We have studied the genetic differences among four isolates of Trichinella including a new strain of Trichinella spiralis (ISS 623) recently found from a human case who took a badger in Korea. Because they have a different host origin and came from geographically separated regions, we supposed the genetic pattern of the isolates might be different as had been previously reported. It was analysed by PCR-RFLP analysis of the rDNA repeat that can readily distinguish a species or strain from others. Isolated genomic DNA of each isolate of Trichinella larvae was amplified with ITS1 specific primers and digested with restriction endonucleases. The PCR product of ITS1 was confirmed using Southern blot analysis to be a 910 bp fragment. The restriction fragments of each isolate had variable patterns when it was digested with Rsa 1 only. According to the RFLP patterns, the estimated genetic divergence between each isolate was different. In conclusion, four isolates of Trichinella including a new strain of T. spiralis obtained from a Korean patient may have genetic differences in the ITS1 region and the Shanghai isolate was genetically more similar to the Japanese unknown isolate than others in the ITS1 region.
Animals ; *DNA, Helminth ; *DNA, Ribosomal ; Human ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Trichinella spiralis/*genetics/isolation & purification

Nowadays administration of bone marrow transplantation is increasing state by developing society and high leukemia incidence. Decrease of relapse and infection rate result from chemo therapy drug development of treatment and strength. So we look for continuos development of treatment. But through before and after BMT, it takes several months by planing and HLA typing matching possibility of BMT. Also, it takes one or two month by duration of BMT and discharge. During BMT, patients experience emotional change-suggering, anxiety, depression and so on-due to changed body image and strictly isolation in special facility. After BMT, the patients also experience stress such as conditions self-care, support from family, concern of relapse risk and so far enlarge mental, economic and physical change surrounding them due to high cost. Accordingly nurses are required high quality of nursing attentive assesment, understanding of patient's environment and consideration, and teaching in administrative work. The study is attempted to establish nursing theory patients' experience in BMT treatment. Research method followed grounded theory methodology by strauss & Corbin. Subjects were 1 adolescent including highschool patient and 6 adults. This study continued from February 1996 through August 1996. All of these subjects were interviewed by this author. Interview were done by long interview technique and observation. Each interview took 1 hour to 2 hours Content of interview was recorded and transcribed later. The data thus collected were analyzed immediately after interviews and fed into the next round of interviews until the data collection reaches the saturation point. In the process of data analysis, "Terribleness" or "Miserableness" was found to be the core phenomenon. Results were composed to 103 concepts. These concepts were grouped into twenty four categories, and then to eleven categories. Categories include "physical burden", "economic burden", "mental distressing", "heartbreaking", "being gloomy", "horror", "being crushed", "feel oppressed", "being exhausted", "family dependent", "support", "previous data for procedure", "inclination", "exploding", "sharing", "mitigation", "bracing oneself", "becoming attached", "dependence", "thanks", "anxiety", and "abandonment". Patients with bone marrow transplantation were revealed to face "terribleness". Terribleness is found to be progressed through the cycle production-coping-solution. Fourteen hypotheses were derived from the integration of categories as follows ; (1) The stronger the term of suffering as perceived by the subjects, the stronger the "terribleness" will be. (2) The more excessive the degree of suffering as perceived by the subjects, the more excessive the "terribleness" will be. (3) If subjects have family dependent "terribleness" is expressed with abusement. (4) If subjects have no family dependent, "terribleness" will be expressed with exposure and suppressing. (5) The more abundant the sufficient support, "terribleness" will be expressed with exposure and suppressing. (6) The less abundant the sufficient support, "terribleness" will be expressed with abusement. (7) The more abundant the previous data, "terribleness" will be expressed with exposure and suppressing. (8) The less abundant the pervious data, "terribleness" will be expressed with abusement. (9) The more introvert the subject's inclination, "terribleness" will be expressed with exposure and suppressing. (10) The more extrovert the subject's inclination, "terribleness" will be expressed with abusement. (11) The more excessive the degree of "terribleness" will be expressed with abusement. (12) The less excessive the degree of "terribleness" it will be expressed with exposure and suppressing. (13) The more expressive the abusment, "terribleness" will be solved despair. (14) The more expressive the exposure and suppressing, "terribleness" will be solved with expectation. On the basis of the patterns that have the four these below were confirmed. 1. If patients felt large amount of terribleness because of severe suffering, they had family dependent. insufficient support, no previous data and their inclination was extrovert, "terribleness" is solved despair with abusement. 2. If patients felt large amount of terrible because of severe suffering family dependent, sufficient support, pervious data, and their inclination was introvert, "terribleness" is solved expectation with suppressing and exposure. 3. If patients felt small amount of terribleness because of little suffering, no family dependent, insufficient support, no previous data, and their inclination was extrovert, "terribleness" is solved despair with abusement. 4. If patients felt small amount of terribleness because of little suffering, no family dependent, sufficient support, previous data, and their inclination was introvert, "terribleness" is solved expectation with exposure and suppressing. On the basis of the above result, in orer to help nurses take good care of their patient, and understands patient's inclination and background, nursing assessment and intervention on life readjustment, and getting support should be required. It is expected that theoretical framework provided by this study, which shows how "terribleness" products, changes, increases and decrease. Therefore public relations, education, counseling emotional support, understanding inclination and exchange of information will have to be accomplished.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Anxiety ; Body Image ; Bone Marrow Transplantation* ; Bone Marrow* ; Counseling ; Depression ; Education ; Equidae ; Histocompatibility Testing ; Humans ; Incidence ; Leukemia ; Nursing ; Nursing Assessment ; Nursing Theory ; Public Relations ; Recurrence ; Self Care ; Statistics as Topic ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Stress distribution on mandibular implants supporting overdentures were registered in vitro experimental model by means of 4 rosette gauges which were placed around the implant. The overdenture attachments used in this study were the Resilient Dolder bar, Rigid Dolder bar, Round bar, Hader bar&Dal-Ro attachment. An occlusal jig was placed on the overdenture and the loading sites were 3 points which mimicked working, balancing, and median relations. With 5 and 10kg loading, strains were measured by strain indicator(P-3500, Measurement group, Raleigh, USA), and using these data, maximum and minimum principal stresses and Von Mises stress were calculated and evaluated. The results were as follows: There was a tendency of high stress concentration in the lingual side of the implant, and in the buccal side low stress was developed regardless of the attachment systems. The resilient Dolder bar concentrated highest stress among the attachment systems, and the Round bar and the Dal-Ro attachment provided comparatively low stresses around the implant. The rigid Dolder bar concentrated high stress in the mesial side, and the Dal-Ro attachment developed tensile stress patterns in the lingual and distal sides of the implant at the balancing relation.
Denture, Overlay* ; Models, Theoretical

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: As the effects of the various diameters of fixture and abutment screw on stress distribution was not yet examined, this study focused on the different design of single implant restoration using three dimensional finite element analysis. PURPOSE: This study was to compare five different fixture-abutment combinations for single implant supported restorations with different fixture and abutment screw diameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The five kinds of finite element models were designed by 3 diameter fixtures (O/ 3.3, 3.75, 5.0 mm) with 3 different abutment screws (O/ 1.5, 1.7, 2.0 mm). The crown for mandibular first molar was made using UCLA abutment according to Wheeler's anatomy. 244 N was applied at the central fossa with two different loading directions, vertically and obliquely (30degrees) and at the buccal cusp vertically. Maximum von Mises stresses were recorded and compared in the supporting bone, crowns, fixtures, and abutment screws. RESULTS: 1. The stresses in supporting bone and implant-abutment structure under oblique loading were greater than those under vertical or offset loading. The stresses under vertical loading were the least among 3 loading conditions regardless of the implant and abutment screw diameters. 2. The stresses in the narrow implants were greater than the wider implants. The narrow implant with narrow abutment screw showed highest stresses in the lingual crest, but the narrow implant with standard abutment screw showed highest stress in abutment screw. 3. The stresses of abutment screws were influenced by the diameter of fixtures and loading conditions. The wide implants showed least difference between two different abutment screw diameters. CONCLUSIONS: The wide implants showed lesser stresses than the narrow implants and affected least by the different abutment screw diameters. The narrow implants with standard abutment screw showed highest stresses in the lingual bony crest under oblique loading.
Crowns ; Finite Element Analysis ; Molar

Peritoneal tuberculosis is a disease rarely seen nowadays. Its symptoms are easy fatigue, abdominal distension, intermittent abdominal pain and ascites. Its onset is insidious, which si-mulates symptoms of peritonitis or carcinomatosis. Peritoneal tuberculosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis when a Patient's symptoms and signs are ascites, ovarian tumor, vague abdominal pain and abdominal distension with high serum level of CA 125, an antigenic determinant of epithelial ovarian cancers. We have recently experienced a case of peritoneal tuberculosis with markedly elevated serum level of CA 125 in 54 year-old woman and report our case with a brief review of the literature.
Abdominal Pain ; Ascites ; Carcinoma ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Fatigue ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; Peritonitis ; Peritonitis, Tuberculous*

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Metabolic syndrome and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) are known to be strong predictors of coronary atherosclerosis. Even though there have been many observations and much research concerning the association of coronary atherosclerosis with CRP and metabolic syndrome, certain problems still need to be resolved in order to produce clear mechanistic illustrations. Therefore, the correlations of metabolic syndrome, hs-CRP and the severity of coronary atherosclerosis were evaluated herein. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: 271 patients, aged between 29 and 87, who had undergone diagnostic coronary angiograms at the National Medical Center, between January, 2004 and June, 2006 were evaluated. Coronary angiograms were performed in patients who complained of typical chest pain and had risk factors associated with coronary atherosclerosis. The correlations of metabolic syndrome, hs-CRP and coronary atherosclerosis were analyzed in these patients. RESULTS: Positive relationships were found between the metabolic syndrome risk factor clustering and an increased level of hs-CRP (p<0.01). The severity of coronary atherosclerosis increased with the increasing number of metabolic syndrome risk factors. As metabolic syndrome risk factor clustering increased, the quantity of 1, 2 and 3 vessel diseases also increased (Odd ratios 1.61, 1.83 and 2.50; p=0.001, <0.001 and <0.001, respectively). In contrast to metabolic syndrome risk factor clustering, no definite relationship between the hs-CRP level and the severity of coronary atherosclerosis was observed. CONCLUSION: The more metabolic syndrome risk factors clustered, the greater the severity of coronary atherosclerosis. The extension of coronary atherosclerosis maybe predicted using evaluation of metabolic syndrome risk factor clustering in patients with angina.
C-Reactive Protein ; Chest Pain ; Cluster Analysis* ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Artery Disease* ; Humans ; Metabolic Syndrome X ; Risk Factors*

Regional anesthesia for Cesarean section is a popular anesthetic method and a subarachnoid injection of local anesthetics provides rapid onset and a reliable block. Furthermore, it maintains airway reflexes and consciousness of the parturient and is associated with less neonatal depression. Complications related with spinal anesthesia are most often postdural puncture headache, back pain, hematoma, abscess, paresthesia or motor weakness and very rarely, myoclonus. Generalized seizures as a complication following epidural anesthesia with bupivacaine has been reported, but rarely following spinal anesthesia. We present a case of a parturient who was well antenatally, but presented with generalized tonic-clonic seizures following delivery. Although the possible etiologic factors of these transient seizures after spinal anesthesia are difficult to clarify, we emphasize that careful airway monitoring after regional anesthesia is important.
Abscess ; Anesthesia, Conduction ; Anesthesia, Epidural ; Anesthesia, Spinal ; Anesthetics, Local ; Back Pain ; Bupivacaine ; Cesarean Section ; Consciousness ; Depression ; Female ; Hematoma ; Myoclonus ; Paresthesia ; Post-Dural Puncture Headache ; Pregnancy ; Reflex ; Seizures

OBJECTIVE: Notochordal cells in the intervertebral disc interact with nucleus pulposus (NP) cells and support the maintenance of disc homeostasis by regulation of matrix production. However, the influence of notochordal cells has not been evaluated in the annulus fibrosus (AF), which is the primary pain generator in the disc. We hypothesized that the notochordal cell has the capacity to modulate inflammatory mediators secreted by AF cells secondary to stimulation. METHODS: Notochordal and AF cells were isolated from adult New Zealand white rabbits. AF pellets were cultured with notochordal cell clusters or in notochordal cell-conditioned media (NCCM) for 24 or 48 hours with proinflammatory cytokines at varying concentrations. Gene expression in AF pellets were assayed for nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclo-oxygenase (COX)-2, and interleukin (IL)-6 by real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS: AF pellet in NCCM significantly decreased the iNOS and COX-2 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) levels compared to AF pellets alone and AF pellets with notochordal cells (p < 0.05). AF pellet resulted in dose-dependent iNOS and COX-2 expression in response to IL-1beta, stimulation, demonstrating that 1 ng/ml for 24 hours yielded a maximal response. AF pellet in NCCM significantly decreased the expression of iNOS and COX-2 in response to 1ng/ml IL-1beta, stimulation at 24 hours (p < 0.05). There was no difference in IL-6 expression compared to AF pellets alone or AF pellets with notochordal cell clusters. CONCLUSION: We conclude that soluble factors from notochordal cells mitigate the gene expression of inflammatory mediators in stimulated AF, as expected after annular injury, suggesting that notochordal cells could serve as a novel therapeutic approach in symptomatic disc development.
Adult ; Cytokines ; Gene Expression ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Interleukin-6 ; Interleukins ; Intervertebral Disc ; Nitric Oxide Synthase ; Notochord ; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases ; Rabbits ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA

Acyclovir is an anti-viral nucleoside analogue that was discovered in 1972. Since it was put to use in clinical practice, some adverse events had been reported. Renal dysfunction and disturbance of central nervous system are the two major adverse effects. A 60-year-old man who was being treated with peritoneal dialysis was admitted for sudden onset of sensory-neural hearing loss. A 67-year-old man who was being treated with hemodialysis was also admitted for Bell's palsy. After two days of treatment with intravenous acyclovir and oral prednisolone, they had hallucinations, myoclonus, disoriented mentality and agitation. Furthermore, the latter had stupor. We did some laboratory examination, brain MRI and electroencephalography (EEG), but there was no cause for neurologic abnormality. In the clinical suspicion of acyclovir neurotoxicity, we discontinued acyclovir and went on dialysis therapy. They fully recovered after several days. Our cases further reinforces the claim that the dose of acyclovir should be reduced in patients with renal failure and dialysis is a good form of treatment for overdosage.
Acyclovir ; Aged ; Bell Palsy ; Brain ; Central Nervous System ; Dialysis ; Dihydroergotamine ; Electroencephalography ; Hallucinations ; Hearing Loss ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Myoclonus ; Peritoneal Dialysis ; Prednisolone ; Renal Dialysis ; Renal Insufficiency ; Stupor

Purpose: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors lower blood glucose levels and enhance the function of pancreatic βcells. Yet, it is unknown whether posttransplant administration of DPP4 inhibitors is beneficial for pancreas transplant recipients. Methods: We thus retrospectively analyzed the records of 312 patients who underwent pancreas transplantation between 2000 and 2018 at Asan Medical Center (Seoul, Korea) and compared the metabolic and survival outcomes according to DPP-4 inhibitor treatment. Results: The patients were divided into the no DPP-4 inhibitor group (n = 165; no treatment with DPP-4 inhibitors or treated for <1 month) and the DPP-4 inhibitor group (n = 147; treated with DPP-4 inhibitors for ≥1 month). There were no significant differences in levels of glucose, hemoglobin A1c, and insulin between the 2 groups during 36 months of follow-up. However, the level of C-peptide was significantly higher in the DPP-4 inhibitor group at 1, 6, and 24 months posttransplant (all P < 0.05). Moreover, the DPP-4 inhibitor group had significantly higher rates of overall (log-rank test, P = 0.009) and death-censored (log-rank test, P = 0.036) graft survival during a 15-year follow-up. Conclusion Posttransplant DPP-4 inhibitor administration may help improve the clinical outcomes including β cell function after pancreas transplantation.