A total of 213 fine needle aspirations from pulmonary lesions in 193 patients performed from January, 1986 to March, 1989 were analyzed. The cytologic diagnoses were unsatisfactory in 10, negative in 60, atypical in 6, suspicious in 11 and malignant in 126 cases. The cytologic types of the malignant cases were 47 squamous cell carcinomas, 40 adenocarcinomas, 10 small cell carcinomas, 6 large cell carcinomas and 10 metastatic tumors. They were verified by the histologic confirmation in 31 cases and by the clinical data in the remainder. There were 5 false-negative cases and none was false-positive, representing 96% sensitivity and 100% specificity. Primary lung cancers were accurately typed in 73% of histologically confirmed case. Cell blocks, prepared in 99 cases, were helpful in tumor typing of 11 cases.
Neoplasm Metastasis ; Lung Neoplasms

The purpose of the study was to test the effect of the health promotion program in middle women. The research design was a quasi experimental, nonequivalent control-group pretest-posttest design. The data were collected from February 24 to April 14, 1988. The subjects were midlife women, age 40 to 50 years who reside in Chonju city. The experimental group consisted of 41 subjects and the control group 40 subjects. The instruments used for the study were the Self Efficacy Scale and the Health Promotion Behavior Scale developed by Park(1995). The data was analyzed by SPSS/PC. The study result were as follows: Through the 7 week education program for health promotion, self efficacy and health behavior were effectively changed in middle-aged.
Education ; Female ; Health Behavior ; Health Promotion* ; Humans ; Jeollabuk-do ; Research Design ; Self Efficacy

No abstract available.
Humans ; Hypoglycemia* ; Infant* ; Infant, Newborn* ; Iron*

BACKGROUND: The goal of preoperative screening test is to reduce the perioperative morbidity by patients management in case of abnormal test results. But, in view of the low incidence of perioperative complication in otherwise healthy surgical population and cost of routine preoperative screening tests, further examination of their usefulness is required. METHODS: The charts of 1968 patients performed preoperative screening laboratory tests were reviewed to analyse the results of tests retrospectively. The preoperative screening laboratory tests are hemoglobin, platelet count, bleeding time, prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, chest X-ray, electrocardiography (ECG), liver function test (LFT), urinalysis, BUN and creatinine. In cases of abnormal results obtained, further studies (pulmonary function test (PFT), arterial blood gas analysis (ABGA), 2D- echocardiography, holter ECG, coronary angiography and abdominal sonography) were analysed. RESULTS: The incidence of abnormal results of total preoperative screening test is 4.5%. The incidence of abnormal results of ECG, chest X-ray, LFT, hemoglobin, and others are 8.3%, 7.8%, 3.7%, 2% and less than 1% in order. For further study, PFT was done in 58 patients, ABGA in 72 patients, 2D-echocardiography in 96 patients, and Holter ECG in 6 patients. CONCLUSION: This study has shown that routine preoperative laboratory screening tests provided little information. Therefore, further studies would be necessary to evaluate the cost-benefit of preoperative screening test compared with the other methods such as history taking and physical examinations that is needed little cost.
Bleeding Time ; Blood Gas Analysis ; Coronary Angiography ; Creatinine ; Echocardiography ; Electrocardiography ; Humans ; Incidence ; Liver Function Tests ; Mass Screening* ; Partial Thromboplastin Time ; Physical Examination ; Platelet Count ; Prothrombin Time ; Retrospective Studies ; Thorax ; Urinalysis

BACKGROUND: The goal of preoperative screening test is to reduce the perioperative morbidity by patients management in case of abnormal test results. But, in view of the low incidence of perioperative complication in otherwise healthy surgical population and cost of routine preoperative screening tests, further examination of their usefulness is required. METHODS: The charts of 1968 patients performed preoperative screening laboratory tests were reviewed to analyse the results of tests retrospectively. The preoperative screening laboratory tests are hemoglobin, platelet count, bleeding time, prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, chest X-ray, electrocardiography (ECG), liver function test (LFT), urinalysis, BUN and creatinine. In cases of abnormal results obtained, further studies (pulmonary function test (PFT), arterial blood gas analysis (ABGA), 2D- echocardiography, holter ECG, coronary angiography and abdominal sonography) were analysed. RESULTS: The incidence of abnormal results of total preoperative screening test is 4.5%. The incidence of abnormal results of ECG, chest X-ray, LFT, hemoglobin, and others are 8.3%, 7.8%, 3.7%, 2% and less than 1% in order. For further study, PFT was done in 58 patients, ABGA in 72 patients, 2D-echocardiography in 96 patients, and Holter ECG in 6 patients. CONCLUSION: This study has shown that routine preoperative laboratory screening tests provided little information. Therefore, further studies would be necessary to evaluate the cost-benefit of preoperative screening test compared with the other methods such as history taking and physical examinations that is needed little cost.
Bleeding Time ; Blood Gas Analysis ; Coronary Angiography ; Creatinine ; Echocardiography ; Electrocardiography ; Humans ; Incidence ; Liver Function Tests ; Mass Screening* ; Partial Thromboplastin Time ; Physical Examination ; Platelet Count ; Prothrombin Time ; Retrospective Studies ; Thorax ; Urinalysis

BACKGROUND: A retrospective study was performed to evaluate postoperative mortality within 30 days following surgery. METHODS: The records of 31,806 patients who received operation under general anesthesia were reviewed. RESULTS: 1) Postoperative deaths were 184 cases, the ratio of which was comprising 0.57% of all surgical operative cases. 2) The highest ratio of the mortality in age group was 51~60 years group which was 24.5%, and in physical status it was ASA class III which was 36.4%. The highest ratio to the mortality rate in postoperative days was 8~30 days which was 45.1%. 3) The most common causes of death was low cardiac output due to heart failure on operating theater, and hypovolemic shock within postoperative 2 days, and intracranial problem within postoperative 7 days, and pulmonary complication within postoperative 30 days. CONCLUSION: We conclude that fatality rate could be decreased by intensive and multidisciplinary care for postoperaive complications as respiratory and renal failure.
Anesthesia, General ; Cardiac Output, Low ; Cause of Death ; Heart Failure ; Humans ; Mortality ; Renal Insufficiency ; Retrospective Studies ; Shock

Schwannoma is a benign encapsulated nerve sheath tumor and is histologically characterized by a mixture of Antoni type A and B tissue. A preoperative diagnosis of schwannoma by fine needle aspiration cytology or by any other means is important to preserve clinically important nerves. Therefore, it is necessary to make a specific cytological diagnosis of nerve sheath tumor. However, there are a few reports regarding cytological features of schwannoma in Korea. We experienced seven cases of solitary schwannoma and here we report their characteristic cytological features with a review of literatures. The characteristic features of schwannoma on cytology were the presence of both Antoni type A and B tissue. The cytologic findings common to all cases of schwannoma generally corresponded to the histologic findings of Antoni type A tissue, consisting of fragments of tightly cohesive fascicles with variable cellularity. Dense fibrillary substances were found, along with palisading nuclei and Verocay bodies. Individual tumor cells consisted of cohesive cells having spindle or oval nuclei, with pointed ends and indistinct cell borders. Variation in nuclear size and shape was also present. The Antoni type B consisted of scattered wavy or short spindle cells and some histiocytes and lymphocytes in the abundant myxoid background with formation of microcysts. Immunohistochemistry for S-100 protein revealed a uniformly strong positive reaction and was helpful to make more accurate diagnosis of schwannoma.
Hemangioma

PURPOSE: The study was to explore the level of low back pain and characteristic factors influencing low back pain (LBP) and mental health during pregnancy. METHODS: The subjects were a total of 383 healthy pregnant women in S City and K-Do. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation. RESULTS: 82.5% of the pregnant women answered the existence of LBP and 19.7% of them had high LBP. The preferred method of controlling LBP was 'Just endure' (42.3%). There were significant differences in pregnancy level (p < .05) and discomfort condition related to pregnancy (p < .01) according to low back pain. There were significant differences in pain intensity according to mental health. The correlation between pain level and pregnancy weeks (p < .001) and BMI in previous pregnancy (p < .001) was significant. The correlation between mental health and age was significant (p < .001). CONCLUSION: The majority of the pregnant women experienced LBP during pregnancy. However, they were not offered the best method of controlling the pain. Thus, for preventing LBP during pregnancy, we recommend regular exercises and BMI control.
Exercise ; Female ; Humans ; Low Back Pain* ; Mental Health* ; Pregnancy ; Pregnant Women*

The anesthesiologist is sometime presented with the problem of coagulation defects through the perioperative period. The possible causes of inappropriate hemostasis in this situation are numerous, and multiple mechanism may be simultaneously involved. Coagulation and fibrinolysis variables were measured in 15 patients who had undergone prolonged major surgery or received massive transfusion before and until 10 days after operation. Hemostactic surveys included platelet count, fibrinogen, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, antithrombin lll, and fibrin degraduation products. No patients had major hemorrhage, thrombosis, or disseminated intravascular coagulation, but laboratory findings suggest that a hypercoagulable state existed even 10 days postoperatively. The results were as follows: 1) Platelet counts decreased just after operation, but significantly increased to 154% of the control value 7 days after operation and 204% 10 days postoperatively. 2) Prothrombin time was significantly prolonged just after operation compared to the control value, but returned to normal in 4 days postoperatively. 3) Fibrinogen decreased just after operation, but significantly increased to 165% of the control value 4 days after operation, 178% 7days after operation and 191% 10 days postoperatively. 4) Activated partial thromboplastin time was not changed through the entire period. 5) Antithrombin lll was not changed through the entire period. 6) Fibrin degradation product was within normal ranges before operation, but in 11 cases it exceeded normal range from 1 to 10 days postoperatively.
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation ; Fibrin ; Fibrinogen ; Fibrinolysis* ; Hemorrhage ; Hemostasis ; Humans ; Partial Thromboplastin Time ; Perioperative Period ; Platelet Count ; Prothrombin Time ; Reference Values ; Thrombosis

To evaluate the technique to provide rapid onset of anesthesia and postoperative pain control for cesarean section, we have used spinal anesthesia and epidural analgesia with a 26-gauge, long spinal needle through a 18-gauge Tuohy needle(Espocan) for elective cesarean section in twenty cases, 0.5% heavy bupivacaine 8-12mg was injected through spinal needle for anesthesia during operation, and then spinal needle was removed and epidural catheter was inserted into the epidural space for postoperative pain control. Ten milliliters of bupivacaine 0.125% with 0.45 mg buprenorphine was injected into epidural space through epidural catheter at the time of pain recognition in postoperative period. The results were as follows; 1) There were 5 cases(25%) of hypotension after spinal anesthesia. 2) There were 4 cases(20%) of complaint of pain during operation. 3) The time from injection of 0.5% heavy bupivacaine to onset of anethesia to T4 level is 3.8+/-1.5 minutes and the time from induction of spinal anesthesia to deliverly of infant is 10.1+/-2.9 minutes. 4) Two cases of postoperative headache were noted, but they were mild and relieved spontaneously. 5) Other analgesics were needed in two cases at postoperative periods. The technique is recommended for the anesthesia of cesarean section because it allows rapid onset of anesthesia with spinal anesthesia and gives advantages of postoperative pain control with epidural catheter.
Analgesia, Epidural* ; Analgesics ; Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, Spinal* ; Bupivacaine ; Buprenorphine ; Catheters ; Cesarean Section* ; Epidural Space ; Female ; Headache ; Humans ; Hypotension ; Infant ; Needles ; Pain, Postoperative ; Postoperative Period ; Pregnancy