of treatment by comparing and analyzing how the stresses link to fatigue and quality of researchers' life. METHODS: A survey was conducted with 50 researchers working for in H research institute in Daejeon Metropolitan City from April 10th to May 10th, 2012 to examine the correlation of work stress, fatigue and quality of life. The data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test to look into examine the difference in work stress, fatigue, and quality of life. Also, the correlation of work stress, fatigue and quality of life was measured through by the Pearson correlation coefficient. The data collected through the questionnaires was were analyzed by SPSS 21.0 based on the significant level with a p-value, 0.05. RESULTS: The results showed that fatigue was caused by work stresses in researchers and quality of life was ranked in a relatively low level. Correlation of work stresses, quality of life and fatigue and work stresses against mental health index was negative and fatigue against physical index was also negative. CONCLUSION: It is necessary to maintain more detailed provisions in order to improve mental health and stress level of researchers. Moreover, systematic, in-depth evaluation should be done to reduce researcher's work-related stress and fatigue. In addition, stress management and prevention program should be implemented for these researchers.
Academies and Institutes ; Fatigue* ; Humans ; Mental Health ; Quality of Life* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Research Personnel

No abstract available.
Lymphoma*

BACKGROUND: The aims of this study were to analyze the anatomic variations of supraorbital foramina/notches in Koreans and to compare the results with those of previous studies examining other races. We evaluated the three-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT) images of human faces using multidetector computed tomography (MDCT). METHODS: A total of 395 adults (232 men and 163 women) were enrolled and the 3D-CT images of their faces were reviewed in this study. In this study, the data from the images included the presence, shape, width and distance from the nasion to the supraorbital foramina/notches. ANOVA was used to assess the main effects of gender and side (right or left foramen/notch), and comparisons of the means were done by paired t-test. RESULTS: The most common shapes in Koreans were a single notch (39.5%) on the right hand side and a single foramen (42.3%) on the left hand side. The incidence of a single foramen in Koreans was high compared to other races. The mean foramen diameter was 2.34 +/- 0.78 mm, and the mean distance from the nasion was 27.19 +/- 4.03 mm. The mean notch diameter was 3.37 +/- 1.71 mm, and the mean distance from the nasion was 23.42 +/- 2.45 mm. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study on the variations of supraorbital foramina/notches in Koreans using 3D-CT images of faces. The anatomic characteristics of the supraorbital foramina/notch will help in performing nerve blocks and maxillofacial surgery.
Adult ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Continental Population Groups ; Hand ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Multidetector Computed Tomography ; Nerve Block ; Surgery, Oral

No abstract available.
Hepatolenticular Degeneration*

This statistical analysis of 4,709 legal autopsies performed in Korea in 2012 was conducted to obtain primary data about and related variables. The analysis revealed the following: 1. Of the total number of deaths, men accounted for and women, 26.8%. Evidently, the number of deaths among men was more than twice that among women. 2. With respect to mode of death, 54.8% were recorded as unnatural deaths, 39.2% were natural deaths, and 6.0% had unknown causes. Of the 2,581 unnatural deaths, 44.8% were accidental deaths; 27.2%, suicidal; 17.5%, homicidal; and 10.3%, undetermined. 3. Of the total number of unnatural deaths, 43.0% were trauma-related deaths, for which falling down was the leading cause, accounting for 33.5% cases. Asphyxiation was accounted for 17.2%, among which the predominant cause was hanging (55.3%). Moreover, 12.5% of deaths were due to drowning; 11.5%, poisoning; 11.2%, thermal injuries; 2.7%, complications in medical procedures; and 0.3%, electrocution, starvation, or neglect. 4. Among 1,847 natural deaths, heart diseases accounted for 50.2% and vascular diseases accounted for 16.7%. 5. There were 207 cases of deaths among children under the age of 10, of which 94 were unnatural and 49 were homicidal deaths. Of all cases, 9.2% had an unknown cause of death, and of these 67.6%, were putrefied or skeletonized bodies.
Autopsy* ; Cause of Death ; Child ; Drowning ; Female ; Heart Diseases ; Humans ; Korea* ; Male ; Poisoning ; Skeleton ; Starvation ; Vascular Diseases

Clear cell sarcoma of kidney(CCSK) is a rare pediatric neoplasm characterized by a predominating component of clear cells, a predilection for metastases to bone, and a poor prognosis. The incidence of CCSK peaks during the 2nd year of life and adult cases are very rare. We report a case of CCSK encountered in the right kidney of a 39-year-old man. Grossly, it was a lobulated mass showing infiltrative margin, measured 7x5.5x5cm and had a homogeneous gray-tan color with a soft, fish-flesh consistency. Microscopically, about half of the tumor revealed the classic pattern of CCSK, having tumor cell cords or nests separated by the characteristic alveolar capillary networks. The tumor cells had clear pale cytoplasm, bland looking round nuclei and inconspicuous nucleoli. The other half showed the epithelioid-trabecular pattern forming pseudorosette or cord-like structures. Immunohistochemically, there was only a focal positive reaction to vimentin. Ultrastructurally, the tumor cells showed the primitive nephrogenic mesenchymal differentiation such as electron lucent cytoplasm, a small amount of organelles, scanty heterochromatin, inconspicuous nucleoli, and a lack of flocculant basal lamina material around the cytoplasmic membrane. We consider that this is a case of CCSK occuring in the oldest patient ever reported, confirmed by both immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy.
Adult ; Male ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Neoplasm Metastasis

No abstract available.
Humans

OBJECTIVES: Cognitive impairment often occurs with geriatric depression, and may persist despite remission of depression. The authors investigated change of cognitive functions in geriatric depression according to time interval to identify whether cognitive impairment may persist or not. METHODS: At baseline and 1 year follow-up, total 88 non-demented participants living in the asylum for the aged had a clinical examination that included depression assessment (SGDS-K : Short Geriatric Depression Scale of Korean version) and neuropsychological test (frontal lobe function test and CERAD-K : the Korean version of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease). We divided the elderly into two groups (depressed : 27, non-depressed : 61) and evaluated the differences in change of cognitive functions. RESULTS: Depressed group had lower scores on the word delayed recall test and construction recall test than non-depressed group at one-year follow-up. Except executive function, there was no significant difference in cognitive change between two groups according to time interval. CONCLSION: These results support previous observations that cognitive impairment in geriatric depression may persist, especially in the executive function. Timely identification of executive function of depressed older adults may lead to coping strategies that will improve the prognosis of geriatric depression.
Adult ; Aged ; Depression* ; Executive Function ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Humans ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Prognosis

OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to investigate the efficacy in the combination of haloperidol and clonidine with chronic schizophrenia. Moreover, we evaluated the effects of clonidine to the plasma haolperidol and reduced haloperidol concentration 36 patiens were entered on 4 weeks by the double blind trial. METHOD: The patients (male=11, female=25) were randomly divided into two groups of eighteen patients each. Their antipsychotic medication was fixed for 2 weeks before double blind trial with haloperidol and clonidine or placebo. Clonidine was started at 0.15 mg/day and then raised 0.6mg/day during 4 days, and the placebo was applied by same method as clonidine. The clinical assessment of the patients was assessed with BPRS and NOSIE. The plasma concentrations of haloperidol and reduced haloperidol were measured by HPLC (UV detector). RESULTS: 1) There were no statistical differences in sex distribution, age, duration of illness, dosages of haloperidol, plasma concentration of haloperidol and reduced haloperidol of each groups before clonidine or placebo trial. 2) On total and subcluster scores of BPRS and total score of NOSIE, there were decreased tendencies over the time, but there was no statistical significance in both groups. 3) Plasma concentrations of haloperidol and reduced haloperidol after 4 weeks of clonidine trial were revealed statistically significant increasement as compared to baseline. CONCLUSION: The combination of haloperidol and clonidine for 4 weeks did not reveal the improvement. In our opinions the reasons of those results were that our samples were not made of paranoid type of schizophrenia, the duration of clonidine trial was not good enough. So we should suggest that more specifying design will be needed.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Clonidine* ; Haloperidol* ; Humans ; Norepinephrine ; Plasma ; Schizophrenia* ; Sex Distribution

No abstract available.
Neuroblastoma*