OBJECTIVES: This study was performed to investigate the relationship between age of onset in late-life depression and T2 hyperintensities observed in the brain MRI, we tried to see part of pathophysiology of late-life depression. METHOD: The subjects consisted of 18 patients whose first depressive episode occurred before age 50, and 20 patients whose first depressive episode occurred after age 50 years, and 20 agematched controls. Depressive patients were diagnosed according to DSM-IV. Established hyperintensity rating systems were used to analyse the T2 weighted images and blood pressure, cholesterol level, DM, EKG were measured to compare the relationships. RESULTS: 1) Signal hyperintensities on T2 weighted image were more severe in late-life depressive patients whose first depressive episode after age 50 (p<0.05) and there is no significant difference between patients whose first episode before age 50 and age-matched control subjects. 2) Mild signal hyperintensities were observed in all elderly depressed patients and control subjects, but severe hyperintensities were observed in late-onset depression. 3) Signal hyperintensities were related to age, hypertension, blood cholesterol level (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The late onset depressive patients had more white matter hyperintensities on T2 weighted image than early onset depressive patients. this results support previous hypothesis that white matter change is the important biological factor of late-onset elderly depression and old age, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia may be associated with signal hyperintensities.
Age of Onset ; Aged ; Biological Factors ; Blood Pressure ; Brain* ; Cholesterol ; Depression ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Electrocardiography ; Humans ; Hypercholesterolemia ; Hypertension ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging*

A wide range of denomination has been used for inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT). IMT is not entirely homogeneous, even though it shows some overlapping histologic features such as haphazard proliferation of spindle cell and polymorphic chronic inflammatory cell infiltraion. The spindle cell is considered to be of myofibroblastic origin but follicular dendritic cell origin was reported recently. IMT is known as nonneoplastic, aberrant inflammatory response. However, IMT could show local invasion, recurrence, vascular invasion, and malignant transformation, and clonal characteristics and aneuploidy of IMT support the hypothesis that IMT may be a neoplastic process. In order to define the nature of spindle cell of IMT, immunohistochemical stains for smooth muscle actin (SMA), vimentin (VMT), lysozyme, S-100 protein, cytokeratin, CD21 were done. Additional immunohistochemical stains for MIB-1 for proliferating activity and LMP (latent membrane protein) for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) were done. IMTs were composed of each 2 cases from lung, liver and lymph node and one case from common bile duct, maxillary sinus, bladder and thigh, and were histologically subclassified according to Coffin et al. Nine cases (90%) were positive for SMA and VMT, but no correlation between SMA and VMT immunoreactivity and histologic types was identified. Five cases (50%) were positive for lysozyme and S-100 protein, and histologic type III was negative for lysozyme and S-100 protein, and immunoreactivity for S-100 protein was different according to the histologic subtypes. All 11 cases were negative for CD21 and EBV LMP. MIB-1 labelling index was less than 1% in all cases. In summary, the spindle cell is regarded as myofibroblastic origin rather than follicular dendritic cell origin. Relationship with EBV is not clear, and negligible MIB-1 reaction suggests that IMT might have a good prognosis.
Actins ; Aneuploidy ; Coloring Agents ; Common Bile Duct ; Dendritic Cells, Follicular ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; Immunohistochemistry ; Keratins ; Liver ; Lung ; Lymph Nodes ; Maxillary Sinus ; Membranes ; Muramidase ; Muscle, Smooth ; Myofibroblasts* ; Prognosis ; Recurrence ; S100 Proteins ; Thigh ; Urinary Bladder ; Vimentin

No abstract available.
Aneurysm, Infected* ; Endocarditis* ; Mesenteric Artery, Superior*

No abstract available.
Epidemiology*

Breast density is an independent risk factor for breast cancer, although variability exists in measurements. This study sought to evaluate the agreement between radiologists and automated breast density assessment software and assess the impact of breast density measures on breast cancer risk estimates using the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium (BCSC) model (v.2). A retrospective database search identified women who had undergone mammography between December 2021 and June 2022. The Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) breast composition index assigned by a radiologist (R) was recorded and analyzed using three commercially available software programs (S1, S2, and S3). The agreement rate and Cohen’s kappa (κ) were used to evaluate inter-rater agreements concerning breast density measures. The 5-year risk of invasive breast cancer in women was calculated using the BCSC model (v.2) with breast density inputs from various density estimation methods. Absolute differences in risk between various density measurements were evaluated. Overall, 1,949 women (mean age, 53.2 years) were included. The inter-rater agreement between R, S1, and S2 was 75.0–75.6%, while that between S3 and the others was 60.2%–63.3%. Kappa was substantial between R, S1, and S2 (0.66–0.68), and moderate (0.49–0.50) between S3 and the others. S3 placed fewer women in mammographic density d (14.9%) than R, S1, and S2 (40.5%–44.0%). In BCSC risk assessment (v.2), S3 assessed fewer women with a high 5-year risk of invasive breast cancer than the other methods, resulting in an absolute difference of 0% between R, S1, and S2 in 75.0%–75.6% of cases, whereas the difference between S3 and the other methods occurs in 60.2%–63.3% of cases. Breast density assessment using various methods showed moderate-to-substantial agreement, potentially affecting risk assessments. Precise and consistent breast density measurements may lead to personalized and effective strategies for breast cancer prevention.

Breast density is an independent risk factor for breast cancer, although variability exists in measurements. This study sought to evaluate the agreement between radiologists and automated breast density assessment software and assess the impact of breast density measures on breast cancer risk estimates using the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium (BCSC) model (v.2). A retrospective database search identified women who had undergone mammography between December 2021 and June 2022. The Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) breast composition index assigned by a radiologist (R) was recorded and analyzed using three commercially available software programs (S1, S2, and S3). The agreement rate and Cohen’s kappa (κ) were used to evaluate inter-rater agreements concerning breast density measures. The 5-year risk of invasive breast cancer in women was calculated using the BCSC model (v.2) with breast density inputs from various density estimation methods. Absolute differences in risk between various density measurements were evaluated. Overall, 1,949 women (mean age, 53.2 years) were included. The inter-rater agreement between R, S1, and S2 was 75.0–75.6%, while that between S3 and the others was 60.2%–63.3%. Kappa was substantial between R, S1, and S2 (0.66–0.68), and moderate (0.49–0.50) between S3 and the others. S3 placed fewer women in mammographic density d (14.9%) than R, S1, and S2 (40.5%–44.0%). In BCSC risk assessment (v.2), S3 assessed fewer women with a high 5-year risk of invasive breast cancer than the other methods, resulting in an absolute difference of 0% between R, S1, and S2 in 75.0%–75.6% of cases, whereas the difference between S3 and the other methods occurs in 60.2%–63.3% of cases. Breast density assessment using various methods showed moderate-to-substantial agreement, potentially affecting risk assessments. Precise and consistent breast density measurements may lead to personalized and effective strategies for breast cancer prevention.

Breast density is an independent risk factor for breast cancer, although variability exists in measurements. This study sought to evaluate the agreement between radiologists and automated breast density assessment software and assess the impact of breast density measures on breast cancer risk estimates using the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium (BCSC) model (v.2). A retrospective database search identified women who had undergone mammography between December 2021 and June 2022. The Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) breast composition index assigned by a radiologist (R) was recorded and analyzed using three commercially available software programs (S1, S2, and S3). The agreement rate and Cohen’s kappa (κ) were used to evaluate inter-rater agreements concerning breast density measures. The 5-year risk of invasive breast cancer in women was calculated using the BCSC model (v.2) with breast density inputs from various density estimation methods. Absolute differences in risk between various density measurements were evaluated. Overall, 1,949 women (mean age, 53.2 years) were included. The inter-rater agreement between R, S1, and S2 was 75.0–75.6%, while that between S3 and the others was 60.2%–63.3%. Kappa was substantial between R, S1, and S2 (0.66–0.68), and moderate (0.49–0.50) between S3 and the others. S3 placed fewer women in mammographic density d (14.9%) than R, S1, and S2 (40.5%–44.0%). In BCSC risk assessment (v.2), S3 assessed fewer women with a high 5-year risk of invasive breast cancer than the other methods, resulting in an absolute difference of 0% between R, S1, and S2 in 75.0%–75.6% of cases, whereas the difference between S3 and the other methods occurs in 60.2%–63.3% of cases. Breast density assessment using various methods showed moderate-to-substantial agreement, potentially affecting risk assessments. Precise and consistent breast density measurements may lead to personalized and effective strategies for breast cancer prevention.

Purpose: Although interest in various forms of learning media is increasing due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic there is relatively little research on influencing student motivation by intervening in cognitive processing. The purpose of this study was to present the optimal form of learning materials provided to medical students. Methods: This study provided learning materials in class at a level according to social cues (script, video [artificial intelligence (AI) voice], video [professor voice]) based on the principle of voices among the principles of personalization, voices, image, and embodiment of social cues in multimedia learning, and surveyed students’ opinions. Results: There was no statistically significant difference according to social clues in satisfaction and learning help, but both appeared in the order of silent videos containing the professor’s voice, followed by videos containing the AI voice. Conclusion This study is significant in that there is no research on the impact of student motivation on the provision of learning materials for medical school education in Korea, and we hope that it will help provide learning materials for self-directed learning of medical students in the post-COVID-19.

We had experienced a case of congenital lobar emphysema in a 3 months old male infant. Chief symptoms included tachypenea, respiratory difficulty, cyanosis, Chest X-ray or chest CT scan revealed extensive emphysematous changes of the right upper and middle lobes, compression of the right lower lobe and shifted of mediastinum to the left side. This condition was appeared in the absence of infection and foreign body in the bronchus and its failure to respond to conservative treatment. This patient was treated by the right upper and right middle lobes pneumonectomy. A brief review of literature was made.
Bronchi ; Cyanosis ; Emphysema* ; Foreign Bodies ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Mediastinum ; Pneumonectomy ; Thorax ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

The preservation of fertility in female cancer survivors has become an important health issue. The different cryopreservation options available for fertility preservation are embryo, oocyte, and ovarian tissue cryopreservation. Oocyte cryopreservation is available for women without partners, but there is a limited experience with this technique and the pregnancy rate is still low. In spite of recent reports of successful birth after autotransplantation of cryopreserved-thawed human ovarian cortical tissues, clinical experience is also limited and this technique remains still experimental. Whole ovary cryopreservation itself poses several challenges. Further researches for establishing optimal cryopreservation and thawing protocols and increasing post-thawing survival, pregnancy, and delivery rates are necessary. In this article, the strategies for fertility preservation in cancer survivors are discussed. The different options and their results are discussed, as well as their indications, efficacy and ethical issues.
Cryopreservation ; Embryonic Structures ; Female ; Fertility ; Fertility Preservation ; Humans ; Oocytes ; Ovary ; Parturition ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Rate ; Survivors