A histopathologic study including iramunohistochemical stains was made in 30 patients who were presented with gastrointestinal lymphoma. The occurrence was 13 in the stomach, 8 in the ileocecum, 7 in the small intestine and 2 in the colon. The disease more frequently affected males than females and the average ages were 53 years in the patients of gastric lymphoma and 44 years in the patients of intestinal lymphoma. Gastric lymphomas were usually presented with a single lesion, and the antrum and/or body were the most common sites. But intestinal lymphomas were presented with a single or multiple lesion, and the ileocecum was the most common site. The most common gross type of gastrointestinal lymphomas was the ulceroinfiltrating type and most are of the diffuse large noncleaved cell type of B-cell lymphoma, histologically. There were 2 cases of T-cell lymphoma presented in the intestine as the superficially ulcerative gross pattern and diffuse immunoblastic cell type. The distinct MALToma was seen in only one case of stomach but the feature was partially remained in each two cases of stomach and intestine. Their coexistent findings may suggest that diffuse large of immunoblastic component arises through blastic transformation of the low-grade M ALToma component.
Female ; Male ; Humans

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to provide basic data on preventive child abuse program development. METHOD: Data were collected on 105 high-risk families of child abuse intervention was obtained from their main child rearer who raised the child under 18 years, olds during 10 months period from May, 2000 to March 2001. RESULT: The results were as follows : 1. Child abuse occurred in the subject's home, in the case of mild child abuse, 'throwing an object at the child' had the highest percentage 39.1%, in severe child abuse, 'rod, stick, belt, broom beating or using a variety of objects such as' had the highest percentage 49.5%, and in very severe child abuse, 'hospitalized by belting' had the highest percentage 3.8%. 2. The degree of child abuse potential showed high risk child abuse score with a mean of 213.3. The degree of beliefs in corporal punishment showed that subjects perceived corporal punishment of children positively with a mean of 32.2. 3. With respect to the child abuse potential, there were significant correlations with the subjects' age (r=.294, p=.002), education level (r=-.442, p=.000), and family income (r=-.355, p=.000). CONCLUSION: From this study not only child abuse occurrence but also child abuse potential were severely increased in poor livelihood families. Therefore to the high risk group, individual preventive approach must be applied.
Child ; Child Abuse ; Cytisus ; Education ; Humans ; Only Child ; Program Development ; Punishment

No abstract available.
Drainage* ; Prognosis*

A 9-year-old Korean boy with lissencephaly was found dead at home. He had previously been diagnosed with lissencephaly that presented with infantile spasm on the basis of magnetic resonance imaging and electroencephalogram results. Antemortem chromosomal banding revealed a normal karyotype. A legal autopsy was requested to eliminate the possibility of neglect or abuse by his parents. The autopsy findings revealed type I lissencephaly with the associated microcephaly. No external wounds or decubitus ulcers were noted. Postmortem fluorescence in situ hybridization for the LIS1 locus and nucleotide sequence analysis of the whole coding regions of the LIS1 gene did not reveal any deletions. The antemortem and postmortem findings revealed that lissencephaly syndrome was associated with isolated lissencephaly sequence. External causes of death were excluded by the full autopsy and toxicology test results. Because patients with mental retardation are frequently victimized and suffer neglect or abuse, thorough external and internal examinations should be conducted at the time of autopsy.
Autopsy ; Base Sequence ; Cause of Death ; Child ; Child Abuse ; Classical Lissencephalies and Subcortical Band Heterotopias ; Clinical Coding ; Electroencephalography ; Fluorescence ; Forensic Pathology ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Intellectual Disability ; Karyotype ; Lissencephaly ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Microcephaly ; Parents ; Pressure Ulcer ; Spasms, Infantile ; Toxicology

OBJECTIVE: Since IVF program was first established, various types of media and culture systems have been developed either in-house or commercially. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of in-house Maria Research Center (MRC) media to that of commercially available Sydney IVF media in human day 3 embryo transfer cycles. METHODS: Three hundred sixty nine couples were included in this prospective, randomized, and comparative study. All couples undergoing IVF treatment at the Maria Fertility Hospital were randomly assigned to either Sydney IVF (n=178) or MRC (n=191) media. RESULTS: No difference was observed between the MRC media and Sydney IVF media groups with respect to fertilization rate (74.4% vs. 75.5%). The clinical pregnancy and implantation rates of MRC media (47.1% and 20.0%, respectively) were also similar to those of Sydney IVF media (44.4% and 19.4%, respectively). However, the proportion of embryos with good quality on day 3 was significantly higher in the MRC media group than the Sydney IVF media group (50.2% vs. 43.2%) (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: MRC media were as effective as Sydney IVF media for sustaining embryo development and pregnancy rates. The present study implies that MRC media can be a suitable alternative to commercially available media for human IVF-ET program.
Embryo Transfer ; Embryonic Development ; Embryonic Structures ; Family Characteristics ; Female ; Fertility ; Fertilization ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Rate ; Prospective Studies

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: This study was intended to test how the inflammation at the Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) inoculation site (BCGitis) can be a useful a diagnostic feature of Kawasaki disease (KD). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: All subjects were infants at the time of admission, and had received BCG vaccination during their neonatal period. There were 54 patients with complete KD (group 1) and 29 patients with incomplete KD (group 2). All 83 patients had BCGitis during the acute phase of illness. Data regarding the coronary artery diameters in 31 age-matched controls were used for comparison. RESULTS: The 2 patient groups did not differ in clinical and laboratory variables. During the acute phase, the median z scores of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) diameter were 0.20, 0.42, and -0.48 in groups 1, 2, and control respectively, and that of right coronary artery (RCA) diameters were -0.15, -0.16, and -1.17 respectively. The z scores in both patient groups were greater than those in controls (p=0.0014 in LAD and p<0.0001 in RCA between group 1 and controls; p=0.0023 in LAD and p<0.0001 in RCA between group 2 and controls). A similar pattern was observed during the subacute and convalescent phases. CONCLUSION: BCGitis is a useful feature in the diagnosis of incomplete KD in infants who received BCG vaccine during neonatal period.
BCG Vaccine ; Coronary Vessels ; Humans ; Infant ; Inflammation ; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome ; Mycobacterium bovis ; Vaccination

Long QT syndrome(LQTS) is characterized by prolongation of the QT interval, frequent episodes of syncope, and ventricular tachycardia leading to sudden cardiac death in adolescents and young adults. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment to reduce the risk of life-threatening cardiac events is crucial, however sudden onset convulsive syncope may be misdiagnosed as epilepsy and lead to antiepileptic drug therapy for many years. We experienced a case of six-year-old boy who were having seizure triggered by exercise and being treated with antiepileptic drugs. He had normal EEG and brain MRI but his ECG revealed prolonged QT interval(QTc=477 ms) and treadmill test induced polymorphic ventricular tachycardia. After applying beta-blocker, he had no more seizure attacks. We report a case of long QT syndrome misdiagnosed as epilepsy with a brief review of related literatures.
Adolescent ; Anticonvulsants ; Brain ; Death, Sudden, Cardiac ; Early Diagnosis ; Electrocardiography ; Electroencephalography ; Epilepsy ; Exercise Test ; Humans ; Long QT Syndrome ; Seizures ; Syncope ; Tachycardia, Ventricular ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: To describe clinical features of cyclic vomiting syndrome(CVS), managements during episodes, prophylactic drugs as long term therapy and to investigate the disease course and prognostic factors of CVS. METHODS: Thirty two children who fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of CVS and who presented to Seoul National University Children's Hospital from March 1989 to December 2000, were included. Data were obtained from chart review and telephone interview. RESULTS: All had recurrent, self-limited episodes and were free of symptoms between episodes. During the acute phase of episodes, lorazepam and ondansetron were effective in some patients. Various prophylactic drugs were tried and some patients recovered after the use of clobazam, clonazepam, erythromycin and imipramine. Among 32 patients, 18 had recovered from CVS. The age at recovery was 9.4 +/- 4.0 years. It took 3.4 +/- 2.2 years from the onset to the recovery. The age at onset was later in the recovery group than in the non-recovery group(6.1 +/- 3.2 vs 1.7 +/- 1.8 years; P=0.015) and the duration of episodes was longer in the recovery group(5.2 +/- 1.6 vs 2.3 +/- 1.2 days; P=0.003). CONCLUSION: Many patients recovered from CVS spontaneously. The prognosis in patients with later onset of the disease and the longer duration of episodes seemed to be better. Prophylactic drugs such as clobazam, clonazepam, erythromycin and imipramine may be beneficial. A total approach including trials of prophylactic drugs, removal of the triggering factor and psychiatric support is needed in the management of CVS.
Child ; Clonazepam ; Erythromycin ; Humans ; Imipramine ; Interviews as Topic ; Lorazepam ; Ondansetron ; Prognosis* ; Seoul ; Vomiting*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the adaptation of lithium disilicate crowns fabricated by CAD-CAM (computer aided design-computer aided manufacturing) and heat-press technique to compare two different measurement methods in assessing fit of the ceramic crowns: micro CT and cross-section technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prepared typodont mandibular molar for ceramic crown was duplicated and ten dies were produced by milling the PMMA (polymethylmethacrylate) resin. Ten vinyl polysiloxane impressions were made and stone casts were produced. Five dies were used for IPS e.max Press crowns with heat-press technique. The other five dies were used for IPS e.max CAD crowns with CAD-CAM technique. Ten lithium disilicate crowns were cemented on the resin dies using zinc phosphate cement with finger pressure. The marginal and internal fits in central buccolingual plane were evaluated using a micro CT. Then the specimens were embedded and cross-sectioned and the marginal and internal fits were measured using scanning electronic microscope. The two measurement methods and two manufacturing methods were compared using Mann-Whitney U test (SPSS 22.0). RESULTS: The marginal and internal fit values using micro CT and cross-section technique were similar, showing no significant differences. There were no significant differences in adaptation between lithium disilicate crowns fabricated with CAD-CAM and heat-press technique. CONCLUSION: Both micro CT and cross-section technique were acceptable methods in the evaluation of marginal and internal fit of lithium disilicate crown. There was no difference in adaptation between lithium disilicate crowns fabricated with CAD-CAM and heat-press technique except occlusal fit.
Ceramics ; Computer-Aided Design ; Crowns* ; Fingers ; Lithium* ; Molar ; Polymethyl Methacrylate ; Siloxanes ; Zinc Phosphate Cement

PURPOSE: The resistance of H. pylori to clarithromycin is one of the major causes of eradication failure. In H. pylori, clarithromycin resistance is due to point mutation in 23S rRNA. The aims of this study were to investigate the mutation of 23S rRNA and to examine the association of cagA, vacA genotype and clarithromycin resistant genes. METHODS: H. pylori DNA was extracted from antral biopsy specimens from 27 children with H. pylori infection. Specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays were used for cagA and vacA. Mutations associated with clarithromycin resistance were detected by using PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of 23S rRNA gene. RESULTS: A2143G mutation was detected in one case and A2144G in 4, indicating 18.5% were clarithromycin resistant. Among the total of 27, cagA was present in 25 (93%), vacA s1a/m1 in 6 (22%), s1a/m2 in 3 (11%), s1c/m1 in 16 (59%), and s1c/m2 in 1 (4%). All of the 5 clarithromycin resistant strains were cagA (+), among which 2 were s1a/m1 and 2 were s1c/m1. There was no relation between genotypes and clarithromycin resistant genes. CONCLUSION: Detection of H. pylori resistance to clarithromycin using PCR RFLP from biopsy specimens might be useful for the selection of antibiotics. Clarithromycin resistant genes are not associated with genotypes of cagA and vacA.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Biopsy ; Child* ; Clarithromycin* ; DNA ; Genes, rRNA ; Genotype ; Helicobacter pylori* ; Helicobacter* ; Humans ; Point Mutation ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length