PURPOSE: To characterize MR findings of meniscal cysts of the knee. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed knee MR images of surgically confirmed eighteen meniscal cysts. The location and shape of meniscal cysts were evaluated. RESULTS: Six of 18 cases were medial meniscal cysts and 12 of 18 cases were lateral meniscal cysts. Horizontal tears were present in all cases(100%). Four of 18 cases had rounded cysts and 14 of 18 cases had elongated cysts. In 3 of 6 medial meniscal cysts, cysts had dissected into the soft tissues distant from the meniscus, and connecting stalks were visualized. Three of 6 medial meniscal cysts were located adjacent to a meniscal tear. All of the lateral meniscal cysts occurred immediately adjacent to the meniscal tear. CONCLUSION: Meniscal cysts are associated with horizontal meniscal tear. The shapes of meniscal cysts tend to be elongated rather than rounded. Medial meniscal cysts occurred distant from or adjacent to the meniscal tear according to location of the tear. Lateral meniscal cysts occurred adjacent to the meniscal tear.
Knee ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: To characterize MR findings of meniscal cysts of the knee. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed knee MR images of surgically confirmed eighteen meniscal cysts. The location and shape of meniscal cysts were evaluated. RESULTS: Six of 18 cases were medial meniscal cysts and 12 of 18 cases were lateral meniscal cysts. Horizontal tears were present in all cases(100%). Four of 18 cases had rounded cysts and 14 of 18 cases had elongated cysts. In 3 of 6 medial meniscal cysts, cysts had dissected into the soft tissues distant from the meniscus, and connecting stalks were visualized. Three of 6 medial meniscal cysts were located adjacent to a meniscal tear. All of the lateral meniscal cysts occurred immediately adjacent to the meniscal tear. CONCLUSION: Meniscal cysts are associated with horizontal meniscal tear. The shapes of meniscal cysts tend to be elongated rather than rounded. Medial meniscal cysts occurred distant from or adjacent to the meniscal tear according to location of the tear. Lateral meniscal cysts occurred adjacent to the meniscal tear.
Knee ; Retrospective Studies

No abstract available.
Cytomegalovirus Infections* ; Cytomegalovirus*

No abstract available.
Adenoma* ; Toes*

PURPOSE: We reviewed all the articles on effect of smoking cessation intervention to find out the way of improvement of it. METHOD: 48 researches were published in Korean journals from 1980 to 2007. The research were analyzed according to: major of first author, subjects, application of theoretical framework, contents of intervention, a term of intervention, the time of evaluation on effect of interventions, research design, dependant variables, and effect of interventions. RESULTS: Research on effect of smoking cessation intervention increased rapidly in the 2000's. At this time. 72.9% of research was published. Most of research subject were students. Theoretical framework were applied in 20.8% of articles. The most common intervention was education(39.4%). The effect of combined program on outcome variable was found to be stronger than only education program. Experimental design was used in 29.2% and quasi-experimental design was adapted in 43.8% of articles. 1-6 months intervention was in 35.4%. The long term intervention more than 1month was found to be effective. Health behavior related index was measured as a dependant variable in 62.3%. CONCLUSION: Accordingly, long term program to apply to various subject is needed.
Education ; Health Behavior ; Humans ; Research Design ; Research Subjects ; Smoking Cessation*

PURPOSE: This study was carried out to identify premenstrual discomforts and coping patterns and their effects. METHOD: The participants of this study were 297 female university students in C area. The Menstrual Discomfort Questionaire (MDQ) and coping method lists were used as measurement tools. RESULTS: There were significant differences premenstrual discomforts according to age (F=5.76, p=.003) and according to health condition (F=3.43, p=.034). The mean scores of the sub-categorical factors of premenstrual discomfort were 2.35 points for pain, 2.29 for instability and 2.25 for water retention. The worst symptoms among the subcategories of premenstrual discomfort were as follows: backache (M=2.68) in the pain subcategory, irritability (M=2.53) in the instability subcategory and swelling(M=2.40) in the water retention subcategory. Their common coping patterns were "coping according to menstrual period", "active behavioral coping" and "evasional coping". Frequently used coping methods were "taking a rest and sleep (99.3%)" and "taking a warm shower (86.2%)". Effective coping methods were "taking a rest and sleep (89.5%)" and "taking a warm shower (87.1%)". CONCLUSION: Most participants have their own coping pattern. Some methods were very effective to PMS but some were not effective to PMS. To manage PMS, effective coping methods should be encouraged for female university students. To keep up with effective coping, education and counseling should be continued. It is considered necessary to make the same research with a larger number of samples and more specified assessment.
Back Pain ; Counseling ; Education ; Female ; Humans ; Water

PURPOSE: This study aimed to identify pain, disability, anxiety, depression and educational needs between acute and chronic low back pain groups. METHODS: A total of 153 patients aged 18 to 64, recruited from S-neurosurgical clinic for low back pain in Gyeonggi-do. Out of 153 subjects, 70 were Acute Low Back Pain (ALBP) group and 83 were Chronic Low Back Pain (CLBP) group. The collected data was analyzed using the SAS System V 9.4 program by chi-square test/Fisher's exact test and t-test. RESULTS: The pain and disability scores were higher in ALBP group while the depression score was higher in CLBP group. The educational needs score in the area for the time for lumbar operation was higher in CLBP group. In the Low Back Pain (LBP) treatment management, ALBP group visited clinic (60.0%) most frequently and CLBP group visited both clinic & traditional medicine (66.3%) regularly. CONCLUSION: In order to minimize the progression from acute to chronic LBP, it is necessary for patients who visited the clinic to be accompanied with an education program that reflects educational needs of patients and with proven alternative therapy.
Anxiety ; Depression ; Disability Evaluation ; Education ; Gyeonggi-do ; Humans ; Low Back Pain ; Medicine, Traditional ; Needs Assessment

An ELISA was developed for the diagnosis of vivax malaria using multiple stage-specific recombinant antigens of Plasmodium vivax. The DNA from the whole blood of a malaria patient was used as template to amplify the coding regions for the antigenic domains of circumsporozoite protein (CSP-1), merozoite surface protein (MSP-1), apical merozoite antigen (AMA-1), serine repeat antigen (SERA), and exported antigen (EXP-1). Each amplified DNA fragment was inserted into pQE30 plasmid to induce the expression of His-tagged protein in Escherichia coli (M15 strain) by IPTG. His-tagged proteins were purified by Ni-NTA metal-affinity chromatography and used as antigens for ELISA with patient sera that were confirmed previously by blood smear examinations. When applied to patient sera, 122 (80.3%) out of 152 vivax malaria cases reacted to at least one antigen, while no reactions were observed with 128 uninfected serum samples. We applied this ELISA to the screening of 3, 262 civilian residents in endemic regions near the DMZ, which resulted in 236 positively detected (7.2%) cases. This method can be applied to serological diagnosis and mass screening in endemic regions, or can be used as a safety test for transfusion blood in endemic areas.
Animals ; Antibodies, Protozoan/*blood ; Antigens, Protozoan/genetics/*immunology ; *Endemic Diseases ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/methods ; Humans ; Life Cycle Stages ; Malaria, Vivax/*diagnosis/epidemiology/parasitology ; Mass Screening ; Plasmodium vivax/*growth & development/immunology ; Recombinant Proteins/*immunology ; Serologic Tests

No abstract available.
Advanced Cardiac Life Support*

PURPOSE: Our purpose was to deterrnine the efficacy of maternal corticosteroid therapy on the morbidity of premature infants between 26 and 31 weeks' gestation. METHOD: A total of 62 premature infants between 26 and 31 weeks gestation admitted to pediatric department of National Medical Center from Nov, 1990 to June 1996 were analyzed to evaluate the efficacy of prenatal corticosteroid therapy on the morbidity such as hyaline membrane disease, intreventricular hernorrhage, necrotizing enterocolitis, sepsis, neonatal death, days on ventilation and hospital days. RESULT: Among 62 women who delivered premature infants between 26 and 31 weeks, 22 received betamethasone before delivery and 40 did not. 1) The rate of hyaline membrane disease was less in the betamethasone group (41% vs. 70%, P<0.05). 2) The rate of intracranial hemorrhage was less in the betamethasone group (0 vs. 20%, P<0.05). 3) The days of ventilator care was less in the betamethasone group among survival cases (27+/-3.2 vs. 5.2+/-4.6, P<05). 4) Arnong 14 women who delivered at 26 to 28 weeks, 4 received betamethasone before delivery and 10 did not. The rate of neonatal death was less in the betamethasone group (o% vs. 80%, P<0.05). 5) Among 48 women who delivered at 29 to 31 weeks, 18 received betamethasone before delivery and 30 did not. The rate of hyaline membrane disease was less in the betamethasone group (39% vs. 73%, P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Betamethasone appears to reduce hyaline membrane disease, intraven- tricular hemorrhage, neonatal death and the morbidity significantly in premature infants between 26 and 31 weeks' gestation.
Betamethasone ; Enterocolitis, Necrotizing ; Female ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hyaline Membrane Disease ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature* ; Intracranial Hemorrhages ; Pregnancy ; Sepsis ; Ventilation ; Ventilators, Mechanical